1. The route of the Beijing quadrangle
Answer: The main house of the Beijing quadrangle (the main house of the Beijing quadrangle is not called the main house, but the main house) should be on the north side of the quadrangle, facing south, east and west. To the five tile-roofed houses.
The east and west sides of the main hall are called wing rooms, the east side is called east wing room, and the west side is called west wing room.
The main house is usually occupied by family elders, the east wing is usually occupied by sons, and the west wing is usually occupied by unmarried daughters.
2. Where are the courtyard houses in Beijing?
Within the Second Ring Road, they are mainly distributed in Dongcheng, Xicheng, Xuanwu and Chongwen districts. Now all the courtyards have been protected, and 25 key protected areas have been divided, mainly around Shichahai, Dianmen, Jingshan, Dongsi and Xisi.
3. How to get to the Beijing Siheyuan
First of all, the Beijing Siheyuan architecture strictly conforms to the traditional Chinese Feng Shui, and the traditional Chinese Feng Shui is summarized based on the laws of natural operation, so the Siheyuan The living standards also come from this.
In the north, the middle hall is generally the living room for entertaining guests, and the northwest hall is where the head of the family lives. It could also be where the father lives, or where the eldest man lives, as the north is where water, kidneys and the strongest man or head of the family live. And Northeast Gen is the beginning of Qi, the end of mountains, and the end of meaning, which is the beginning of growth. Therefore, children, toddlers, or nannies from the Northeast usually get rooms, and the Northeast also has side rooms.
In the east, when the sun rises in the east, it is the main source of hair growth. Men live in the East Palace, and there is also an eldest son, the so-called Prince of the East Palace. Therefore, the middle-aged men in the East are the most active and youthful, while the second men in the southeast are the second men and generally live in the second women. The second daughter, Dongnan Wenchang, usually grows a big tree and has many courtyard doors in the southeast.
In the south, the south broke away from Suzaku's position. If the door of the courtyard does not open to the south, the eldest daughter will live in the south, and the general guest rooms are also located in the south. To the southwest is Wei Kun, usually the mother's mansion. But usually the mother will live with the father in Northwest Post. If the father dies, the mother will stay in Southwest Post and the eldest son will stay in Northwest Post. Grandma and visitors will also stay, and the head of the family will be that.
The west, the west is the place where the Lord converges, frightens, and returns in the morning glow, the so-called West Palace Empress. In a courtyard house, if the owner has several daughters-in-law, usually the wife will stay in the west, and my concubine will live in the southwest wing. If the wife lives with the owner in the northwest and has no concubines, the second or third daughter will stay in the west.
4. Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide
I once lived in a Beijing Siheyuan for a period of time because of my love for culture. I walked around the streets to interpret and discover the unique features of Beijing’s courtyard houses. The courtyard houses in Beijing are so scattered and crowded together that the alleys in the middle become non-characters.
Every day, when I walk through Fei Alley, I will find the former residences of celebrities, princesses, Qi Baishi, etc., all within a few steps. To talk about the appearance of Beijing's courtyard houses, they are different from other courtyard houses. That is to say, the American courtyard houses in Beijing are made of red, blue and green, and the colors look very suitable. Compared with Suzhou's Siheyuan, the internal structure of the Siheyuan seems simple but not complicated in details, but most of them are cultural celebrities, so Beijing can be called the imperial city with the richest cultural details.
Walking in the alleys of Beijing and admiring the ancient ruins, you will feel that Chinese culture is profound, not just simple on the outside.
Current location Beijing’s courtyard houses have many advantages. The courtyard has a spacious courtyard where flowers and trees can be planted, a fish tank can be placed, and it can also be used as an entertainment place for children and the elderly.
There is plenty of sunshine in winter, and the rooms in the yard are separated and not far apart, making it convenient for a family to live.
The courtyard adopts a brick-wood structure with hanging beams, a thick roof and good earthquake resistance.
Putting up a pergola
Of course, everything has its pros and cons, and courtyard houses also have their cons. First of all, the east and west wings and the south wing are not as good as the north wing. The south wing faces north, so sunlight does not easily illuminate the interior. The east wing is exposed to the sun in summer, while the west wing is hot in summer and cold in winter. Three-quarters of the houses in the hospital are not facing well, which is naturally a huge disadvantage.
