It is located outside Xuanwu Gate in the northeast of Nanjing, with a perimeter of 15km and a land area of 444 hectares, including 49 hectares. It was called Sangbo in ancient times, Moling Lake and Jiangling Lake in Qin and Han Dynasties. Because it is behind Zhongshan, it is also called Houhu. During the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake was renamed because of the black dragon in the lake. Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty, Emperor Wudi of Qi Dynasty and Chen Wudi all practiced water army here, so they are also called Xiwu Lake, Lianhu Lake and Kunming Lake. During the Six Dynasties, it was once a royal entertainment place. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was converted into the Yellow Book Museum, which was dedicated to storing national accounts, taxes and books, and was in charge of full-time officials. Between continents, only ships are allowed to pass, and ordinary officials and people are not allowed to enter casually. It was transformed into a park in the late Qing Dynasty. Because there are five islands in the lake, it is also called Wuzhou Park, with Liangzhou as America, Zhou Huan as Asia, Yingzhou as Europe, Cuizhou as Africa and Lingzhou as Australia. Surrounded by water on three sides and weeping willows on the embankment. There are two Taihu stones on the mainland, which are said to be the remains of Huashigang in Huizong period of Northern Song Dynasty. One is called "Guanyin Stone" and the other is called "Boy Stone", which are collectively called "Boy worships Guanyin". Behind the stone is Guo Xiandun, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, named Guo Pu. Sakura Island is named after cherries all over Europe. Lingzhou was named after water chestnut in ancient times. Prince Huan Zhaoming was named after studying here. There are also some scenic spots on the mainland, such as Range Rover Tower, Lake Temple and Tonggoujing. To the east of Liangzhou is Cuizhou, named after its lush trees. Each of the five continents has the reputation of "Autumn Chrysanthemum in Liangzhou", "Flower Sea in Yingzhou", "Shan Lan in Lingzhou", "Smoke Willow in Zhou Huan" and "Cloud Tree in Cuizhou". Xuanwu Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery and beautiful scenery. The pattern of "surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the city on one side" is still rare in China.
[Appreciation of Ancient Poetry] Taicheng Tang Wei Zhuang
The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing.
Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage.
Taicheng was the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. In today's Nanjing, it has been deserted and declined since the middle Tang Dynasty. On a drizzly and sparsely populated day, the poet came here alone. The phrase "it's raining and the grass is raining" deliberately exaggerates the atmosphere. Taicheng raw water can pass through the Yangtze River, so it is called "Jiangyu" and "Cao Jiang". In late spring and March, the grass in the south of the Yangtze River grows warblers, and the tender grass dyes the earth green. Green sometimes makes people feel a kind of vitality and sometimes makes people feel bleak. The ancients said, "Suffering from loss, suffering from loss", and the right path revealed the latter feeling. The spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River is thin, dense and continuous. The gloomy new green of the intermittent rain caused a dreamlike mood and atmosphere, which aggravated the poet's inner depression and sadness. The whole picture is quiet and cold, in sharp contrast to the prosperity of the past. The rhyme of this poem is harmonious, the use of conjunctions and the repetition of the word "Jiang" create a kind of melodic beauty like crying, singing and sighing, which is memorable.
"The Six Dynasties are like dreams, and birds are singing in the air." This poem points out the theme of "dream". Facing this situation, the past of the Six Dynasties comes to the poet's mind. The temples here were magnificent at that time. However, "the wind and rain always blow away the romantic feelings in the ballroom." Wealth is like an illusion, prosperity is like a dream, and everything in the past is safe now? Only unsuspecting birds are singing their own happy songs on the branches. The word "birds crow in the air" subtly reflects the poet's myriad emotions from the side, contrasts the poet's deep affection with the bird's ruthlessness, and contrasts the poet's sadness with the bird's joy, forming a huge contrast and strong contrast between the bird's low crow and the past events of the Six Dynasties. It seems light and heavy, and light and thick, which increases the poet's fantasy sense of history.
"Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, and it is still a smoke cage." The last two sentences are still described in profile, but they inject a strong sense of poet. Willful weeping willows, lonely long beach used to be a playground for aristocratic ladies, but now things have changed and trees have withered. The green willows are still so graceful, and the faint green is like a wisp of light smoke hanging over the ten-mile long embankment. Anyway, the world is happy. The sentence "Ruthlessness is the most important thing" is so sad that the poet's strong emotions are extremely strong. The word "smoke cage" further renders the illusion and confusion of dreams.
This poem describes the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River as ethereal and elegant, at the same time, it sets off a dreamlike atmosphere and a sad mood, which reflects the poet's strong sense of emptiness in history and life. Reading is like smelling sad songs, and the sound is lingering. As the saying goes, "the voice of national subjugation mourns."
(Li Xiaotong)
[Modern Prose] I went back to the south and visited three lakes. In Nanjing, visit Xuanwu Lake, and in Wuxi, of course, you must see Taihu Lake. When you arrive in Hangzhou, it goes without saying that you can't leave the West Lake for four days. It's not the first time for me to know about these three lakes, but I'm particularly familiar with the West Lake. But this time, I just glanced at it and couldn't write a veritable travel book. I can only say casually.
