Drilling operation is an important link in drilling production, and the completion of oil and gas wells is mainly realized by drilling. The drilling speed and quality are closely related to the driller's quality and operation level.
In the process of drilling, we often encounter complicated downhole conditions, and a little carelessness may lead to downhole accidents, resulting in huge losses, which in turn threatens the safety of people on the ground. Therefore, the driller is required to operate strictly according to the drilling parameters, concentrate on operating the brake handle, feed the drilling evenly, pay attention to the changes of the weight indicator and the pump pressure gauge at any time, and accurately judge the downhole situation in time to prevent drilling sticking and sudden drilling accidents.
The obvious difference between drilling and tripping is that the mud pump works when drilling, and the mud circulates in the pipeline, and the mud pressure is generally between 15 MPa -20 MPa. Therefore, before starting the pump, it is necessary to check the direction of the relief pipe of the safety valve near the high pressure manifold and whether there are people or other obstacles near the transmission part. The pump can only be started after people leave or obstacles are cleared.
[Accident case] A drilling crew was blocked at the outlet of the mud pump, which caused the pump pressure to rise, the safety pin was cut off, the pressure relief pipeline cracked, and the pressure relief pipeline turned, hitting the head of the assistant driller who maintained another pump, and died after being rescued. During normal maintenance and repair of equipment, the power supply must be cut off, and non-maintenance personnel are not allowed to pull the handle without authorization, so as to avoid personal accidents and mechanical accidents caused by misoperation.
Mesh steel plates must be laid on the mud tank to prevent slipping, and protective railings must be installed around and inside the walkway.
2. What is the little knowledge of drilling engineering?
The drilling machine fails for various reasons, some may be due to the weather, and some may be improper use by the operator. What is the cause of the rig failure? Here, the causes and treatment methods of drilling rig failure are introduced by Qingyuanquan Geotechnical Engineering of Wuhan Drilling Company.
First, when drilling, the drill bit falls off the column and the drill pipe beats rhythmically, which may be an alloy column. If it is confirmed, it will be blown out by strong blowing, and it can be taken out if it cannot be blown out. If there is a fault in the hole, the alloy column cannot be taken out, and if there is a broken zone, a new drill bit can only be used to continue drilling.
Second, the pneumatic motor must be lubricated before use. When the pneumatic motor is connected to the rubber hose, be sure to pay attention to the firm connection, clean the rubber hose before connection, then open the pipeline for a few seconds before connection, and blow with compressed air. If the wind motor is not in a normal cloud shape, it is necessary to stop working in time and carry out maintenance in time. During maintenance, be careful not to disassemble and unload on the working face.
Thirdly, the reason why the impactor doesn't sound is that the exhaust hole is blocked by rock powder or the cutting piece is broken. After the drill bit is broken, the slag enters the barrel and blocks the hammer body. Or when drilling, there is more water in the hole and the gas cannot be discharged, which leads to the slow start of the impactor.
At this time, it is necessary to lift the impactor, let out the air, and then slowly drill in.
3. What are the precautions for drilling technology?
Drum.
Tapered drilling tools are used to rotate and cut soil layers. According to the size of drilling tools, they are called big cone and small cone respectively, which can be driven by manpower or power.
The cut soil chips fall into the tank and are lifted to the ground to be discharged. Simple structure and low efficiency, suitable for general soil layer or sandy pebble soil layer.
The drilling depth of small cone is 80 ~ 100 m, and the drilling depth of large cone is 30 ~ 40 m. Circulating mud rotary drilling rig for well washing.
It consists of tower, hoist, turntable, drilling tool, mud pump, faucet and motor. When working, the power machine drives the turntable through the transmission device, drives the drill rod to drive the drill bit to rotate, and breaks the rock stratum.
There is a positive and negative cycle mode. When the positive circulation drilling rig is working, the cuttings at the bottom of the well are taken out of the wellhead through the annular channel outside the drill pipe, and the mud is precipitated in the sedimentation tank and then flows back to the mud pool for recycling.
When the reverse circulation drilling rig works, the mud flows into the bottom of the well from the wellhead after settling in the sedimentation tank, and the mud carrying cuttings is pumped out of the well by the sand pump through the nozzle of the drill bit and the inner cavity of the drill pipe, and then sinks back into the sedimentation tank. The drilling rig forms a higher rising speed in the drill pipe, has a stronger ability to discharge cuttings and pebbles, and has a higher penetration rate. Suitable for soil layer, sand layer and loose stratum with pebble diameter less than the inner diameter of drill pipe.
4. What are the precautions for drilling wells?
The method of geomantic omen takes water as the first priority, and the utilization and development of wells is an important symbol for human beings to transform nature and further expand their living space.
Now tap water is used everywhere except in remote areas, and wells are not as important as before. However, water wells are still used in some rural areas, and water wells are also dug in urban villas for standby. As for the good or ill luck of the well, it depends on the soil quality, water quality, orientation and surrounding environment.
