Debao junior high school Huang
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio written by Pu Songling in the early Qing Dynasty is the pinnacle of China's classical short stories, with complex and profound thoughts and artistic charm, which has been studied extensively by later scholars. As soon as I opened this book, I seemed to enter a dazzling art palace: a confusing and tortuous story, colorful, strange and real life pictures, and a fantastic and vivid artistic realm, which made people linger. In some excellent chapters, almost every character has a distinct ideological character. They not only have rich social connotations and typicality, but also have distinctive personalities. In particular, many of the artistic images created by Pu Songling by using romantic artistic techniques are transformed into foxes and ghosts, which adds a new color to the figure gallery of China's classical novels. This paper attempts to analyze the image of the fox woman in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
In nearly 500 works of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, foxes are written or implicated, accounting for almost one sixth. Many works, such as Ugly Fox, Hairy Fox, Fox Concubine, Fenzhou Fox, Catch a Ghost and Pat a Fox, etc., are individually marked on the title, while countless works are not marked on the title, including Breeze, Lotus Fragrance, Ying Ning, Jiao Na and Redjade. With great pen and ink and full of enthusiasm, Pu Songling carefully portrayed a group of fox women with distinctive personalities who dared to break through the shackles of feudal ethics. They not only have ordinary people's bodies, but also are beautiful, intelligent, caring, pure and sincere, brave in pursuing personal freedom and personality liberation, and shine with the beauty of human nature and human feelings everywhere. It can be said that their appearance and inner beauty are the unity of love and beauty, and they are extremely ideal and aesthetic artistic images. When talking about the alien image in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in A Brief History of Chinese Novels, Mr. Lu Xun summed it up as follows: "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are unique in details, showing their commonness, making flowers charming and affectionate, forgetting the alien, and occasionally seeing storks and knowing their inhumanity." [1] This thesis has also been cited by researchers to illustrate the characteristics of the fox woman image. The fox woman in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is extremely plump and vivid.
First, beautiful appearance and good heart.
In Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Pu Songling showed us a large number of beautiful fox women: Jiao Na. "When I was about thirteen or fourteen years old, Jiao Bo was full of wisdom, and the willows were yiyi." The positive description is not enough, but the profile description: "Life sees color, sighs and looks at it, and spirit is one of them." Write Ying Ning: "There is a young girl with a maid and a plum blossom, which makes Hua Rong smile with peerless beauty." "But being good at laughing is also forbidden in the deep valley; However, when you smile, you are crazy without damaging your charm. " Xiaocui was praised by Wang Taichang as "the work of a true fairy in Zhao Yan". Look at Qingfeng again: "Look closely, it's soft and charming, with flowing eyes and no beauty in the world." Hu Sijie: "Good year, fragrant lotus powder dew, you are charming with a smile." Lian Xiang: "The face is very unusual. I'm only fifteen or sixteen. My Zen sleeves hang down, and the wind is fragrant. If I still walk between steps. " Crow's head: "Eyes are frequent, eyebrows are affectionate, posture is graceful, and god is true." Changting: "Beautiful as a fairy." Huang Xiaomei: "The eyebrows are beautiful and the fairy is sincere"; Even the fox women with unknown surnames are "lush and beautiful, beautiful and moving" and "gentle and lovely, chinese odyssey" in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Pu Songling showed us a large number of fox women who are as beautiful as gods. They may have innocent beauty, dignified beauty of a good family, or graceful beauty of a street prostitute, which often makes men fall in love at first sight. What is even more rare is that these fox women are not only beautiful in appearance, pure in heart, kind and witty.
The fox in "Lotus Sanniangzi" made a match for Zongsheng, let her marry a pure lotus fairy, gave birth to a son, and then resolutely left after feeding. The fox in Lianxiang is a typical example of a good wife and mother. Sang Sheng's body became weaker and weaker because of his fascination with ghosts, so that he completely lost his breath. It was Lianxiang who was not afraid to travel long distances and collected medicines for it, saving Sang Sheng's life. In Ying Ning, although Ying Ning is rare, she is very understanding. "Every time my mother is worried about getting angry, the woman will laugh it off." She misses Guimu, who has lived together for more than ten years. She found a "corpse" in the weeds and buried her foster mother in Cenji Mountain. Xiaocui tells the story of a fox's gratitude. In order to repay the debt, Xiao Cui voluntarily entrusted herself to Wang Yuanfeng, who suffered from dementia. She not only rescued the Wangs from the disaster many times, but also cured Yuanfeng's dementia. In Jiao Na, Nv Jiao Fox and Kong Sheng treated each other sincerely and shared weal and woe, overcoming one difficulty after another in their life journey. Chernyshevski once said: "As far as content is concerned, beauty and kindness are the same." [2] In other words, everything that is "good" is beautiful. Most of the fox women images in Pu Songling's works have a beautiful power to infect people and cultivate people's temperament with their inner kindness and integrity.
