1, Nanzhao ape-man: An ape-man fossil found in nanzhao county, Nanyang, Henan Province, proves that human beings lived in Henan about 500,000 to 600,000 years ago.
2. Xuchang people: In 2007, ancient human fossils dating back about 65,438+10,000 years were discovered in Xuchang, Henan. Its discovery and cooperation with other sites provide certain evidence that China people did not originate in Africa.
3. Jiahu Site: Located in Wuyang, Henan Province, about 9000 years ago. The world's earliest musical instrument, the world's earliest wine, the world's earliest symbols engraved with similar words and other world's earliest achievements of civilization have been discovered here, which has caused a sensation in the world and is considered as "the first threshold for mankind to move from ignorance to civilization".
4. Peiligang Culture: It was named after its discovery in Peiligang Village, Xinzheng, Henan Province about 8,000 years ago, and it is one of the sources of Chinese civilization.
5. Taihao Mausoleum: About 7000 years ago, it is located in Huaiyang County, Zhoukou, Henan Province. It is the No.1 Fuxi Mausoleum in Taihao, Huang San, and the first of the Ming Tombs in China 18. Founded in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was expanded in the Tang and Song Dynasties and perfected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with 5 1 imperial sacrifice. Huaiyang, called "Wanqiu" in ancient times, is the capital and resting place of Fuxi and the capital of Shennong. It is considered to be the birthplace of surname culture, farming culture and dragon totem in China, and the holy land of China and Dongyi.
6. Yangshao Culture: It was named after it was discovered in Yangshao Village, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, about 5,000 to 7,000 years ago. This is the most extensive and typical ancient culture in the same period, and the archaeological excavation in Yangshao Village is also the beginning of modern archaeology in China.
7. Huangdi's Hometown: Xinzheng, Henan Province is recognized by domestic historians as the place where Xuanyuan Huangdi was born, started his business and built his capital. China people began to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of mankind, in Xuanyuanqiu, Xinzheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it has continued to this day. The "ancestor worship ceremony in the hometown of the Yellow Emperor" has also become the first ceremony in China because it has been widely recognized by Chinese all over the world, and it is playing an increasingly important role in improving the cohesion of the Chinese nation.
8. Erlitou Culture: It was named after it was discovered in Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang about 4,000 years ago, and was considered as the capital of Xia Dynasty by academic circles. The earliest bronze ritual vessels in China were unearthed here.
9. Zhengzhou Mall: Located in the center of Zhengzhou today, it is an important capital in the early Shang Dynasty. This is one of the reasons why Zhengzhou became an ancient capital.
10, Yinxu, Anyang: The discovery of the world's largest bronze wares and Oracle Bone Inscriptions caused a sensation in the world, ranking first among human 10 archaeological discoveries in the 20th century, and Yinxu became a world cultural heritage without any dispute. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively mature script, with about 5,000 commonly used characters, which is the only script handed down among the four ancient Chinese characters in the world. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China will build the only Chinese character museum in the world-China Chinese Character Museum in Anyang.
1 1. Baima Temple: Located in Luoyang, it was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the first official temple built after Buddhism was introduced into China, and it is a powerful witness of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
12, Longmen Grottoes: Located in Luoyang, excavated after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang. It is not only the product of cultural exchange between ethnic minorities and Han nationality, but also the product of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in Longmen Grottoes. Especially the Rushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple, whose "Oriental Smile" combines divinity and humanity, masculinity and femininity, and has extremely high artistic value. Longmen Grottoes are also listed as world cultural heritage because of their artistic value and historical significance.
13, Shaolin Temple: Located in Dengfeng, it is the birthplace of Zen and Shaolin Wushu. After Buddhism was introduced into China, Shaolin monks merged it with China's Confucianism and Taoism and founded Zen. Zen Buddhism, a Japanese Buddhism, quickly spread to Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other parts of the country, and had a far-reaching impact on the history of flower path, tea ceremony, judo and bushido in China and China. Shaolin Wushu is the best in the world, and Shaolin is the best in the world. Shaolin monks absorbed the achievements of world martial arts in their exchanges, and summed up more than 700 kinds of martial arts stunts such as Shaolin Boxing, Shaolin Stick, Yijinjing and Tiebu Shirt, which had a far-reaching impact on other martial arts schools. There are only forty or fifty kinds of boxing derived from Shaolin Boxing. Shaolin's active entry into the WTO made it closely related to the history of China and played an important role in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Northern Song and Ming Dynasties. Shaolin Temple Forest has also become "the first temple in the world" because of its social responsibility, and Shaolin Wushu has spread everywhere and been further developed in actual combat. Shaolin keeps pace with the times, opens to the outside world, and actively joins the WTO, so that it has maintained its vigorous vitality. Today, after suffering, Zen and Shaolin Wushu are still full of vitality. Today's Shaolin monks integrate modern culture such as Internet and marketing into Shaolin culture, and let Shaolin go to the world quickly. Shaolin has become a model for China culture to go global, and it has also become synonymous with China culture to a great extent.
