In the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1407), Queen Xu died, sent Shangshu and Mr. Feng Shui from the Ministry of Rites to Beijing, selected Jirang and prepared to build a mausoleum. It was not until the seventh year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409) that they came to Changchangping, and they were pleasantly surprised to find that this majestic "Long Mai" came from Taihang Mountain-Yanshan Mountain Range, which coincided with the positions of the four gods in the five elements of Yin and Yang. Tianshou Mountain (Zhenshan) is tall in the north, called Mangshan Mountain in the east and crouching tiger in the west. On the small plain surrounded by three mountains, there is also the "Jinshui River" Wenyu River passing through here, which can really be said to be a treasure trove of feng shui. Since then, the construction of the Ming tombs at the foot of Tianshou Mountain has begun. It has been listed in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO as a national key scenic spot. Today, we visited Changling and the underground palace excavated in Dingling.
Ask the driver to drive slowly. Through the window, we can see a stone archway, which is the symbol of the mausoleum area. This archway has five 6-column 1 1 floors, all carved with white marble. It is the largest and most exquisite stone archway in China.
All right! This is the destination. Please take your luggage and get off.
This door is called Dahongmen, which is the main entrance of the mausoleum area. Through the main entrance, the road under our feet is the Shinto of the Ming Tombs. This shinto rises and falls with the terrain. This is based on the theory of "Feng Shui" that "it is auspicious to bend the ring, but hard to die". It is the longest Shinto in the imperial mausoleum built by China, with a total length of 7.3 kilometers.
Looking ahead, there is a tablet pavilion, which is the Zande tablet in Changling. There is a monument headed by Panlong on the Monument of Changling Merit, and below it is a monument with a height of 7.9 1 m, which is engraved with the Monument of Daming Changling Merit. On the front, there is a 4,000-word "Zande Monument" inscribed by Zhu Gaochi, the eldest son, for his father, and on the back, there is a memorial written during the Qianlong period.
There are 12 pairs of stone beasts and 6 pairs of stone men on the Shinto 800 meters behind the pavilion, which are called stone statues. These are all set up to reflect the etiquette and dignity of the emperor before his death.
This is a star gate, also called Dragon and Phoenix Gate, which means Tianmen. In the center of this three-door six-column door, there are three flame balls, so it is also called the flame archway.
The magnificent building in front of us is Changling, which is the largest, longest-built and best-preserved mausoleum among the Ming Tombs. Judy launched the "Battle of Jingnan", won the throne and changed her name to Yongle. During his 22 years in power, he was diligent in government affairs, did not like luxury, and did many useful things. He presided over the compilation of Yongle Dadian, sent Zheng He to the Western Seas six times, and four cultural sites in China's World Heritage List were founded by Judy. Changling * * * covers an area of 10 hectare, and the central axis of the building includes Lingenmen, Lingentang, Minglou, Baocheng and Baoding. There are three courtyards in the Mausoleum * *, and the Lingen Hall in the Erjin Courtyard is the only well-preserved hall in the Ming Tombs.
It is wide and wide, modeled after the regulations of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City.
There are five rooms in the middle and deep, and there are 60 huge nanmu columns with double eaves in the hall. The four pillars in the middle are all over one meter in diameter. It is the best Nanmu Temple in China, which is used to worship the gods of Empress Dowager Cixi and hold sacrificial activities of Ye Mausoleum.
Coming out from the back door of the temple, you will arrive at the third courtyard, the Ming building and the landmark building of Changling. There is a stone tablet in the Ming building, which reads: Daming became the tomb of Wen Zu. Because the emperor's surname is Zhu, and the stone tablet is also scarlet.
Next, we will go to Dingling, where we can visit the underground palace of the ancient emperor. Dingling is the mausoleum of Zhu Yijun, the first 13 emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and two empresses, Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing. Zhu Yijun was the longest-serving emperor in the Ming Dynasty. After he ascended the throne at the age of nine, it was divided into two stages. The first stage was assisted by Minister Zhang. The country has made great progress in all aspects and has great potential to rejuvenate the country. After Zhang's death, he was like a different person. He didn't care about state affairs for 28 years, which caused the country to be almost paralyzed. Later generations commented that in fact, the fate of the demise of the Ming Dynasty was a foregone conclusion when Emperor Wanli was in power. Zhu Yijun did a commendable thing in his life, that is, during the twenty to twenty-seven years of Wanli, he decided to resist Japan and aid Korea, which consolidated the relationship between China and North Korea.
Dingling is the third largest mausoleum among the Ming Tombs, and the building regulations were changed from the mausoleum of grandfather Sejong. The building in front of Baocheng was destroyed by the war, and the scale of that year can be imagined from the only Sumitomo pedestal left. In the front showroom, all the national treasures unearthed in Dingling are displayed, all of which are exquisite. You can feast your eyes. I'll meet you at the door in 30 minutes.