Second, the temperament is straightforward.
Foxes live in Shan Ye and have no fixed abode. Generally, foxes have no fixed residence. When they become adults, foxes usually rent or occupy human houses, especially foxes. Sanniang lives in the tombs of ghost girls and smart girls; Ying Ning was also born by the mother fox, and was raised by her mother, which also determined that the fox woman was less bound by human women, ghost women and fairies, and had innocence, truth, goodness and beauty.
This frankness is first manifested in the active pursuit of love and loyalty to love.
In Lian Xiang, Lian Xiang, as a "lover of the country", knocked on the scholar's door overnight, and the scholar "opened the door and reached in", which made him fall in love. After that, the scholar was injured by ghost Li, and it was Lianxiang who stayed by the couch for more than ten days and nights before he was cured. Scholars didn't accept Lian Xiang's advice. Even when they were lying in an empty room, it was Lian Xiang's magic that cured them and made them "refreshed"
When Redjade and Shengfeng met for the first time, they had "ears across the wall" and "intimate smile", which showed her yearning and initiative for love. "Raise your hand, don't come and don't go" seems a little shy, and finally "cross over and go to bed". Redjade yearned for a happy life on earth, and took the initiative to find poor scholars and make peace with them forever. Redjade's love is also chivalrous. Later, she was rescued from prison and helped him to revive his family business. This was really a compliment to the Feng family, and it also realized her initial wish and made a good marriage for life. Redjade is a sentient and righteous fox. Wang Yuyang compared Redjade to Cheng Ying and Gongsun Chujiu in The Orphan of Zhao, and was known as a "heroine".
In Crow's Head, the fox crow's head shows more loyalty to love. The crow head turned out to be a child prostitute waiting to "wrap her head". Wang Sheng, a student from Shandong, got help from her friends and gave everything to spend a wonderful evening. Seeing that Wang Sheng was sincere and trustworthy, the scheming crow head fled with him in the middle of the night and made a living selling donkeys and wine in another place. However, the good times didn't last long. The crow's head was pulled down by a "pimp" and he was still forced to be a prostitute. She was determined to have a son and was abandoned. A few years later, Wang gave birth to a nursery, so his son was cold to himself, loved and redeemed, and the angel and his son were reunited. But Crow Head lives in a violent way every month. She "fights to the death" and defends love to the death. After 18 years, she rescues her husband and son, walks out of the misery, reunites the whole family, and finally wins the victory of love. This is an image of a Zhen fox extracted by Pu Songling from the rolling world of mortals.
The green plum in "Green Plum" has eyes and pearls, and took a fancy to the pure filial piety of the poor scholar Zhang Sheng at a glance. First, she advised Miss Wang Axi to marry her. After the accident, she came to save herself and showed great courage and initiative. With the help of Asi, Mei Qing and Wang Sheng got married. After getting started, she was filial to her parents-in-law, thrifty at home, and Zuo Fu studied hard, which finally made Zhang Sheng rich and famous, just like a good wife. Later, she urged Axi, who was in trouble, to become Zhang Sheng's wife, but Axi would rather "take a concubine" and take care of herself in the side room. Pu Songling praised Mei Qing for "knowing a hero in the dust and swearing to marry until death."
The fox women in Pu Songling's works actively courted, were not bound by ethics, never cared about fame and fortune, and gave them to men relatively freely, but they were not lewd, and most of them showed their persistence and firmness in love. [③]
Moreover, the fox women written by Pu Songling dare to love and hate. They love people with passion, and hate people by hook or by crook, which is also a manifestation of fox nature in fox. When they find that the person they love is not worthy of love, they will not hesitate to punish or play tricks on those who have failed their ingratitude. In Ugly Fox, the fox woman seduced a man with money, but the man disliked him, so he took all his belongings and switched to others. On Wu Xiaolian, the fox not only took away her belongings, but also got back her pills, which made the hypocritical Xiaolian die a natural death. These ungrateful people got the punishment they deserved.