14. Zhongyue Temple: Located in Songshan, it is the largest Taoist architectural complex among the five mountains, with an ancient building of 5 14. Zhongyue Temple was built in the Qin Dynasty. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Empress Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty imitated the Forbidden City and then expanded it. The existing Zhongyue Temple was built by Emperor Qianlong in imitation of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Because it resembles the Forbidden City, it is called "the Forbidden City in the deep mountains". Wuyue Mountain is sealed by Taoism, and Zhongyue Temple is the largest Taoist building in Wuyue Mountain, so Zhongyue Temple is considered as a symbol of Songshan's status.
15, Songyang Academy: Located in Songshan, Dengfeng, it is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Sima Guang and other great scholars have given lectures here, and some of Zi Tong Zhi Jian written by Sima Guang are here. It's near Luoyang, where Ercheng merged Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and initially established Neo-Confucianism, which influenced China for 800 years.
16, Yingtian Academy: Located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu (called Yingtianfu in the Northern Song Dynasty), it is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. "Students come from thousands of miles" and "scholars from far and near all return", which means Yingtian Academy. Fan Zhongyan, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, studied here, settled in Shangqiu and served as bishop of Yingtian Academy.
17, Dengfeng Stargazing Observatory: Located in Dengfeng, it was built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of about 800 years. It is one of the earliest observatories in the world and the most important astronomical site in ancient China. Guo Shoujing, a great astronomer, has made astronomical achievements 30 1 year ahead of the west here, and the "time calendar" thus formulated has been used by China, Korea and Japan for more than 360 years. Today, based on this, our country is building the "China Astronomy Museum" here to show the achievements of ancient astronomy in China.
Hongqi Canal 18: Located in Anyang, Henan Province, it is a world-famous "artificial Tianhe" and "the eighth wonder of the world". In order to build this canal, 6,543,800 people worked hard on the cliffs in the mountains for 654.38+ 00 years. They have no money, no food, no technology and no policy support. However, with tenacious perseverance, they leveled 1250 hills, built hundreds of approach bridges and drilled hundreds of tunnels, and finally introduced the river of life into the arid land. The total canal of Hongqi Canal is more than 4,000 kilometers long, and its earthwork can build a stone wall with a width of 2 meters and 3 meters from Harbin to Guangzhou! Hongqi Canal is a masterpiece of human transformation of nature.
(2) Dynasty with its capital in Henan.
1, Fuxi: Fuxi ranks first, and the capital and Huaiyang are buried in Zhoukou, Henan.
2. Shennong: Shennong is another important emperor in ancient times, and his capital is also in Huaiyang.
3. Xuanyuan: Xuanyuan is the Yellow Emperor, ranking first among the five emperors. He was born, started a business and built his capital in Xinzheng.
4. Xia Dynasty: Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in China. In the summer, the capital was moved many times, including Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang, Yangcheng (now Dengfeng and Zhengzhou, also near Luoyang) and Yangzhai (now Yuzhou and Xuchang).
5. Shang: The Shang Dynasty moved its capital many times, among which three are more important: Luoyang Yanshi Mall, Zhengzhou Mall and Chao Ge (in Qixian County, Hebi).
6. Western Zhou Dynasty: There were two countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty, one was Haojing (now Shaanxi) and the other was Luoyang.
7. Eastern Zhou Dynasty: Luoyi (now Luoyang), the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, lasted for hundreds of years.
8. Western Han Dynasty: The main capital of the Western Han Dynasty was Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), but Luoyang was also the capital in the early days.
9. Eastern Han Dynasty: Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo held Xian Di hostage in Chang 'an for several years.
10, Cao Wei: Cao Wei made Xuchang its capital in the early days, and later Cao Pi made Luoyang its capital.
1 1, Western Jin Dynasty: Luoyang, its capital. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the emperor was taken to Chang 'an and kept there for several years.
12, Northern Wei Dynasty: Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) was the capital in the early Northern Wei Dynasty, and Emperor Xiaowen of the Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang.