Secondly, there is a lack of functional partitioning. The houses in the quadrangle are divided according to the status of family members. The grandparents and parents live in the north room, and the children and grandchildren live in the east and west rooms. There is no specific division between the living room and dining room, especially the kitchen, bathroom and toilet, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the residents.
Since the kitchen is far away from the dining room, it is often necessary to walk through the yard carrying dishes.
Without a dedicated bathroom, bathing naturally becomes a big problem.
The toilet is far away from the bedroom and is inconvenient to use. There are no toilets in some courtyards. For convenience, residents can only go to the alley.
5. Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide
No. 1 Prince Gong’s Mansion
National Museum, a national 5A tourist attraction
Xicheng District, Beijing No. 17 Qianhai West Street
Prince Gong's Mansion, located on Qianhai West Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, is the largest residence in the Qing Dynasty and one of the most famous courtyard buildings in Beijing. The predecessor of the palace was originally the first residence of Xiao Shenyang, a powerful official of the Qianlong Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, and the residence of Lin Yong, the younger brother of Emperor Jiaqing. Later, Prince Gong? Named after living. Prince Gong's Mansion is a well-preserved royal palace complex in China, with a total area of ??60,000 square meters. It is divided into two parts: mansion and garden, with more than 30 building communities. It has experienced the historical process of the Qing Dynasty from its peak to its decline, and carries extremely rich historical and cultural information. Therefore, it is called a Prince Gong's Mansion, half of the history of the Qing Dynasty. Prince Gong's Mansion can be said to be the most expensive courtyard building complex in Beijing. It is now a national first-class museum, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, and a national key cultural relics protection unit.
2 Li Wangfu
No. 7, Xihuangcheng Gennan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing
Liyuefu is located at Nos. 7 and 9, Xihuangcheng Gennan Street. This is the private residence of Zhou Kui, the wife of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing, this mansion was owned by Aisin Qiaoluo Daishan, the second son of Nurhachi of the Qing Dynasty. Dai Shan was named Prince Li Heshuo and was succeeded by him, so this mansion was called Prince Li's Mansion. In the twelfth year of Jiaqing, the mansion was destroyed by fire. The then Prince Li, Zhao Lian, raised funds to rebuild the mansion at the original site, which is now the residence. Prince S's mansion is large in scale, covering an area of ??about 30 hectares, with heavy doors and deep buildings. It is the top courtyard building in Beijing. After liberation, the palace was changed to serve as the office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and is currently used by the Affairs Bureau of the State Council. The building is generally well preserved.
No. 3 Qinchungong
Cultural Relics Protection Unit
No. 44, North Edge of Houhai, Xicheng District, Beijing
Chunwang Mansion, located in Beijing No. 44, Houhai Beiyan, Xicheng District, is a relatively large mansion in the Qing Dynasty. This was once the residence of Kangxi University scholar Nalan Mingzhu and Prince Chengzhe Yongjue. It was not until 1872 that the Spring Palace became the owner of the mansion, hence the name of the Spring Palace. The Spring Palace has experienced the historical process from the peak of the Qing Dynasty to its decline, and carries extremely rich historical and cultural information. It has now become a key cultural relic protection object in my country. The palace, which covers an area of ??nearly 40,000 square meters, is composed of multiple courtyards followed by a two-story back building. Its West Garden is also the former residence of Comrade Soong Ching Ling in Beijing. It is the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units and is open to the outside world.
