1. Fire escape knowledge
Fire escape knowledge 1. What are the fire safety escape knowledge
Escape knowledge:
1. Be familiar with the environment and remember the exit secretly.
When you are in an unfamiliar environment, for your own safety, be sure to pay attention to the evacuation passages, safety exits, and stair directions, etc., so that you can escape the scene as soon as possible at critical moments.
2. The exit of the passage is unobstructed.
Stairs, passages, safety exits, etc. are the most important means of escape in the event of a fire. They should be kept clear and unobstructed. Do not pile up debris or set up gates and locks so that they can be passed safely and quickly in an emergency
3. Put out small fires and benefit others.
When a fire occurs, if it is found that the fire is not large and has not yet posed a great threat to people, efforts should be made to control the small fire when there are sufficient fire-fighting equipment around, such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, etc. , put it out; never scream and run around in panic, ignoring a small fire and causing a big disaster.
4. Do not run away when the fire has reached you.
If people at the fire scene find that their bodies are on fire, they must not run away or slap them with their hands. When your clothes are on fire, you should quickly take off your clothes or roll on the spot to extinguish the flames. It is more effective if you can jump into the water in time or have someone pour water on you or spray fire extinguisher.
Extended information
Fire-fighting common sense:
1. If you find a fire, call 119 immediately. When calling the police, you must state the detailed address, location of the fire, igniting materials, size of the fire, name and phone number of the person who called the police, and send someone to the intersection to greet the fire truck.
2. If the gas tank catches fire, cover it with soaked bedding, clothing, etc. to extinguish the fire, and quickly close the valve.
3. If a household appliance or circuit catches fire, you must first cut off the power supply, and then use dry powder or gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Do not directly pour water to extinguish the fire to prevent electric shock or electrical explosion and injury.
4. When fighting a fire, do not open doors and windows hastily to avoid air convection and accelerate the spread of the fire.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Fire Prevention
2. Fire safety self-rescue knowledge
1. Do not take the elevator in case of fire, but escape towards the safe exit.
2. When threatened by a fire, you must act immediately to put on soaked clothes, towels, etc. and rush out towards the emergency exit
3. When a fire strikes, escape quickly and do not be greedy. property.
4. When there is a fire outside and the door is hot, do not open the door to prevent the fire from jumping into the room. Use soaked bedding, clothing, etc. to block the cracks in the doors and windows, and splash water to cool down.
5. When escaping through thick smoke, keep your body as close to the ground as possible, or cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.
6. Never jump off a building blindly. You can use evacuation stairs, balconies, downpipes, etc. to escape and save yourself. You can also use ropes and fire to tear sheets and quilts into strips and connect them into ropes, which can only be tied to window frames or heaters. Wait for it to be on the fixed object, protect your palms with a towel, etc., and slide down the rope.
3. What are some tips for fire escape?
Generally speaking, when encountering a fire in a high-rise building, you should first prevent suffocation and poisoning and escape from the fire escape in time. If the fire is too strong, If there is a fire in the room, and the door has been blocked by the fire, and the people in the room cannot be evacuated smoothly, you can find another place to escape. Passage. If you move to an adjacent room that is not on fire through the balcony or corridor, then use the passage in this room to evacuate. When a fire breaks out and there is no way to escape, you can use the bathroom to evacuate. Because the bathroom has high humidity and low temperature, you can use the bathroom to evacuate. Splash water on the door and the ground to cool down. 2. If there is a fire outside the room and the fire is large, seal the door cracks with towels, quilts, etc., and keep watering up to cool down to prevent the intrusion of external flames and smoke. If you hear an alarm at night, you must first touch the door with the back of your hand. If it is hot, the door cannot be opened, otherwise smoke and fire will rush into the bedroom. If the door is not hot, the fire may not be big. It is possible to escape from the room through various means. If you encounter thick smoke in the stairwell or corridor, stop immediately and never try to rush out from the fireworks. 3. Cover your mouth with a wet towel and crawl forward. During the evacuation process, you should use a wet towel Or cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief to prevent inhalation of poisonous gas. Since too much smoke gathers in the upper space during a fire, do not walk upright when escaping. You should bend down or crawl forward. However, in case of liquefied petroleum gas or city gas fire, The crawling method should not be used. Because the temperature at the fire scene is very high, you can cover yourself with soaked quilts, blankets, etc. After determining the escape route, rush out of the fire scene as quickly as possible and reach a safe place. 4. Thousand Be careful not to use ordinary elevators to escape. High-rise buildings are prone to power outages after a fire. At this time, ordinary elevators may become "stuck", making evacuation ineffective and putting them in a more dangerous situation. People in the elevators may be engulfed by thick smoke at any time. The poisonous gas will cause choking and suffocation. 5. Do not jump off the building if you have to. If there is a fire on multiple floors and the smoke and fire on the stairs are particularly fierce, you can use ropes, fire hoses, or tear sheets to connect them into strips, and tie one end tightly to a solid door or window. Go up, and then slide down the rope. If the above self-rescue method is unconditionally adopted, and time is very tight, and fireworks are about to threaten your life, you can choose to jump off the building on a lower floor (such as the second floor) to escape. But you must first throw it to the ground Quilts, sofa cushions and other items to increase cushioning, and then slide down with your hands on the window sill to reduce the height of the jump and ensure that your feet land first.