Well is the water source of residence, which is related to the good or bad luck of a family and a village. Therefore, it is very particular, and there are many advantages and disadvantages: General description: drilling wells can be placed outside the yard. If the house has no fence, it is the best choice to put it outside the building; If there is a fence, you can put it in the fence, but it must be placed in the direction of prosperity, otherwise if it is inside the house, someone in the main family will drown; There are many evil spirits in this well. If you hit the right direction and time, it will make the family prosperous, but if you don't hit it right, it will be harmful to the family! In our Feng Shui master's view, the well is second only to the Yin House. 1. From the azimuth point of view, the house located in Baihu Square or Wang Sheng Square is suitable. If it is a well in the village, it should not be too far away from the village, which is easy to cause inconvenience in life. Avoid being right or facing the door of the house, and the house is the same as the dragon. 2, the soil should be clean, to avoid garbage or harmful substances pollution of well water, it is best to specialized agencies to test the water quality.
3. The well should not be too deep, avoid being flush with the ground, and should be higher than the ground. It is best to have a brick block and a cover to prevent dirt from falling in, which makes people feel more secure. 4. Abandoned old wells should be "closed" and filled with auspicious yellow new soil.
5, well water five acts Yin, the stove is Yang, avoid the opposition of Yin and Yang, it is not appropriate to look at the well directly in the kitchen. 6, the well should not be on the polluted water level, nor should it be close to toilets, ditches and garbage dumps.
7. There are big trees by the well, but it's not bad to plant some bamboo, persimmon and wolfberry. 8. Digging wells should be carried out during sunny days from winter solstice to summer solstice, avoiding cloudy days from summer solstice to winter solstice.
9. Well water near heavy metal mines such as lead-sulfur hot springs is not suitable for drinking. 10, the shape of the well should be square, round and gossip, which means golden water.
For details, please click East China Feng Shui. com。
As the safety officer of the drilling team, you need to learn this safety knowledge.
Job responsibilities of safety officer 1. Under the leadership of the project manager, be fully responsible for supervising the implementation of safety measures in the construction organization design, and make safety technical disclosure to the operation team.
Second, check the construction site safety protection, underground pipelines, scaffolding safety, mechanical facilities, electrical wiring, storage waterproof and so on are in good condition. Comply with safety regulations and standards. If unsafe hidden dangers are found in the construction site, improvement measures should be put forward in time, and the improved facilities should be inspected and accepted.
For those who do not improve, put forward disposal opinions and report them to the project leader for handling. Three, correctly fill in the construction site safety measures to check the safety production report, and put forward opinions on the safety production analysis report on a regular basis.
Fourth, deal with general safety accidents. Five, in accordance with the provisions of the registration, statistics and analysis of industrial accidents.
Six, with the construction team and individual safety discipline agreement. Seven, at any time to supervise, inspect and guide the safety of the construction site, and make safety inspection records.
Conduct safety education and punishment for teams and individuals who do not meet safety standards, and promptly order rectification. Eight, in the safety inspection work is not in-depth, not careful, do not put forward opinions on the existing problems and do not report to the superior, resulting in accidents, should bear all the responsibilities and consequences.
6. What is the drilling method?
When the workers set up the rig, the drilling process began.
First, from the initial wellhead, a surface wellhead should be drilled to a predetermined depth, that is, a certain position above the expected oil trap. When drilling the wellhead on the ground, the following five steps are needed.
A thief is lucky with a diamond ring. (2) Connect the transmission drill pipe with the rotary table and start drilling.
(3) During drilling, mud flows out of the drill bit through the pipeline, and rock fragments are also taken out of the well. (4) When the well is drilled deeper and deeper, install new parts (joints) on the drill pipe.
(5) After reaching a predetermined depth (from several hundred meters to several thousand meters), take out the drill bit, drill collar and drill pipe. When the drilling reaches a predetermined depth, workers should run the casing into the well to prevent the wellhead from collapsing (this process is called "casing running and cementing").
The positioning grid is installed on the periphery of the casing so that the casing can be located in the center of the well. The worker in charge of casing running puts the casing into the well.
Workers in charge of cementing use bottom die plug, cement slurry, rubber plug and drilling mud to pump cement into casing. Under the pressure of drilling mud, the cement slurry flows through the casing, sealing the space between the outer side of the casing and the wellhead.
Finally, after the cement is cooled, its hardness, calibration and sealing degree are tested. The next drilling operation is as follows.
Workers continue drilling, conduct a new round of casing running and cementing, and then continue drilling. When oil sands in oil-bearing layers appear in rock fragments in mud, the exploration of oil wells may reach the expected depth.
At this point, the workers removed the drilling and production equipment from the well, and then conducted the following tests to further determine the expected depth. Logging: put electronic sensors and gas sensors into the well to detect the composition of the rock stratum in the well.
Drill pipe test: put pressure detection equipment into the well to detect whether the oil reservoir has been excavated. Rock sampling: sampling rocks to detect the characteristics of oil-bearing strata.
If the expected depth is reached, the workers will continue to work on the oil well to make the crude oil flow into the casing as planned. First, workers put the perforating gun into the oil producing layer in the well.
Perforating gun can ignite explosives, drill holes in casing, and make crude oil flow out along these holes. Perforated casing becomes the pipeline for oil and gas to flow out of the oil well.
There is a device called "packer" outside the pipeline. The packer is installed on the oil producing layer and can extend out of the pipeline to form an isolation layer.