13, Sui: Wendi made Chang 'an his capital and moved to Luoyang.
14, Tang: Chang 'an is the capital of Tang and Luoyang is the eastern capital. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen took the emperor of the Tang Dynasty to Luoyang for several years.
15, Wu Zhou: Wu Zetian usurped the throne of Li Tang, established Wu Zhou, made Luoyang its capital, and called Luoyang the capital of gods.
15. Back beam: The back beam has its capital in Kaifeng and then moved to Luoyang.
16, Late Tang Dynasty: Luoyang was its capital.
17, Houjin: The capital of Houjin was Kaifeng, and Luoyang was once the short-term capital.
18, Houhan: Kaifeng is the capital of Houhan.
19, Houzhou: Kaifeng is the capital of Houzhou.
20. Northern Song Dynasty: Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty.
2 1, Jin: Jin used Beijing as his capital, then moved the capital to Kaifeng for 20 years until his death.
(3) The names of Henan and China.
Henan is not only called "Central Plains" and "Zhongzhou", but also called "China" and "Middle Earth" in history. Today's "China" is the abbreviation of People's Republic of China (PRC), but the earliest "China" in history refers to the Henan area with Luoyang as the center, which is the knowledge of historians.
The word "China" in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Zhou Wuwang period meant "a country with a central government". More than 3,000 years ago, Duke Zhou measured the sun shadow in Yangcheng (now Dengfeng, Henan, near Luoyang) (there is a site of Duke Zhou's shadow measuring platform in Songshan, Dengfeng), and found that there was no sun shadow in the surrounding scenery from summer to noon, thinking it was the center of the earth, so the Zhou Dynasty called China, and Luoyi was built nearby. Therefore, Luoyang was regarded as "the best in the world" by scholars in previous dynasties.
A large number of documents can also prove that the word "China" originated in Henan. The word "China" was once found in The Book of Songs: "China is also the capital", and the capital at that time was Luoyi (now Luoyang), the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. See also Poetry, Elegance and People's Labor: "Hui China, Sui Sifang." See also "Preface to Xiaoya's Poems in June": "When Xiaoya was abolished, the four oceans invaded and China was weak." Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, the word "China" was first found in the bronze inscription "He Zun" unearthed in Baoji County, Shaanxi Province in 1965. The article said: "only Wang moved to another place at the beginning of the week and returned from heaven." In April, Wang was a boy in Jingfang, saying: I used to bake in Wanger, and Wang accepted this (life). Only the prince of Wu, who was a businessman in Dayi, told the sky that Yu lived in China and had come. " It can be seen that "China" here refers to the central area of the territory of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, Chengzhou, which is today's Luoyang area. Historical records? Liu Jingchuan said: "When you become a king, the Duke of Zhou belongs to Fu, but you become a city of Zhou Luoyi, and the princes pay tribute everywhere in the world." The reason why Luoyi is called "Middle Earth" or "Middle Earth" is that it lived on earth for several weeks, which should also be the reason why Henan was later called "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains".
In fact, the word China has different meanings in different times. Generally speaking, it refers to the whole country in the unified period and the Central Plains (now Henan) in the split period. With the change of the emperor's ruling territory, the scope of China is also different.
As Henan is not only the important birthplace of Chinese civilization and Chinese nation, but also the political, economic and cultural center of this vast land for thousands of years, the word "China" has gradually become synonymous with orthodox countries. Historically, both the ethnic minority regime that entered the Central Plains and the Han regime that lost the Central Plains called themselves "China" and did not recognize each other as "China".
[Edit this paragraph] VIII. Zhongyuan culture
Central Plains culture is profound and has a long history. On the surface, she is a regional culture. At a deeper level, she is not an ordinary regional culture, but the root and backbone of China traditional culture, which occupies a prominent position in the history of China cultural development. It took nearly 20 years to complete the national key publishing project-The Grand Ceremony of Central Plains Culture with 55 volumes, more than two meters thick. Limited by space, the following is only an excerpt from the book A Simple Reading of Central Plains Culture, Central Plains Culture and the Rise of the Central Plains, which briefly introduces the profound Central Plains culture:
(A) Dragon culture
The dragon is a symbol of wisdom, courage, auspiciousness and dignity. Henan is the hometown of dragons. Taihao Fuxi, known as the ancestor of mankind, created a dragon totem in Huaiyang, Zhoukou today, realizing the first great integration of many ancient tribes. The Yellow Emperor, known as another ancestor of mankind, used dragons as the totem of new tribes in Xinzheng today in order to unite the thoughts and spirits of the tribes in the Yellow River Basin. Today, China people are called "descendants of the Chinese people" and "descendants of dragons", which is why they came. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, the dragon cultural relics discovered in Henan have a long history and are the most authentic. Long Bang in Puyang, 6400 years ago, is the earliest dragon image in China, and it is praised as "a dragon in China" by the archaeological community. The large turquoise dragon found in Erlitou site of Yanshi, the first capital of China, was named "Dragon" by scholars at least 3700 years ago, and so on. These dragon objects come down in one continuous line from Xia, Shang, Zhou, Han, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, and they are the source of the dragon totem of the Chinese nation, which can be said to be the ancestors of various dragon statues in the Forbidden City in Beijing. The dragon image, which originated in the Central Plains, has become the symbol of the Chinese nation, the spiritual core of Chinese civilization, the bond and spiritual pillar of unity of the Chinese nation.