4. What fire escape tips do you know?
1. If the escape route is blocked by fire, return indoors immediately and take self-rescue measures. Do not jump blindly.
2. When escaping through thick smoke, keep your body as close to the ground as possible and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel. 3. When reporting a fire, you should calmly and accurately state the fire area, street, house number or unit.
4. After a fire alarm is reported, special personnel should be dispatched to receive and guide the fire trucks at major intersections. 5. In case of sudden fire, you must escape quickly and do not be greedy for property.
6. Don’t panic when a fire breaks out. Please call the fire alarm number 119 immediately. 7. When reporting a fire alarm, leave the name and phone number of the caller and state the location of the fire.
8. When the evacuation passage is on fire but the fire is not large, you can put a soaked quilt or blanket on your body and rush out of the fire quickly and decisively. 9. When a fire strikes, never forget to take shelter on the roof, balcony or other places.
10. When passing through a fire scene, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel and do not shout to prevent smoke from entering the mouth. 11. If your body is on fire, don’t run around. Take off your coat quickly, fall to the ground and roll around.
12. In case of fire, help each other, and don’t ignore the elderly and children. 13. If there is a gas mask in the room where a fire breaks out, be sure to wear it on your head when escaping.
14. When the fire seals the door, do not blindly open the door to escape. Please seal the cracks in the door tightly, splash water to cool down, and call for help. 15. In the event of a fire, make full use of the spare life-saving descent devices, life-saving slides and ropes in the building or indoors to escape from the fire.
16. Ordinary elevators are not allowed at fire scenes. The smoke from the fire scene pours into the elevator passage and can easily form a chimney effect. People in the elevator may be choked by the thick smoke and poisonous gas at any time and suffocate.
17. If the oil pan catches fire, don’t panic. Find a lid and cover it quickly. If the oil pan catches fire, don’t panic. Find some vegetables and throw them into the pan. 18. If a liquefied gas tank or gas hose joint catches fire, cover it with soaked linen or clothing to extinguish the fire, and quickly close the valve.
19. If household appliances or wiring catch fire, cut off the power supply as soon as possible. 20. When fighting a fire, do not open windows hastily to avoid air convection and accelerate the spread of fire.
21. Water or foam fire extinguishers cannot be used to fight electrical fires that are in a live state. 22. If you find a gas leak, please open a window for ventilation first and never start a fire.
23. When leakage is found in the gas hose valve, do not use an open flame to check, but wipe it with thick soapy water. 24. Before fighting an electrical fire, please cut off the power supply first.
25. When an electrical fire occurs, please use dry powder or gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. Do not directly pour water to extinguish the fire to prevent electric shock or electrical explosion and injury.
5. Fire safety knowledge for primary school students (short)
1. Students are not allowed to play with fire and are not allowed to carry tinder with them: 1. They are not allowed to bring matches or lighters and other tinder; 2. They are not allowed to carry them with them at will. To light a fire, it is prohibited to use fire near flammable and explosive items; 3. Firecrackers are not allowed to be set off in public places, and ignited firecrackers are not allowed to be thrown around.
2. At the fire scene, primary school students and other minors must escape in an orderly manner: 1. If there is a refuge floor or evacuation stairs, they can first enter the refuge floor or evacuate to a safe place through the evacuation stairs. 2. If the floor is on fire but the stairs have not burned down and the fire is not very intense, you can put on clothes soaked in water and rush downstairs quickly.
3. In the event of a fire in a multi-story building, if the stairs have been burned out or the fire is quite intense, you can use the balcony, downpipe or bamboo poles of the house to escape. 4. If various escape routes are cut off, retreat indoors and close doors and windows.
If possible, water the doors and windows to slow the spread of the fire. At the same time, small objects can be thrown outdoors, and a flashlight can be used to send out a distress signal at night.