4 Guo Moruo’s former residence
Cultural relic protection unit
Xicheng District, Beijing
Guo Moruo’s former residence is located at No. 18, Qianhai West Extension, Xicheng District, Beijing . It was formerly the ceremonial Arsenic Palace Garden in the Qing Dynasty, and later became the fodder yard and stables of Prince Gong Fu Yi in the south. Teacher Guo Moruo lived here from October 1963 until his death on June 12, 1978, spending the last 15 years of his life here. Former Residence
Ji Lan’s former residence is located at No. 241, Zhushikou West Street, Beijing, and is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. The original owner of this house was Yue Zhongqi, a powerful official in the Yongzheng period and the 21st grandson of Yue Fei. However, Ji Xiaolan lived in this house for more than 60 years and died in this house, so it is called Ji Xiaolan's former residence. Ji Lan's former residence is a Qing brick and wood structure, which belongs to the architectural pattern of two-in-one courtyard. Among the old things in the old residence are the vines in the front yard and the crabapples in the backyard, both of which Ji Xiaolan planted himself. The former residence was rebuilt and opened to the public in 2003, covering an area of ??1,200 square meters. It can be said to be one of the most expensive courtyard houses in Beijing.
6 Li’s former residence
No. 52, East Xinglong Street, Chongwai Street, Chongwen District, Beijing
There are many former residences of Li, and the one located at No. 52, East Xinglong Street, Chongwenmenwai Siheyuan is one of them. The former residence is a typical representative of the Jinduo courtyard house in Beijing, which embodies the essence of the courtyard house culture in old Beijing. The traditional architectural form is fully displayed here. This courtyard house in Beijing has four courtyards and a construction area of ??1,868 square meters. Its style belongs to the late Qing Dynasty. This is a beautifully preserved grand gated residence. It is also a district-level cultural relic protection unit in Chongwen District. It is one of the most expensive courtyard houses in Beijing and is now owned by the Tong Ren Tang Group.
7 Lu Xun’s Former Residence
Beijing Cultural Relics Protection Unit
No. 19, Lane 2, Neigongmenkou, Fuchengmen, Xicheng District, Beijing
Lu Xun The former residence is located at No. 21 Xisantiao, Fuchengmen, Beijing. It is now located in the Beijing Lu Xun Museum in Fuchengmen, Xicheng District. This is a small courtyard with three bays. This very simple Beijing courtyard, with an area of ??about 400 square meters, was designed and rebuilt by Lu Xun himself in the spring of 1924. He moved there in May of the same year and stayed there until he left Beijing in August 1926 and went south. Lu Xun's former residence has three rooms in the north and south, one in the east and one in the west. It has maintained the same appearance, including the furnishings in the rooms. It is also the most complete former residence of Lu Xun in Beijing.
8 Mao Dun’s Former Residence
Beijing Cultural Relics Protection Unit
No. 13 Yuanen Temple, South Jiaodaokou, Dongcheng District, Beijing
Mao Dun’s Former Residence It is located at No. 13 Houyuanensi Hutong, Jiaodaokou, Dongcheng District, Beijing, covering an area of ??878 square meters. This is a standard Beijing courtyard house. Teacher Mao Dun lived here from 1974 to 1981 and completed his last work - Memoir "The Road I Traveled". The living room and reception room of the former residence remain original, as well as Mao Dun's books, daily necessities, clothes, stationery, certificates, etc. They are all displayed in Mao Dun's former residence.
9 Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall
Cultural Relics Protection Unit
No. 9 Huguosi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing
Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall Located at No. 9 Huguosi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, it is a typical Beijing courtyard house. This was once the stable of Prince Yi. The palace was built in the late Qing Dynasty and was later converted into a residential building, covering an area of ??more than 700 square meters. This courtyard house in Beijing is divided into front and back floors. Mei Lanfang lived in the United States from 1950 to 1961. Most of the flowers, plants and trees in the yard were planted by Mei Lanfang. The house is well preserved and is now designated as the Mei Lanfang Memorial Hall, a national key cultural relic protection unit.
10 Qi Baishi’s former residence
China’s key protected cultural relics in Beijing
No. 13 Shizi Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing
Qi Baishi’s former residence is located in Beijing No. 13, Kuoche Hutong, Xicheng District. It is said that this house belonged to a chief minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, and was later sold separately. Courtyard No. 13 is only part of the original residence and is a relatively complete single-courtyard residence. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was purchased by the Ministry of Culture as the residence of painter Qi Baishi. The former residence faces east and west, covering an area of ??204 square meters, and is inhabited by Shiraishi's descendants. The condition is very good and it is one of the top ten private courtyard houses in Beijing.