Third, be alert and smart.
The fox woman in Fox Harmony is articulate, talented and humorous. Sun Deyan, Chen Jian, Chen Wenwen and other frivolous literati just want to compete with her, and the fox teased her many times, which made her embarrassed. For example, the red-haired king heard that "China gave birth to a mule, and the mule's name is Ikoma Colt", but he inquired about it in detail. The envoy replied, "I saw mules and horses, but I heard about Ikoma Colt, the mule." Cleverly scolded what Chen saw and heard. Sun Deyan said that the couple made fun of Wan Fu (the husband of the fox) and said that "prostitutes go out to visit their lovers, come to Wan Fu and go to Wan Fu." The fox said to him, "The Dragon King sent a letter asking for direct advice, and the turtle also spoke." Sun Deyan was ridiculed. The fox woman's cynicism towards Sun Deyan and others shows superb knowledge and calm demeanor.
Xin Shiniang is gentle, frugal and free and easy. She is a fox. She has the intelligence of a fox, but she is decent, sensible, good at handling things and helping her husband. Shengfeng is carefree and can't see the stakes clearly. Xin's fourteen Niang warned him, "Your hometown Song is your son! If you are frivolous, you will lose the virtue of a gentleman; If you give it to a villain, you will kill me. Cao Jun's disaster is not far away! I can't bear to see you wandering, please resign from now on. " Shengfeng repented, and Xin Shiniang made a pact with him for three chapters. "From now on, close the door and break up, and don't drink." Xin Shiniang advised Shengfeng to save himself and be sophisticated, which is a famous saying of sages.
The Fox League also depicts two clever and witty fox women. "The woman knows that she can't move, but it is a cloud:' Your corporal, I have a couplet. Please be correct. You can come to me yourself: you are in the same body, and you owe a little money to get an abdomen. "Focus on thinking rather than on it. The woman smiled and said,' Are celebrities so sincere? I'll take the place of the correct one: I've been followed, why not double-click? "Laugh off your big teeth." What I want to explain here is that the word "four" refers to the brushwork of handwriting in the past, that is, the last stroke is not picked up. Because of this, there is a saying, "Why not choose both?"? On the surface, why not pick up all the feet of the words? Why not tease us both at the same time? After saying, "Why don't you choose both", you "made a big smile". How can there be such a smart, intelligent, refreshing and open woman in reality? For such a so-called "celebrity" who has neither talent nor conduct, but also likes arty, the fox women have given contempt and ridicule.
Some foxes are insightful, with profound words and unique ideas.
Feng Sanniang is a fox with unique vision and insight. In private, she admonished Empress Fan in the boudoir: "If you are talented, you must not have a rich husband, but if you want a good husband and wife, please don't be rich or poor." When Empress Fan disapproved of poor Meng Sheng, Feng said, "How can a lady fall into the world?" ! If this person is poor and humble, he will be regarded as blind and no longer a scholar in the world. "Meng Hou is really an official to the Hanlin. It can be seen that, in the fox's view, marriage is not based on wealth and rank, but on "a perfect match, two of a kind". "
In Xiaocui, the concept of marriage in fox society is clearly expressed. The fox mother led Xiaocui, a fox, to Wang Taichang's house to "recommend herself as a wife", and the Wangs "asked for a bride price". Mother fox said, "if it suits you, I am willing to comfort you." Selling vegetables is worth it! "Fox believes that marriage is a pure love relationship, and there is no need to" seek fame ",let alone" accept gifts ",otherwise it will only defile pure feelings. Such an open concept of marriage can be compared with the marriage thought of 2 1 century.
Fourth, noble character.
