the Huizhou architectural format of the gatehouse. The gates of Huizhou buildings are all equipped with gatehouses (the smaller ones are called door covers), whose main function is to prevent rainwater from splashing down the wall on the doors. Generally, the door cover of a farmer's house is relatively simple. At a position a little away from the upper part of the door frame, the eaves and feet protruding outwards are built with water mill bricks, covered with tiles on the top, and some simple decorations are carved. The gate house of the rich family is very particular, and there are many brick carvings or stone carvings. The fifth floor of Jinshi Gate House in Yansi Town, Huizhou District, with three four columns, was built in imitation of the Ming Dynasty memorial archway, and was made of bluestone and water mill bricks. The gate house was carved with double lions playing ball horizontally, with vivid image and exquisite knife work. There were huge drum-hugging stones on both sides of the column, which was elegant and luxurious. In the gatehouse of a residential building in Yuliang Town, Shexian County, there is a brick carving "Hundred Children's Pictures" between two horizontal purlins. The hundreds of playing children carved at the picture level are different in form and vivid in charm. The gatehouse is the face of the house and a symbol of the owner's status.
the structural mode of the hall-style Huizhou architecture. Also known as back to the hall. The hall is located at the back of the hall, which is closely connected with the hall and is a transitional building for the hall to enter the inner room. Most of them are wooden floors, and the three rooms are opposite to the hall, and the entrance is entered by the doors on both sides of the front screen of the hall. One hall, two rooms. The hall is smaller than the formal three rooms, with patio lighting.
hall-style Huizhou architectural structure. The hall is a bright hall, with three rooms open and closed by movable partitions, which is convenient for use in winter. There are two corridors in the general hall, facing the patio. There are also screen doors in the middle of the population, which enter and exit from both sides of the screen door every day. In case of courtesy activities, they enter and exit from the middle door of the screen door. The variation of the hall sometimes has a side door population, a guest room is set under the patio to entertain visitors, or a two-wing room is set up by the main entrance population. Hall is mainly used for ceremonial activities in Huizhou residence, such as welcoming VIPs and handling wedding and funeral gifts. It is also a place for daily activities and is the main part of the whole residence.
the architectural format of kiss emblem school on the roof. Refers to the large-scale crest kiss decoration of Huizhou school. Huizhou ancient ci-tang, temple, mansion and other large-scale buildings follow the official practice of the Song Construction Law, and adopt a large roof ridge kiss, including a frontal kiss, a crouching ridge kiss, a hanging ridge kiss, a horned beast, and a set of beasts. Modeling is different from official practice, which belongs to Huizhou school. And the origin is accompanied by many interesting legends. Kissing: pointing to the two ends of the ridge and holding the roof. Aoyu (arowana) has a relatively primitive origin. It is said that the "Bailiang Hall" was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and suffered from fire. The alchemist said: "There are fish in the South China Sea, and the water is pure. It rains in the waves and kisses the temple to calm the fire." The positive kiss is thus produced and passed down. Another example is the vertical spine kiss: a figure ornament located at the head of the same vertical spine is called "immortal". There are different opinions about which immortal it refers to. People often say that Dagong Jiang is here to "kill demons and catch special things". It is also pointed out that "Dayu" was afraid that there would be too many reef fish on the roof, and that the reef fish would turn over and flood easily, so it must be restricted, so Yu Wang was asked to guard it. It is also said that it is the Hercules "Erlang God" who split the mountain to save his mother, and the beast on his spine is the "roaring dog", which also means that Erlang God catches evil spirits in this town. All kinds of statements are all about protecting peace and expressing endless happiness.
the Huizhou architectural format of Feilai Chair. An elegant name for setting armchairs around the patio upstairs of Huizhou residential buildings. See [Beauty Depends ].