5. If your life is seriously threatened and there is no other way to save yourself, you can use ropes or sheets to tear into strips and connect them. Tie one end tightly to a solid door window pane or other heavy object, and then The rope or strip of cloth slides down. 6. If the above self-rescue measures are unconditionally adopted, time is very tight, and the threat of fireworks is serious, and you are forced to jump from the building, you can first throw some quilts and other objects to the ground to increase the buffer, and then hold the window sill and slide down to reduce the risk of jumping. height and make sure your feet hit the ground first.
7. Carry forward the spirit of mutual assistance and help the elderly, children, and patients to evacuate first. Those with limited mobility can be wrapped with quilts, blankets, etc., and hung up with ropes and strips of cloth.
3. Fire prevention in student dormitories Fire safety in student dormitories should be strictly followed (1) Do not connect wires indiscriminately; (2) Do not lie in bed smoking or throwing cigarette butts; (3) It is not allowed to occupy or block evacuation passages; (4) It is not allowed to burn debris in the building (5) It is not allowed to bring flammable and explosive items into the building; (6) It is not allowed to use electric heating equipment such as "heat fast" (7) It is not allowed to use open flame appliances such as alcohol stoves; (8) It is not allowed to change the power supply equipment without authorization; (9) It is not allowed to leave the dormitory without turning off the power supply; (10) It is not allowed to damage fire extinguishers and fire-fighting facilities. 4. What should you do as soon as you discover a fire? If you find a fire, you should shout loudly, or hit the basin, aluminum pot and other things that can make noise, call more people to participate in putting out the fire, and quickly dial "119" to call the fire department.
Pay attention to the following details when dialing "119": 1. "119" fire alarm number (preferably a landline), be calm and calm, and then dial the 119 number after hearing the dial tone. 2. After the call is connected, the address of the fire (including the name of the road, street, alley, and house number) should be clearly stated.
3. Explain as clearly as possible what material caught fire, the scope of the fire, and the number of people trapped. 4. Answer the questions from the "ll9" switchboard communication staff calmly.
5. After hanging up the phone, someone should be sent to greet the fire truck at the intersection. 5. Three elements of fire-fighting 1. Fight the fire with the wind to prevent being burned by the fire.
2. Extinguishing fire at the root has the most complete effect. 3. Put out the fire 2-3 meters away from the roots, the best distance.
The effective distance of the fire extinguisher is only 4.5 meters. 6. How to use a portable dry powder fire extinguisher 1. Place the fire extinguisher on the ground, hold the bottle neck with your left hand, hook the safety pin with your right index finger, and pull gently.
Do not hold the handle with your left hand. 2. Pick up the cylinder, hold the bottom of the bottle with your left hand, and squeeze the handle with your right hand.
3. When extinguishing a fire, the cylinder should be tilted downward at 45 degrees. 4. If the pointer of the cylinder pressure gauge points to the red *** area, it means that the fire extinguisher is invalid. If it points to the yellow or green *** area, it can be used normally.
7. Which material fires cannot be extinguished by water? 1. Alkali metals cannot be extinguished with water. Because the interaction between water and alkali metals (such as metal potassium and sodium) can cause water to decompose to generate hydrogen gas and release a large amount of heat, which can easily cause an explosion.
2. Alkali carbonization and alkali hydride cannot be extinguished with water, such as potassium carbide, sodium carbide, aluminum carbide and calcium carbide, as well as potassium hydride and magnesium chloride, which can react chemically when exposed to water and release a large amount of heat. May cause fire and explosion. 3. In principle, flammable liquids that are lighter than water and insoluble in water should not be put out with water.
4. Molten molten iron and molten steel cannot be extinguished with water. Because the temperature of molten iron and molten steel is about 1600°C, water vapor can decompose into hydrogen and oxygen when it is above 1000°C, which may cause an explosion hazard.
5. Three acids (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid) cannot be extinguished with strong water flow. If necessary, spray water can be used to extinguish them. 6. Fires in high-voltage electrical installations generally cannot be put out with water if there is no good grounding equipment or the current is not cut off.
8. The "three rescues" principles that should be followed when a fire occurs 1. Smoke prevention. Use 3-8 layers of wet towels to cover your mouth and nose (can only protect you for 3-5 minutes). If you have no conditions, you can sprinkle urine on your clothes to prevent smoke.
2. Grasp the direction to escape. In the event of a fire, it is the most ideal choice to use stairs, evacuation passages, and open stairs where the smoke is not thick or the fire has not yet burned.