The fox woman is a fairy, so she shows noble gender beauty. The beauty of this character is manifested in many aspects, the most important of which is selfless and open-minded to emotions. Fox women came to the world to combine with men, but in the process of getting along, fox women all showed the character of attaching importance to feelings and righteousness. Xiaocui married an idiot to repay kindness and cured his illness. Before leaving, he did not forget to find him a person who looks close to him. Shunhua did not keep Zhang Hung-chien out of his own selfishness, but appreciated his affection for his wife and helped him reunite with her. One embroidery is unpredictable, and selflessness helped Liu Zigu find the real Axiu; Although Xin Shiniang left because she was dissatisfied with Shengfeng's frivolity, she still tried her best to help him get out of danger, and at the same time saved money for Shengfeng and his wife for a long time, which solved their difficulties in their later years. Jiao Na's two personal rescues of Kong Sheng are even more touching. Pu Songling was amazed at the selfless actions of these fox women. In "Xiaocui", he used the mouths of different stone artists to praise them greatly: "A fox also has an unintentional reward; ..... The moon lacks glory, and when you leave calmly, you will know that the feelings of the gods are deeper than customs! " Redjade said, "The son is virtuous, and the father is virtuous, so I repay him. If you are not a special person, the fox is also a knight. " At the same time, these fox women also embody a perfect virtue. Although they suffer for love, they become lovers for love. Axiu, Dangdang and Shunhua all help their lovers find what they love.
There is no lack of gratitude among fox women. Xiaocui, a fox, did not hesitate to marry Yuan Feng, an idiot teenager, in order to repay her mother's kindness. She was considerate of her husband, filial to her parents-in-law, took care of her family, endured humiliation, and cured Yuan Feng of his stupid illness. Jiao Na saved Kong Sheng's life with homemade elixir, in return for saving his life. Grandma Fox thanked the Wangs for their past lives and helped them get married and get rich. Fox Xiaomei's behavior of "never forgetting her dead friends and being grateful for her kindness" is touching. The act of gratitude and kindness embodies the fox's kindness and simplicity.
The fox woman also has the chivalrous heart of helping others, punishing evil and promoting good. Feng Sanniang and Niang became good friends and arranged a good marriage for them wholeheartedly. The beautiful fox sympathizes with Qin Sheng who died of eating poisoned wine by mistake, making him die again; After learning the secret of Fu Lian's impotence, the ancient paintings immediately diagnosed and treated him, which made him recover his sexual function quickly, and secretly let Sanniang and Qiaoniang have sex with him successively, which made him live happily. The fox in "Lotus Sanniangzi" made a match for Zongsheng, let her marry a pure lotus fairy, gave birth to a son, and then resolutely left after feeding. In Redjade, the fox, Redjade, becomes a captain's husband, gets rid of the wicked local tyrant, squire Song, and warns the incompetent county magistrate with a big knife to ignore human life, so that the innocent suffering can be freed and the father and son can be reunited.
In the world of fox women reflected in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, fox women have almost perfect qualities, being virtuous and humane than others, loving each other because of affection, knowing each other because of virtue and helping each other. Although there are also traditional themes of bewitching fox women, there are also many fox women who are seductive and harmful in the fox society. However, in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, there are few works that show this kind of fox. Its significance is not to show the demonization and terror of the fox woman, but to have other sustenance.
Five, avatar capable
Fox girl has the ability and magic, and can support a home with her husband. In Crow's Head, the fox Crow's Head elopes with Wang Sheng, while Wang Sheng is just a poor scholar, and his family is surrounded by high walls. He was worried that the crow's head couldn't keep alive, but he didn't expect the crow's head to have his own idea: "In today's market, there are so many kinds of goods, even if you have three mouths, you can be self-sufficient. Donkeys can be used as capital. " I have a special understanding of Zhuo Yuan, but I don't want to act: "Woman makes shawls and pierces lotus bags, and it's good to win every day." In Xiaocui, Xiaocui not only cured her stupid husband's illness, but also saved her family from danger several times with wit and magical power. In Xin Fourteen Niangs, Xin Fourteen Niangs has the insight of observing people, urging her husband to stay away from evil friends and avoid disasters. If the husband doesn't listen to the advice, he will eventually go to jail, which is also the way Xin Shiniang handled it, so that the husband can save the day.
Pu Songling described people with foxes and regarded foxes as his ideal figures, thus endowing him with spirituality. They are unpredictable, not limited by any social or natural conditions, and can help others achieve their goals under any circumstances. He asked them to act as saviors of poor scholars, and let them punish evil and promote good, without the magical power of the fox woman. Mainly reflected in their prediction of the future, they can clearly predict the life span of the hero and the crisis the hero faces, and preemptively. Xiaocui in Xiaocui can predict Zhong's marriage and change his appearance first. The fox in Fox left after predicting Liu Dongjiu's death. In Xin Shiniang, Xin Shiniang saw Feng again before his death, while Xiaomei predicted the disaster of her master's family. In order to save her life, she took the child away first. The magic power of fox woman is also reflected in her way of dealing with the world. Ying Ning punished her neighbor with wood and killed him. Redjade suddenly appeared after Shengfeng's misfortune to raise his children. Xiao Cui changed his wife into her appearance for Yuanfeng and helped Zong Zimei find Chang 'e. Jiao Na treated Kong Sheng. These descriptions obviously don't conform to the logic of real life, but they reflect the spirituality of fox women and their characteristics as aliens. This virtue and magical power in them is the artistic representation of the author's beautiful ideal.