(B) Chinese character culture
Chinese characters are an important carrier to inherit and carry forward Chinese culture, a basic symbol of the Chinese nation and a remarkable symbol of Chinese civilization, which have exerted a great and far-reaching influence on the written culture of Korea, South Korea, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other countries. The cultural history of Chinese characters for more than 4,000 years can be said to be a history of Chinese characters in the Central Plains. The emergence of Chinese characters and almost every important development stage occurred in the Central Plains. Legend has it that the characters of Cang Xie in the era of the Yellow Emperor were created in Henan. The first complete China writing system, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, was unearthed in Henan. Li Si, who also helped Qin Shihuang write Biography, was from Shangcai, Henan. Xu Shen, a philologist who compiled the world's first dictionary, summarized the rules of Chinese character generation and unified word meaning analysis, was from Luohe, Henan. He completed Shuo Wen Jie Zi, a masterpiece of China philology, in his hometown. The standard font "Song Ti" that we still use today was produced in Kaifeng, Henan Province, and the famous movable type printing was also invented here.
(C) surname culture
Henan is the cradle of China's surnames. No matter its origin, it is closely related to the Central Plains, and a large number of surnames have been derived. Among the 4820 Han surnames in the Chinese Surnames Ceremony, 1834 originated in Henan, accounting for 38% of the total surnames, and its population accounts for more than 84.9% of the total Han population today. Among the top 300 surnames, 17 1 is rooted in Henan, accounting for 57%; Among the 65,438+000 surnames arranged by population, 78 surnames originated in Henan, no matter the four surnames of China, represented by Li, Wang, Zhang and Huang, or the four surnames of South China, represented by Lin, Chen, Zheng and Huang. In recent years, Henan has held a surname culture festival with the theme of "the same surname and the same root, and all surnames have the same origin", which has been widely recognized and responded at home and abroad, and has set off a wave of root-seeking, pilgrimage and ancestor worship among Chinese people all over the world. Surname culture is a unique cultural phenomenon in Henan.
Agricultural culture
Agriculture first appeared in the Central Plains. Farming culture in Central Plains contains many characteristic farming techniques and scientific inventions. Many agricultural production tools were unearthed in Peiligang cultural site, which provided physical evidence for the development of early farming culture, especially the polished stone grinding rod, which became the earliest grain processing tool found in China. As we all know, Fuxi, the leader of Huang San, taught people to "weave nets" and opened the era of fishing and hunting economy; Emperor Yan, known as "Shennong", taught people to sow and harvest, which initiated the agricultural era. Dayu used dredging to control water, which promoted the development of water conservancy in China and promoted the progress of mathematics, surveying and mapping, transportation and other related technologies. During the Warring States Period, the "Zheng Guoqu" built by Zheng Guo, a native of Henan, greatly improved the agricultural production conditions in Guanzhong area. With the national integration, especially the southward migration of Central Plains people, advanced agricultural technologies and concepts spread to the south, which promoted the improvement of ancient agricultural level in China. It can be said that the origin and development of agriculture in China, the invention and creation of agricultural technology, and the system and concept of agriculture are closely related to Henan.