The structural mode of Huizhou architecture with high walls and deep houses. There are many ancient houses in Huizhou, which are surrounded by high walls, which are called "bank up Wall". From a distance, they look like ancient castles. Except for the gate, only a few small windows are opened in the houses, and the lighting mainly depends on the patio. This kind of dwelling house is often very deep, with a vestibule at the entrance, a patio in the middle and a hall at the back, where people generally live. The hall is separated by a middle door, and there is a two-bedroom hall. Behind the hall is another bank up wall, with a patio against the wall and wings on both sides. This is the first entry. The structure of the second entrance is a ridge divided into two halls, two days before and after the well, with partitions, four bedrooms and two halls. The third entry, the fourth entry or more entries in the future have roughly the same structure. This kind of deep house is inhabited by a family. With the reproduction of children and grandchildren, houses will be built one by one, so the big house has the saying of "36 patios and 72 sill windows". Generally, one branch is tied and one enters. As soon as the door is closed, each household will live independently; As soon as the door opened, a gate came in and out, and an ancestor made a sacrifice. It vividly embodies the folk custom of living in Huizhou in ancient times. This kind of building with high walls and deep houses is rare in China.
lattice window Huizhou architectural format. The cloister around the courtyard of Huizhou residential houses adopts wooden lattice windows to separate the space, which has the functions of lighting, ventilation, dust prevention, heat preservation, and division of indoor and outdoor space. The lattice window consists of outer frame material, strip ring plate, skirt plate and lattice core strip. The main forms are square (square, square, oblique square, mat pattern, etc.), round (round mirror, crescent moon, ancient coins, fan face, etc.), glyph (cross, sub-character, Tian Zi, I-character, etc.) and assorted (flowers, animals, utensils, totems, etc.). The lattice window patterns often use metaphors and homophones to express auspicious meanings. For example, "peace and happiness" is expressed by homophones composed of vases and wishful patterns; "both longevity and longevity" are represented by longevity peaches and bergamot patterns; "Four Seasons Peace" means putting Chinese rose flowers on a vase; The combination of ears of grain, bees and lanterns is used for "bumper harvest of grains"; "Fu Lushou" is represented by bats, deer and peaches. The lattice window also uses veiled silk, colored paper, bamboo curtains and other methods to increase indoor light transmission.
Huizhou architecture with three unique ancient buildings is well-known. Refers to the ancient poetry hall, ancient dwellings and ancient archways, which are the most outstanding representatives of artistic achievements in Huizhou ancient architecture.
Huizhou architectural format of street building. Also known as "arcade", it is usually built over the street outside the main hall, relying on the walls of houses on both sides of the street or lane, and it is quite elegant to lay floors with wooden frames. The building is generally about 2 meters high, 3-5 meters long and 4-5 meters wide. On both sides of the longitudinal street, the brick wall in the lower half of the building is built on the floor, and the upper half is a removable trough plate. The street-crossing building belongs to the affiliated building of the big house in shape, which plays a role in embellishing the group. During weddings and funerals, the upper wallboard of the crossing street is removed, and the trumpet drummer stands upstairs to play music. In the house, the owner can learn the identity of the guests and determine the greeting etiquette according to the different music cards played on the crossing street.
Huizhou architectural format in Huoxiang. Generally set in a larger residence, spacious and deep. Its function is mainly fire prevention, so it is called fire lane. Also used as a living room passage. In the old days, ladies of rich families had to take a sedan chair when they went out, but they could not get up and down outside the gate. The fire lane became a place for harem to get up and down the sedan chair. When going out, the bearers will lift the sedan chair at two o'clock and carry it out of the gate, then they can shoulder it and return, and vice versa.
Huizhou architectural format of upstairs hall. In ancient Huizhou, the rainfall was abundant, the climate was humid, and there were few people and high mountains. In order to prevent the gas from burning in the mountains, people took the upstairs as their daily main habitat. Therefore, the upstairs hall is particularly spacious, with not only bedrooms, halls and wing rooms, but also a beauty chair along the patio. The design is exquisite and beautiful, which is quite artistic. The upstairs hall retains the pattern of "dry column" architecture of the ancient Shanyue people.
the architectural format of Huizhou style in Ma Tou Wall. Refers to the wall above the roof of two gables. In order to meet the needs of intensive fire prevention and wind prevention of village houses, the old buildings in Huizhou were built with the "bank up Wall" which was higher than the roof at the top of the two gables of residential houses. Because it was shaped like a horse's head, it was called the "Horse's Head Wall". Its structure: it was layered with the slope of the roof, and the length of the slope was set as several steps. Three-line eaves tiles were selected at the top of the wall, covered with small blue tiles, and a fan board (golden flower board) was installed at the top of each pile head. It is equipped with various Soviet-style "seat heads", including "magpie tail style", "printing bucket style" and "sitting kiss style". Magpie tail type "is to carve a brick like a magpie tail as the seat head." The bucket-printing method is that the brick shaped like a square bucket with the word "Tian" is fired from the kiln, but there are two ways to handle the bucket-printing support: sitting and picking. Sit-and-kiss type "is a kind of" kissing beast "component burned by kiln, which is installed on the head of the seat. There are common mammals such as feeding chickens, anchovies and tengu.