However, when you are out of sight or the environment is unfamiliar, quickly crawl from the ground to find the wall, follow the wall to find the door (either clockwise or counterclockwise), and escape through the door. 3. Escape with the help of tools. For fires below the third floor, ropes (or long straps made by tearing window panes and sheets into thick strips) should be used promptly and tied tightly to water pipes or heating pipes that can carry the load. The other end of the object should be lowered from the window to the ground or a balcony on a lower floor, and then slide down the rope to escape the fire.
Fire hydrants can be used to escape from fires on the 4th and 6th floors. 9. The specific content of the "Seventy-two-character formula" for fire escape: Be familiar with the environment and make it easy to find the exit; if you find a fire, call the police early; stay calm and escape in an orderly manner; use simple protection, crawl and bend down; enter the elevator with caution and take the corridor instead; Descend slowly and escape without waiting; don't run away when the fire reaches you; stay tight when trapped indoors; don't be greedy or make trouble when escaping from a dangerous place.
6. What are the common sense of fire safety?
Article 1
Consciously maintain public fire safety. If you find a fire, dial 119 quickly. The fire brigade There is no charge for fighting fires.
Article 2
If you discover fire hazards or fire safety violations, you can call 96119 and report to the local public security and fire department.
Article 3
Do not bury, occupy, damage, misappropriate or block fire-fighting facilities and equipment.
Article 4
Do not carry flammable and explosive dangerous goods into public places or take public transportation.
Article 5
Do not use open flames or smoke in places where fireworks are strictly prohibited.
Article 6
Purchase qualified fireworks and firecrackers, comply with safety regulations when setting off, and pay attention to fire safety.
Article 7
Families and units should be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment and master the correct methods of use.
Article 8
Every family should formulate a fire safety plan, draw an escape and evacuation route map, and promptly check and eliminate fire hazards.
Article 9
Inflammable materials should not be used in interior decoration.
Article 10
Use electrical equipment correctly, do not connect power cords indiscriminately, do not overload electricity, replace aging electrical equipment and lines in a timely manner, and turn off the power switch when going out.
Article 11
Use gas facilities and appliances correctly and check them frequently. If you find gas leaks, quickly close valves, open doors and windows, and do not touch electrical switches or use open flames.
Article 12
Educate children not to play with fire and keep lighters and matches out of the reach of children.
Article 13
Do not occupy, block or close safety exits, evacuation passages and fire truck passages, and do not set up obstacles that hinder the passage of fire trucks and fire fighting.
Article 14
Do not lie on the bed or sofa and smoke, and do not throw cigarette butts around.
Article 15
Schools and units shall organize regular escape and evacuation drills.
Article 16
When entering a public place, pay attention to safety exits and evacuation passages, and remember the evacuation direction.
Article 17
When encountering a fire, be calm and calm, escape quickly and correctly, do not be greedy for property, do not take the elevator, and do not blindly jump off the building.
Article 18
When you must escape through thick smoke, try to protect your head and body with soaked clothes, cover your mouth and nose, and bend down to move forward in a low posture.
Article 19
If your body is on fire, you can roll on the spot or cover it with heavy clothes to extinguish the flames.
Article 20
When a fire seals the door and it is impossible to escape, you can use soaked towels, clothes, etc. to block the cracks in the door and send out a distress signal to wait for rescue.
7. Common sense on escaping in the event of a fire
Crawling on the ground Be careful to prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation.
The general practice is to cover your nose with a wet towel or a mask. When the smoke is thick, you should crawl as close to the ground as possible to evacuate.
Leave the room first. When opening the door, touch the door with the back of your hand to see if it is hot. If the door is already hot, do not open it, otherwise smoke and fire will rush into the room; if the door is not hot, the fire may not be large, so be sure to close the door after leaving the room.
Go down the stairs. Generally, buildings have more than two escape stairs. When there is a fire in a high-rise building, you should run down as far as possible. Even if the stairs are blocked by flames, use wet quilts as cover and rush out quickly.
Don’t take the elevator. Never take an ordinary elevator to escape. The power supply system of high-rise buildings will be cut off at any time during a fire. If you take an ordinary elevator, you will be trapped inside, which directly threatens people's lives.
Try to be as exposed as possible. When it is temporarily impossible to escape, do not hide in places such as the attic or closet. You should try to stay on balconies, windows and other places where people can easily find you.
Put out the flames. Once your body is on fire and there is no water or fire extinguisher at hand, do not run or fight with your hands. You must immediately take off your clothes or roll on the spot to put out the flames. When firefighters enter a room, they always grope along the wall. Therefore, when they are suffocated by smoke and lose the ability to save themselves, they should try to roll toward the wall or the door.