(5) Business culture
China Merchants, commerce and commercial culture originated in the Central Plains, which is the knowledge of archaeology and history. Since ancient times, the Central Plains has had a relatively conscious sense of business, which has produced many firsts in China's business culture. Wang Hai of Shang Dynasty is regarded as the originator of commerce, that is, he was the first person who used ox carts to pull goods far away to do business. Old Master Q, the first Confucian businessman, was born in Xun County, Henan Province. He is not only an official, but also good at getting rich in business. The first person who was enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings, Fan Li, who was called "Shang Sheng" by later generations, was a Nanyang person. After he helped Gou Jian, the King of Yue, destroy the State of Wu, he quietly retired and put his talents into business. The first patriotic businessman was Gao Xian from Xinzheng. On his way to do business, he was invaded by Qin Shihuang and retired from Qin Jun at the expense of his fifteen cows. In addition, the Central Plains has created many firsts in China's commerce. For example, the first batch of professional businessmen in the history of China was born in Luoyang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the first law promulgated by the government to protect the interests of businessmen was born in Xinzheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. The earliest tariff collection represented by "Chengmenqian" took place in Shangqiu in the Spring and Autumn Period. The first industrial businessman with strategic thoughts was Bai Gui in Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the first commercial theorist was Ji Ran in Shangqiu today. The earliest merchant litigation regulations occurred in Zheng State in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is today's Zhengzhou. The world's first truly international metropolis with a population of more than one million was Bianjing (now Kaifeng) in the Northern Song Dynasty, when the population reached 6.5438+0.5 million. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in Song Dynasty, is a true portrayal of this grand occasion, and London, one of the oldest and most developed cities in Europe, had only 50,000 people at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, the Kang Million family in Gongyi wrote a business myth that "the rich are no more than twelve generations and remain unbeaten for four hundred years". It can be seen that the commercial culture of the Central Plains occupies an important position in the cultural system of China.
(VI) Ideology and culture
Central Plains ideology and culture is the core of China's ideology and culture. Fuxi performed gossip in Huaiyang, Henan Province, and later Zhou Wenwang wrote The Book of Changes in Youlicheng Prison, Anyang, Henan Province, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Duke Zhou established a set of laws and regulations to educate interpersonal relationships in "The Rite and Music System-Luoyi". A hundred schools of thought contend mostly from Henan, and his activity area is mainly in Henan. Laozi and Zhuangzi are both Taoists and Henan people. They wrote the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, which have far-reaching influence in Henan. Confucius is a pioneer of Confucianism. Although he was born in Shandong, his ancestral home is Shangqiu, Henan, and the main activity area of Confucius' lecture lobbying is in the Central Plains. Han Fei, Shang Yang and Shen Buhai, the representatives of Legalism, are all from Henan. In addition, Mozi of Mohism, Su Qin Yi Cheung of the strategist, Wuqi of the strategist and Lv Buwei of the sage are all from Henan. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism was introduced into the Central Plains, spread to the whole country with Henan as the center, and quickly became an influential school of thought, and finally formed the core of China's ideological culture together with Confucianism and Taoism. Wang Chong, a native of Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Lun Heng, a masterpiece of materialist philosophy. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Fan Zhen, a native of Henan Province, systematically expounded atheism in The Theory of Deity Extinction, which is of great progressive significance. Shaolin monks combined Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into one, and created a far-reaching Zen Buddhism. Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty initiated by Luoyang people Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi pushed Confucianism to a new ideological peak and became the dominant thought since Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the whole, the Central Plains ideology and culture conveys a life philosophy of vigorous and enterprising, self-improvement and the golden mean, which not only contains the innovative and enterprising spirit of "upgrading", but also embodies the spiritual realm of friendliness and longing for peace. These thoughts and cultures have shaped the basic cultural form and character of the Chinese nation, enriched the spiritual treasure house of the Chinese nation and exerted a great influence on world culture.
(7) Science, technology and culture
The science and technology culture in the Central Plains is relatively developed, with the characteristics of extensive content, practical invention and creation, and historical development and inheritance. For example, the "Simuwu" Dafang Ding unearthed from Yin Ruins in Anyang is the largest and heaviest bronze ware ever discovered. Its smelting and casting technology not only reached the most advanced level of that era, but even modern people were amazed. The iron sword with bronze handle of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Sanmenxia is the earliest artificial iron smelting object in China, and is known as "the first sword in China". The iron smelting blast furnace of Han Dynasty discovered in Zhengzhou is the earliest oval blast furnace in the world. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Du Shifa, a native of Henan Province, invented the "water drainage" blasting technology, which was 1000 years earlier than that in Europe. Pottery and porcelain also first appeared in Henan. "Yangshao Painted Pottery" is exquisitely shaped, "Three Colors of Tang Dynasty" is well-known at home and abroad, and Jun porcelain is colorful, simple and elegant, which not only represents the highest level of porcelain-making technology in history, but also has high aesthetic and artistic value. As the saying goes, "a piece of Jun porcelain is not as rich as a family", which just illustrates this truth. Zhang Heng, the great historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, known as a "saint", invented the "seismograph" 0/700 years earlier than the West. The Huntington Theory founded by Ptolemy, a contemporary Greek astronomer, is much more advanced than the Cosmic Theory. In the Tang Dynasty, a monk and his party from Henan not only invented the earliest automatic timer in the world, but also put forward the view that "the stars move by themselves", which was earlier than the British astronomer Harley 1000 years. He and his colleagues made the first meridian measurement in the world, which became a milestone in the development of ancient astronomy. China's four great inventions were conceived and invented in the Central Plains.