These fox women images written by Pu Songling contradict the ugly attributes of traditional fox women images, but they are endowed with beautiful thoughts, qualities, feelings and personalities, making them not only the truth, goodness and beauty of human nature, but also the symbol of women's truth, goodness and beauty. It embodies Pu Songling's aesthetic ideal and aesthetic evaluation of female beauty. He praised women's intelligence, agility and wisdom with the help of the fox's intelligence, wit, cunning and supernatural omnipotence. This view is consistent with Cao Xueqin's view of women in A Dream of Red Mansions, which reflects the author's new understanding and praise of women. All this is a world that literary works before Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio did not touch. Pu Songling described and discovered this magical world for us for the first time with magical and romantic brushwork, which is also the unique ideological and artistic aesthetic value of the fox woman image in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
Many images of fox women in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are savored carefully and have a unique flavor. Most of them are distinctive and full of human feelings, giving people a special aesthetic feeling. This is in sharp contrast with the lecherous fox spirit in the previous generation and contemporary works. So why is Pu Songling so keen on portraying the fox woman? Among the many factors of history and reality, internal and external, which factors have certain influence on Pu Songling's portrayal of the fox? After this kind of research and exploration, the author thinks that there are three main points worthy of attention.
First, the inspiration of the traditional fox spirit theme
Throughout the history of China literature, fox-themed works have a long history. The contract was written in Shan Hai Jing in the Warring States Period: "In the country of Qingqiu, there is Kyubi no Youko the fox, and Germany is coming." The nine-tailed fox sings like a baby. It is born with the ability of illusion: when it wears a skull and worships for 7749 months, it will become a human form. People are often fascinated by it, and they are fascinated without knowing it. Zhao Ye's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" in the Eastern Han Dynasty also wrote the legend that the nine-tailed white fox built Dayu's daughter who borrowed earth from the mountain. These are the embryonic forms of foxes transforming into human beings in later novels. Most of the early fox stories were born out of the myths and legends of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. "Xuan Zhong Ji" said: "The fox is fifty years old and can change into a woman; A hundred years old is a beauty, a witch, or a couple, who can know thousands of miles of foreign affairs and be good at charm, making people confused and ignorant; Chitose is as good as the sky, it is Tian Hu. " "Seeking God and Chen Xian" says: "The fox is an ancient prostitute." Although the brushwork is concise and the image description is insufficient, what is described in it is no different from the fox in Ming and Qing novels. Moreover, it can be vaguely seen that foxes are mostly female images, either beautiful or seductive. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the denial or belittling of foxes in traditional culture was weakened, and people's negative attitude towards foxes was also shaken. Most of the fox stories in Tai Ping Guang Ji have gone beyond the saying that the fox spirit is charming, and the fox spirit has gradually developed into human nature. The evolution of the fox image has greatly inspired Pu Songling and provided a rare opportunity for his creation. On this basis, he creatively developed and created a large number of colorful fox women images with different personalities. Mr Wu Zuxiang said in a speech: "Pu Songling wrote Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in the early Qing Dynasty. The first thing he succeeded in was to take the road of ambition, that is, to collect folk myths and legends. Because there are extensive and rich social contents in folk myths and legends, the flesh and blood of the times and the lives of ordinary people are crystallized in myths and legends. ..... after collecting these things, he will process them and create them again. " [④]
Second, the author's ideals and emotional sustenance
Judging from his life, Pu Songling was keen on the imperial examination all his life, but he failed repeatedly. It was not until 7 1 year old that he became a tribute student. In the early years, the idea of "learning to be an excellent official" became a bubble and was ruthlessly thrown out of the mainstream society. The hardships and endless depression of life made him depressed all his life and put his spirit in a serious predicament. Pu Songling also lacks other means of making a living. In order to make a living, he made a guest appearance for several years, mainly as a private school teacher in Xipu Village of this county. He has been farming and writing for nearly 40 years, which can be described as a poor life. During these 40 years, he was far from his hometown. Although he has a wife, his long separation prevents him from enjoying the happiness of family life. His dream was shattered by real experience, but the author pinned his more ardent dream on his works. As Freud said, "dreams are the realization of wishes." In this wonderful dream, he became a poor scholar, but was favored by the fox girl, with all kinds of surprises and affairs. These fox women are not only beautiful, but also have pure temperament and smart wisdom. They are heroic and enthusiastic. When the scholar is depressed, they go over the wall, knock on the lent, throw themselves at each other and recommend their pillows. They don't care about the poverty of scholars, but respect, appreciate and admire them more. They can break through all the boudoir of secular women and the etiquette of male-female communication, give scholars great spiritual comfort and make them feel great pleasure and satisfaction physically and mentally. In fact, this is the sustenance of Pu Songling's ideal and emotion. In the illusory world he constructed with the fox woman as the concrete image, the fox woman is no longer a concrete thing, but has its own unique characteristics, which makes Pu Songling get rid of the realistic predicament, adjust the repressed and distorted self, and seek self-value in the illusory world, so as to achieve spiritual satisfaction that is difficult to achieve in reality but can be achieved in the illusory world.
