The Imperial Palace in Shenyang is known as "once the birthplace, the capital of two emperors" … full of charm and breeze, full of historical flavor … It is said that the famous building in Shenyang has "one palace and two tombs" and this palace is the magnificent building in front of us-Shenyang Imperial Palace.
The Imperial Palace in Shenyang was founded in 1625 (the golden decade) and completed in 1636 (the first year of Qing Chongde). It is a palace built and used by the Qing Emperor Nuerhachi and the Qing Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji. 1643, Fu Lin, the Qing emperor, was also the emperor in the same year, and was renamed "Shunzhi". Therefore, the Forbidden City in Shenyang can also be said to be "once the birthplace, three generations of emperors are the capital".
One: The difference between Shenyang Forbidden City and Beijing Forbidden City lies in the color of the building. The Forbidden City in Beijing is a red wall with yellow glazed tiles, and the Forbidden City in Shenyang is a green edge with yellow glazed tiles. Why?
It is said that Jurchen comes from the depths of the mountains, and green represents the primary colors of the nation. Moreover, its paintings have four styles: Manchu, Qing, Han and Tibetan, covering an area of more than 60,000 square meters. According to its layout, it can be divided into three parts: East Road, Middle Road and West Road. East Road, built in Nurhachi period, has strong Manchu characteristics. The buildings on East Road mainly include Dazheng Hall and Ten Kings Pavilion. The octagonal hall in the middle of the square is the main hall, also known as the "Grand Yamen" and "Dugong Hall", which is the place where Nurhachi listens to politics and works.
Two: Why is the Grand Main Hall called Dark Eight?
The main hall is18m high. His Highness has a Sumitomo pedestal1.5m high, surrounded by beautifully carved bluestone fences. It is an octagonal pavilion with two eaves, with a pyramid roof with yellow glazed tiles and green edges at the top, and an Aquarius flame bead in the middle. (Aquarius is a Buddhist instrument, which is regarded as a sacred object, and the flame bead is a wishful bead. It is said that the person who gets this pearl can satisfy all kinds of desires. ) There are eight vertical ridges of colorful glass on the double eaves. On each vertical ridge stands a Mongolian lux, with its legs slightly bent and pulled sideways, symbolizing "unification in all directions". The 10 pavilions on both sides are the Ten Kings Pavilion. Judging from the overall architectural layout, the main hall is in the middle. There are 10 pavilions on both sides, which spread out in a figure of eight from north to south, making the main hall more visually profound. This kind of space treatment is just an example in the building of China Palace. The Ten Kings Pavilion, also known as the Eight Banners Pavilion, may think of the Eight Banners Pavilion (the left-wing pavilion, the yellow flag pavilion, the white flag pavilion, the white flag pavilion and the blue flag pavilion are in the east). There are eight pavilions in the west, namely, right-wing Wang Pavilion, Huang Zhengqi Pavilion, Zhenghongqi Pavilion, Hongqi Pavilion and Lanqi Pavilion. What are the other two pavilions? The pavilions near the left and right ends of the main hall are the left-wing Wang Pavilion and the right-wing Wang Pavilion, which are the offices of the governors of the left and right wings respectively, and the Eight Banners Pavilion is the main office of the Eight Banners. The pattern of building the King Khan Hearing Hall and the Eight Banners Wang Chen Hall in the later dynasty was determined by the Eight Banners system of military and political integration at the beginning of the rise of Nurhachi. It reflects the historical features of Nurhachi's governing the country in his later years.
Three: Why is the Phoenix Building "high in the palace and low in the hall"?
Go through the middle gate and come to Shenyang Forbidden City Middle Road. The buildings in the middle road were mainly built in the period of Huang Taiji, and many historical stories were staged here ... The buildings in Shenyang Forbidden City Middle Road are self-contained and have three courtyards. From south to north, there are Daqingmen, Chongzheng Hall, Phoenix Tower and Qingning Palace in turn, all arranged on a central axis, and there are some symmetrical ancillary buildings on both sides.
Daqingmen is the main entrance of Shenyang Forbidden City. Daqingmen was not only a place where civil and military officials waited for the imperial court at that time. It is also the place where Huang Taiji accepted the thanks of ministers. At that time, Hong Chengchou and Zu Dashou, famous generals of the Ming Dynasty, knelt in front of the Qing Dynasty and were summoned by Huang Taiji. When officials are promoted or exempted from punishment, they should also kowtow at the "Chongzheng Hall" in the north gate here. The most famous building is the antlers chair inside. It is said that Huang taiji was hunting at that time and got an antler as a symbol of courage …
Then he came to the solemn political memorial hall, formerly known as the "main hall" and commonly known as the "Golden Hall". It is the place where Huang Taiji handled military affairs and met with foreign envoys and representatives of border ethnic minorities. Chongzheng Hall is a five-room hard mountain building. The most striking place is the green edge of the yellow glazed tile at the top of the hall, the colorful glazed components of the bow, wind, kiss, top of the mountain and roof, and the embossed dragons and exotic animals, which make the whole hall more noble, solemn and spectacular. Another unique feature of Chongzheng Hall is that the head beam at the upper end of the front and rear eaves columns looks like a dragon, and the faucet protrudes from the top of the column, and the dragon enters the hall directly through the cloister. Vivid posture, like a dragon flying out of the main hall, with dual functions of structure and decoration, the design is very clever.