(8) Chinese medicine culture
Central Plains medical culture is famous for its holistic treatment thought, multi-angle observation of pathology, unique treatment technology and harmonious medication, which is the essence of traditional culture and national quintessence. Huangdi was recognized as the founder of TCM by later generations, and Huangdi Neijing, which was compiled during the Warring States Period, is still a guiding medical work that TCM practitioners must read. Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, put forward the theory system of six meridians syndrome differentiation, which is the first classic monograph of traditional Chinese medicine in China, and is known as "the ancestor of China's medical prescriptions". There are 8 pieces of prescriptions11in the "Fangzidong" in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, which treat 37 kinds of diseases. These prescriptions are the earliest stone carving prescriptions in China. Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, had commercial medical bureau, imperial hospital, medical secret library, imperial medical bureau, Hanlin medical palace and other institutions, which were second to none at that time. The elaborate "Bronze Man of Acupuncture" placed in the "Medical Palace" has become a symbol of the birthplace of acupuncture medicine in the world. It can be said that the culture of Chinese medicine originated and developed in the Central Plains, where the masters of Chinese medicine gathered and the masterpieces of Chinese medicine were born.
(9) Poetry culture
Henan is the birthplace of China literature. China's earliest collection of essays, Shangshu, is a book compiled by historians of Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the Book of Songs, the first poetry collection in China, there are more than 100 works in Henan Province, accounting for more than one third of the total content. Lu Xun said that in the Qin Dynasty, only Li Si was a writer in Shangcai, Henan Province. During the Han and Wei dynasties, there was a saying that "Han and Wei articles were semi-Luoyang". Luo Yang Jia Yi initiated Sao Style Fu, and Zhang Heng's Erjing Fu was the best in Han Dynasty. Jia Yi and Chao Cuo pushed the political theory of the Western Han Dynasty to the peak. Ruan Yu and Yang Ying in the "Seven Children of Jian 'an" in Han and Wei Dynasties were both from Henan. Zuo Si's "Sandu Fu" is famous all over the world, leaving a story that "Luoyang paper is expensive". The hometown of Song Ci is Kaifeng, and the main position of "Liangyuan Literature" is Shangqiu, both of which have left many eternal songs. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Han nationality moved south, and the works of Central Plains literati, represented by Xie Lingyun's landscape poems and Jiang Yan's lyric poems, promoted the prosperity of Jiangnan literature. Among the three most famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, there are two in Henan. Poet Du Fu was born in Gongyi, Henan. His gloomy and frustrated style reflects the vicissitudes of an era, and his poems are known as "the history of poetry". Bai Juyi is a poet who perfectly combines realism and romanticism. He is from Xinzheng, Henan. His poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Travel" have become masterpieces that have been told for generations. Han Yu, a native of Mengzhou, "the decline of eight generations", ranked first among the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and reached the peak of China's prose. Cen Can, Liu Yuxi, Li He, Li Shangyin and other Henan people are among the famous poets for their outstanding literary achievements.
(10) Wushu culture
Wushu culture, also known as Kung Fu culture, is a distinctive feature of Central Plains culture. The Central Plains martial arts culture and technology is the best in the world, and China is spread by virtue. Shaolin Kungfu vividly shows the important position of Shaolin Wushu in China Wushu culture. The historical legend of "thirteen stick monks saved the Tang King" and the brilliant achievements in helping Qi Jiguang fight against the Japanese invaders made Shaolin Temple famous far and near, and became a place where Chinese martial arts gathered, spread and developed, making Shaolin a brand of China martial arts, as well as a brand of Central Plains culture and even Chinese culture. Tai Ji Chuan is another important school of China Wushu culture founded by Chen, a native of Chenjiagou, wen county, Henan. It is characterized by combining rigidity with softness, aiming at strengthening the body and cultivating sentiment. It has spread to five continents and become an important part of the lives of hundreds of millions of people.