Beauty depends on Huizhou architectural format. An elegant name for setting armchairs around the patio upstairs of Huizhou residential buildings. Ancient houses in Huizhou often take the upper floor as the main place for daily habitation and activities. Ancient women could not go downstairs easily, so they could only lean on the chairs around the patio and look out at the outside world, or peek at the entertainment that was greeted downstairs, so they called this chair "Beauty Lean". The backrest of this chair protrudes beyond the railings around the patio and is suspended in the air, so it is also called "Flying Chair".
Four-in-one Huizhou architectural structure. It is a combination of two groups of three types, which can be divided into two types: big four-in-one and small four-in-one The upper hall of the senior four is opposite to the lower hall, with a large patio in the middle. The upper hall is a three-room type with a high floor, which is the main hall; The lower hall is also a three-room type, with a slightly shallow depth and a lower floor than the upper hall. The upper and lower sides are connected by wing rooms, with movable partitions. Some stairwells are located in the wing, and some are not behind the upper hall, and then there is a wing and a small patio. The small four-in-one upper hall is the same as the large four-in-one hall, while the lower hall is a bungalow with small area and deep entrance. Generally, the middle hall can't form the lower hall, but only serves as a passage, with two rooms for living, a small patio and stairs behind the upper hall.
courtyard Huizhou architectural format. Except for a few "dark three rooms", most houses in Huizhou have no "patios". The patios of three houses are located in front of the hall, and the patios of four houses are located in the hall. This design makes the room full of light and air circulation, but it is cold in winter and wet in rainy days. The design of the patio has a lot to do with Huizhou's business tradition. Business people are afraid of the outflow of financial resources, but the patio can prevent the rainwater on the front ridge of the house from flowing out of the house and be incorporated into the patio. It is called "Four waters come to the hall" or "Four waters return to the Ming hall", which is a good luck for money not to flow out.
building materials of Huizhou school in Xiaoqingwa. Divided into board tile, drip tile, ditch tile, flower tile and other varieties. Slab tiles are used for large-area coverage and can be laid into two shapes: bottom tiles and cover tiles to facilitate drainage. The bottom tile (trench tile) is stacked on the roof tile with a small head along the mouth and a concave surface facing upwards, and the cover tile is covered between the two trench tiles with a convex surface facing upwards in the opposite direction to the bottom tile. Drip tile is to add a "wishful" drip lip on the head of a ditch tile, which forms a 3-degree inclined plane with the ditch tile, which is convenient for throwing rainwater further. Goutou tile, also known as cat's head tile, is painted with a cat's head pattern, which is used in the front of the tile and forms a 9-degree angle with the tile to seal two furrows and ridges to prevent rats and birds from making nests in the ridges. The flower-head tile is a convex surface of a cover tile with a fan-shaped edge with sawtooth pattern, which is covered on the overlapping ditch-head tile. The roof and the roof of the wind-fire wall are also built with slab tiles to build "ridge ribs" and "panlong", on which vertical tile ridges or short tile ridges are densely stood.
the architectural custom of fish-scale tile Huizhou school. The roofs of the two slopes of Huizhou architecture are covered with small green tiles like fish scales, commonly known as "fish scale tiles". Fish scale tiles make the roofs appear row after row, which is a typical tiling method in Huizhou.
zhaobi, an independent wall outside or inside the traditional building in China, is a unique architectural form influenced by geomantic consciousness. Also known as screen wall or screen wall. Feng shui pays attention to guiding qi, but qi can't go straight to the hall or bedroom, otherwise it will be unlucky. The way to avoid air rush is to build a wall in front of the door or the door. In order to keep "smooth air", this wall can't be closed, so the building form of facing the wall is formed. No matter whether it is located outside or inside the door, the zhaobi has the function of wind protection and shielding the line of sight. If there is decoration on the wall (such as the Kowloon Wall), it will have a scenic effect. Huizhou folk belief that ghosts walk straight and their feet don't touch the ground, so the wall can block ghosts and ward off evil spirits, and block the wind and collect gas. Huizhou's slightly larger ancient buildings are all equipped with zhaobi.