……
Now let's talk about the impression of this trip.
Out of Xuanwu Gate, I walked a section of the river bank and paddled on the left side of the river bank. It was about nine o'clock in the morning, and the city wall was sunny, drawing a line between the lake and the blue sky. It suddenly occurred to me that I visited the West Lake more than 40 years ago. At that time, the wall near the West Lake in Hangzhou had not been torn down. Looking east at the West Lake is just like looking west at Xuanwu Lake. The surrounding walls separate the lake from the sky. Of course, the city wall is built for defense, but as far as the lakes in the city are concerned, the city wall is like a cloister in the garden and plays a shielding role. Tourists have seen all the beautiful scenery on the other side, including cloisters, pavilions, pavilions and rockeries. When they came out of the moon cave gate of the cloister and saw a different realm in front of them, they couldn't help shouting "Miao" and their interest became more and more vigorous. It may be too complicated to see the scenery together here, here and there in the cloister. There is a cloister in the middle, which makes part of the scenery stay in the imagination, makes it look simple and appropriate, and can be answered calmly. This is the wonderful use of repairing cloisters in the garden. The wall of the lake is almost completely like a cloister. Therefore, if the wall beside the West Lake is not torn down, tourists will feel a different taste whether they look at the east coast from the lake or come out from the city to see the West Lake, which is very different from what they feel now. I'm not saying that the wall by the West Lake has been torn down. The lakeside is the first park to the sixth park side by side. The east of the park is separated by roads, and there are quite neat market houses in the area. Although it looks complicated, it is still a whole according to the composition, and it will not be trivial, so it will not hurt the beauty. In addition, as a whole, it also played the role of a cloister. However, if someone advocates tearing down the wall of Xuanwu Lake, I don't agree. I don't know why, I always feel that the lines and colors of the city wall are in harmony with the lake light of Xuanwu Lake and the mountain scenery of Zijinshan and Zhoushan. It looks very comfortable, but it is not easy to change.
(Ye Shengtao)
Xuanwu Lake has five continents, and the best scenery is Liangzhou in the northwest. There is an exhibition hall on Liangzhou, which used to be a temple. There is another story about this lake temple.
After Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, established the world, Nanjing was the capital. The emperor, who came from a poor peasant family, attached great importance to land wealth and population, so he built Xuanwu Lake in the northeast corner of Beijing into a yellow book library to store yellow books (household registration books) and fish scale books (several fields) from all over the country. The emperor gave the order and his men set off quickly. Before long, the Yellow Book Library was built.
Xuanwu Lake has been a treasure trove of geomantic omen in Nanjing since ancient times. Zhongshan is in the east, there is a shogunate (mountain) in the north, Shicheng in the west and Fuzhou (mountain) in the south, with weeping willows and bamboo to cover the sky. This is an excellent place to set up a yellow book library. Especially here is surrounded by water, so don't worry about fire. After the Huangshuguan was built, although there was no fire, the rodent problem was very serious, and many Huangshuguan were bitten by rats. Management officials did not dare to neglect, and quickly reported the matter to Zhu Yuanzhang truthfully. After receiving the leave, Zhu Yuanzhang rushed to the Huangshuguan and saw that it was as reflected by his subordinates. Zhu Yuanzhang, who was full of troubles, walked out of the Huangshuguan unconsciously while thinking about the countermeasures to kill rats. Zhu Yuanzhang was wandering alone on the Liu Yin Trail by the lake when he suddenly found an old man standing by the roadside. Judging from his clothes, he is a fisherman who lives by fishing nearby.
The old man didn't know that the emperor was coming. When he saw Zhu Yuanzhang sad face, he cheerfully said to Zhu Yuanzhang:
"Sir, I wonder what's bothering you?"
Zhu Yuanzhang saw that it was an old man with a smile, so he told him the story that Huangshu was harmed by rats. The old fisherman wanted to think, then said to Zhu Yuanzhang:
"What's there to worry about? Keep more cats. If the cat eats the mouse, won't the mouse be hurt? " Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang felt that this was very reasonable and asked the old man's name. When he heard that the old man's surname was Mao, a bad idea came to him: Mao sounded like a cat. If the old man with Mao were here, wouldn't he be worried about mice? After Zhu Yuanzhang left the old man Mao, he immediately ordered the samurai to arrest the old man Mao and bury him alive near the Huangshuguan. After the old man Mao was killed, Zhu Yuanzhang often felt sorry for it. In order to hide people's eyes and ears, he specially passed an imperial edict, ordering old man Mao to be a lake god and building a lake temple for him. Also known as the yellow album library officer, you should burn more incense on holidays.
The local fishermen are very aware of the origin of the Lake Temple. They are very sympathetic to the hardworking and kind old fisherman, but in the emperor's * * *, they dare to be angry and dare not speak. No fisherman wants to call it the Lake Temple, but secretly calls it the "Old Man Mao" Temple to commemorate this innocent victim.
(Yuan finishing)