The tall building we see around Chongzheng Hall is the Phoenix Tower, and its vestibule is in the middle of "sleeping in front and sleeping behind", which is a transitional courtyard. The Phoenix Tower is built on a 3.8-meter-high blue brick abutment with 24 steps symbolizing 24 solar terms. After 24 solar terms every year, the emperor has to step on these 24 abutments every day, which means that the mountains and rivers of the Qing Dynasty can last for thousands of generations. Phoenix Tower is a three-story building. 1743 (the eighth year of Qianlong) was changed to its current name. The "Purple Gas from the East" gold horizontal plaque hanging above the main entrance of Fenghuang Building is the imperial pen of Emperor Qianlong, which means that the blessing of the great national strength of the Qing Dynasty came from Shengjing in the East and expressed the worship of the Qing emperor to the place where his ancestors started their businesses. Fenglou was not only the gate of the harem, but also the tallest building in Shengjing at that time, so it was called "Fenglou Xiaoyue" and "Fenglou Viewing Tower" and was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Shengjing.
Passing through the Phoenix Tower is the harem of Huang Taiji, the residence of Huang Taiji and his concubines. The overall building of the harem is higher than that of the previous dynasty. This feature of "high palace and low hall" reflects the traditional living habits of Manchu people. Why do you live so high? Because jurchen lives in two tigers and three leopards, it is relatively safe to live in high places.
Four: What is a swastika pit?
There is a popular saying about the characteristic buildings of the harem: pocket room, word kang, chimney falling to the ground. What is a pocket room? Because the five-room corridor building in front of and behind this hard mountain is Qingning Palace, we can see that there are five rooms in Ninggong No.1 * *, and the door is not in the middle, but in the south of Dong Er No.2, which looks like a pocket. Qingning Palace, formerly known as "Gong Zheng", is the most characteristic building of Manchu residence in Shenyang Forbidden City. To the east are the bedrooms of Huang Taiji and Empress Filial Piety (Bolzigit's family). Huang taiji sat in Nankang on 1643 (the eighth year of Chongde) and died without cause. Later buried in Zhaoling. What about the word kang? As you can see, the west three rooms of Ning Palace are connected, and the north, west and south sides form a connected ring kang, which looks like the word "Wan", so people commonly call it "". What about "the chimney fell to the ground" The chimney of Qingning Palace is behind Qingning Palace, which is built from the ground and slightly lower than the roof. We can look around later. At that time, there was a ban that the chimneys in everyone's homes were not allowed to be higher than those in the palace, which meant that the Qing Dynasty "unified the world".
The east and west palaces on both sides of Qingning Palace (Guanluo Palace and Yanqing Palace in the east, Linzhi Palace and Yongfu Palace in the west) are the places where concubines live, and the most famous one is Yongfu Palace where Zhuang Fei lives, because Fu Lin, the Qing emperor, was born in Yongfu Palace on 1638 (the third year of Chongde) ... and it is also related to Luo, Huang Taiji's favorite woman.
V: What is the high pole at the southern end of the main entrance of Qingning Palace?
That's the Soren pole. Manchu people call it the "god pole", which is used by Manchu people to worship heaven. When offering sacrifices to heaven, the pig's grains and viscera are put in the iron bucket at the top, which shows the worship concept of the spirit bird of Manchu Shamanism. It is said that it is also related to the legend of the crow savior ... because crows eat carrion, Huang Taiji was injured in the war, and a group of crows landed on him, confusing the enemy and thinking that Huang Taiji was dead. Later, after Huang taiji was saved, he thought the crow was a god bird ... We walked along the road leading to the imperial garden, imagining that his concubine was here.
Six: Where was Sikuquanshu born?
Finally, we came to Shenyang Forbidden City West Road. The west road was built to meet the needs of the emperor's eastward tour. It was built during the Qianlong period. The main buildings are Wensui Pavilion, Stage, Jiayin Hall, Brainstorming Hall, etc., which are connected by courtyards and become more and more chaotic. It is a place with a strong cultural atmosphere.
Wenshui Pavilion was built in 178 1 year (46 years after Qianlong) to 1783 (48 years after Qianlong). It is the main building of West Road, modeled after the "Tianyi Pavilion" by Fan Qin, a great bibliophile in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty. It is a special collection of the large-scale book "Siku Quanshu" compiled during the Qianlong period, and it is also a national collection. Sikuquanshu is divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections. It is a precious heritage of China ancient literature, and it is of great significance to carry forward and spread national culture. ) * * * There are seven books written in Sikuquanshu, one of which is hidden in Wenshuige, 1966 10. Based on the consideration of combat readiness, Liaoning Province secretly transported Sikuquanshu to Lanzhou and handed it over to Gansu Provincial Library.
Wenshui Pavilion is a hard-mountain building, with six rooms wide, two double eaves outside and three floors inside. The architectural style of Jiangnan is obvious. Different from other buildings in Shenyang Palace Museum, the roof of Wensui Pavilion is decorated with black glazed tiles, which is unique in Shenyang Palace Museum. According to five lines of gossip, black stands for water, books are the most fire-averse, and the top of black tile symbolizes the meaning of using water to overcome fire. And the Huang Huali wooden table in the room gleams vaguely ... like an old man who has passed through a hundred years, watching people shuttle here for centuries.
There is a stone tablet pavilion in the east of Wenshui Pavilion. The words "Forbidden City" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong are on the front, and the words "Song Xiaozong" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong are on the back. The inscription records the building process and the collection of Sikuquanshu in detail.
After Wensui Pavilion, it was the place where the emperor studied. There is Jiayin Hall outside the palace gate in front of the pavilion, a porch on the left and right, and a stage on the south, which was the place where the emperor visited the east during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years.
During this period, many rooms were converted into cultural and creative exhibition halls, displaying the landscape paintings and ceramic jade culture of the Qing Dynasty ... Showing the nearly 300-year history of the Qing Dynasty, the rise of Jurchen, the fall of Liaoshen by Nurhachi, the succession of Huang Taiji, the change of dynasty and the title of emperor, and the settlement of Beijing ...
This Forbidden City has been guarding a city, quietly vain, watching the prosperity of life …