11 Lao She Memorial Hall
Beijing China's key cultural relics under protection
No. 19, Fufu Hutong, Dengshikou West Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing
Lao She's Memory
Current Location Beijing's courtyard houses are located within a few rings. Some ordinary farmhouses have also been built into a courtyard structure. There are two rooms in the south and one in the north. The east and west rooms are divided into two rooms. The design is in the layout of a courtyard. As soon as you enter the courtyard, you will see a courtyard. Siheyuan can be divided into first, second and third courtyards. Siheyuan can be divided into large courtyard and small courtyard. Each courtyard is like an independent courtyard. Walk through a door alone. When we usually talk about Beijing’s courtyard houses, we basically mean that there are more courtyard houses within the Second Ring Road. In the past, Uncle Wang and Sun lived in a palace, which was basically a courtyard house.
6. Beijing Siheyuan Attractions
First of all, let me explain that the mode is basically the same whether it is ternary or quinary. Let us take the courtyard house in Beijing as an example.
1. The entrance to the street gate faces the screen wall, which is independent or attached to the gable of the back room (side room).
2. There is a wing behind the screen wall. Take the south-facing courtyard house as an example. There is an east wing behind the screen wall without a patio.
3. A courtyard with a garden is a compound courtyard. The garden is usually to one side of the main courtyard, connected by a veranda through a side door.
4. Chuanshan Verandah, also known as Shoushou Veranda, is an obvious symbol of courtyard architecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The verandah is connected to the main room, side rooms, and hanging flower doors, and runs through the front and rear courtyards.
5. When the owner encounters general business visits, he will flip houses in the first courtyard because he wants to avoid the harem in the courtyard. Acquaintances or distinguished guests are invited to the main hall. Non-relatives are usually not invited directly into one's home. Of course, this is a strict statement and people may not necessarily abide by it.
6. In addition to the living room in the opposite direction, the outer courtyard may also have a cloister. There is a door or a small window on both sides of the street door, which is the same as the doorway of the street door. At the end of the reverse living room, there may be a toilet.
7. Route for visiting Beijing Siheyuan
Beijing Siheyuan is adapted to local conditions. There is no fixed size, only general principles. The general principles of Beijing's standard courtyard house: the basic shape is the north room (main room), south room (inverted room) and east and west wing rooms, separated on four sides, surrounded by high walls to form a four-in-one courtyard, with a door in the southeast corner. The total number of rooms is generally 5 in the north room, 3 in the east room, 3 in the west room, and 4 in the south room except for the main door and 17 door openings and hanging flower doors. Generally, each room is 11-12m2, the total room area is about 200m2, and the floor area is about 400m2.
If it is a two-entry, three-entry or even larger courtyard house, the area will be larger, with two-entry not less than 600 square meters and three-entry not less than 900 square meters. Of course, this still refers to general standards.
8. Beijing Siheyuan Route and Visiting Contents
The picture below shows a well-known and well-preserved Siheyuan in old Beijing. Ming and Qing dynasties:
1. Chongli Mansion: Address: No. 63 and 65, Dongsiliu Tiao, adjacent to Nanbanqiao Hutong in the east, Yueguang Hutong in the west, and Dongsiliu Tiao in the north.
2. Wenyu Building: Address: No. 7-13, No. 3, Maoer Hutong. Linqing Prefecture: Address: Liangguochang Hutong and Huangmi Hutong are located at the south end of the back street of the Art Museum. Modern: 1. Lao She's former residence: Address: No. 19, Fufu Hutong, Dengshikou West Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing. 2. Mei Lanfang’s former residence: Address: No. 9 Huguosi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing. Extended material: Siheyuan, a combined architectural form of residential buildings in northern China, is a square or rectangular courtyard. The family lives in a closed courtyard. The courtyard house is an ancient and traditional cultural symbol of our country. Four refers to the four sides, east, west, north, and south, and the four sides are combined to form a zigzag shape, which is the basic feature of a courtyard house. Siheyuan has elegant architecture, ingenious structure and large number, with Beijing being the best. Reference: Old Beijing Siheyuan-Baidu Encyclopedia