Now we come to Baocheng in Dingling, with a diameter of 230 meters. In the middle of Baocheng, Amin Building, which rests on the top of the mountain, is the best-preserved building on the ground of Dingling. A 6. 19-meter-high stone tablet engraved with the words "Daming" and "Zongshen Xian Di Mausoleum". The big mound in the middle of Baocheng is called Baoding, which is actually a tomb.
Follow me into the underground palace through the left passage. The excavation of Dingling Underground Palace began in May 1956 and ended in May 1958. At first, the diggers found a coupon door exposed on the southwest wall of Baocheng, so they opened the first ditch opposite the coupon door. After the trench bottomed out, they found a tunnel made of city bricks. Along the direction indicated by the tunnel, the second trench was opened behind the Ming building, facing Baoding. In this ditch, I met a stone tablet engraved with "This stone is sixteen feet away from the front of the King Kong Wall and three feet and five feet deep". This stone tablet is a sign indicating the direction, because Dingling was built by the emperor before his death, and the underground palace must be sealed with earth after it is completed. Along the direction indicated by the stone tablet, the third trench was opened, and finally the stone tunnel and the King Kong wall were found. The king kong gate above was removed, that is, the tunnel ticket entered the underground palace. There are two white marble doors in the middle of the west side, which are propped up from the inside with "natural stones". Excavators used iron bars to pry the natural stone out of the groove in the ground, and then wrapped it with lead wire, so that it could stand behind one of the doors and the other door could be opened.
The whole building is of masonry structure, and the ritual system is the "nine palaces" system imitating the Ming Temple, which is divided into five halls: the front room, the middle room, the back room and the left and right rooms. We are now in the front hall, also called the front hall. When we opened it, there was only a layer of yellow pine on the ground that went straight to the back hall, and the ruts for transporting coffins were clearly visible on the wood.
Further on, you will find the central hall, which is located in the center of the front, back, left and right rooms. The ground is paved with fine square bricks, which is said to be getting brighter and brighter. There is a white marble throne in the temple, which is the same as the throne of the emperor before his death. Faucets are carved on the backs and handrails of the thrones, and feather crowns are carved on the altars of the two queens. In front of the three thrones, there are five sacrificial utensils, including an incense burner, two candlesticks, two vases and a shrine.
There is a blue and white Yunlong porcelain jar in front, which used to contain sesame oil and a wick, called the ever-burning lamp.
This magnificent underground palace is the back hall, also known as the imperial hall, and it is the largest underground palace. The ground is paved with polished mottled stones. In the middle of the back hall, there is a sumeru-shaped coffin bed with mottled stones and white marble edges. There is a square hole in the middle, filled with loess, which is the first shovel of loess when choosing a tomb, called the golden well. There are coffins of Emperor Wanli and two Empresses on the coffin bed, and there are 26 boxes of funerary objects. Emperor Wanli designed the highest-level funeral in Ming and Qing Dynasties-Jinjing Jade Funeral.
According to the rules of the emperor's mausoleum, only the emperor's coffin is placed in the back hall, and the queen's coffin should be posted in the left and right halls. Why does Dingling have an emperor and two queens? There are no furnishings in the left and right annex halls, but there are coffins of two queens in the back hall? Let's talk about his second son: Xiao Duan is the official queen of Zhu Yijun, and then he has no children. Empress Xiaojing was the Queen of the Palace beside the mother of Emperor Wanli, who gave birth to her eldest son, the later "Son of Heaven in January". After Wanli's death, she was named the imperial concubine, referred to as Xiaojing. She died nine years before Zhu Yijun and was buried in Hiraoka on the left side of Tokyo. After her grandson Zhu Youxiao succeeded to the throne, she was posthumously awarded as the Queen Mother. Why are they buried together? According to experts' speculation, in the forty-eight years of Wanli, the Filial Piety Queen died of illness, the Emperor Wanli died three months later, and his son Zhu Changluo died in the Red Pill case 29 days after he ascended the throne. Zhu Youxiao, the emperor who just ascended the throne at the age of 16, has three funerals in front of him and his grandmother's relocation. Such a huge task weighed on him, so the preparation was very hasty. Moreover, it happened to be the rainy season, so it was not convenient to open the affiliated hall where the queen was placed, so the coffins of the emperor and the queen went in through the main entrance. But when I got to the underground palace, I found that the aisle in the annex hall was too narrow for the queen's coffin to enter, so I had to put it in the back hall.
After leaving the underground palace, our trip to the Ming Tombs will be over today. I believe everyone will sigh for this huge group of imperial tombs. I hope my explanation will leave a deep impression on you and appreciate the ancient civilization of our country.