In the fourth volume of the History of China Literature edited by Mr. Yuan Xingpei from 65438 to 0999, Mr. Yuan wrote a chapter "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio", which once concluded: "Many stories about the interaction between the fox monster and scholars in strange stories from a Lonely Studio are mostly illusions produced by Pu Songling in his lonely life situation ... Fantasy transcends reality, and the inhuman image of the fox monster can be exempted from human ethics. Through this kind of freedom, Pu Songling wrote many women with non-human symbols, thus getting rid of the shackles of the family, loving the literati independently, and also writing the love between men and women outside marriage, which is prohibited by moral reason. Among them, in addition to a compensation and comparison of reality, it also includes expectations and thoughts on gender relations, highlighting spiritual harmony. " This statement is undoubtedly more objective and fair. [⑤]
Third, insinuate and criticize the dark real society
Mr. Qian Zhongshu said that Pu Songling's creation is "writing about worries and creating art". [6] This kind of worry is a personal worry and a worry of the times. The story of the fox woman written by him reflects all aspects of social life in the early Qing Dynasty, and has a sharp critical edge. He punishes people by writing foxes.
The late Ming and early Qing dynasties in which Pu Songling lived were a period of great social unrest. With the alternation of dynasties and the change of political power, all kinds of contradictions are extremely sharp and complicated. In order to consolidate its rule, the Qing government, on the one hand, densely covered the internet, created literary disasters and strengthened the ideological imprisonment of intellectuals; On the other hand, it is also used to restore the imperial examination to win the hearts of officials. Pu Songling had a rough life. In order to support his family, he had to teach in the library. This frustrated experience gave him the opportunity to get in touch with the lowest level of society, and he had a profound experience and strong dissatisfaction with the reality of the dark society. In order to vent the inner loneliness and dispel the accumulated sadness, and at the same time, to avoid the cruel and harsh trap, the image of fox woman stepped onto the stage of real life. Although these images can be regarded as helpless "sustenance" in the face of harsh reality, on the other hand, it is these unrealistic images that break the boundaries between time and space, man and god, and life and death, so that the works gain another kind of freedom in reflecting reality, so that Pu Songling can write the real reality in surreal form according to his own understanding of life and say what people want to say but dare not say in reality. Therefore, people can see the crooked laws of officials at all levels, the domineering of tyrants and gentlemen, and the tragic situation of ordinary people. Redjade was deeply critical of this.
Song saw that his wife Wei Shi was beautiful and began to possess her. He sent someone to hint that she couldn't succeed, but she fought back and caught Wei Shi. Feng Weng died of shortness of breath after being beaten, and Wei Shi also succumbed to death. "ChengFeng cried and hugged his son. Up to the governor, several times, the pawn can't be straight. "Helpless, the fox Redjade stood up in the collusion between officials and gentry, and the law did not protect the people, so she killed five generals of the Song Empire. However, the government put Feng Xiangru in prison without leaving any evidence. The chivalrous man had no choice but to stick the dagger on the head of the county magistrate's bed, and the county magistrate had to let Feng Xiangru go. Pu Songling uncovered the reactionary, corrupt, hypocritical and cruel feudal regime layer by layer by artistic means, and exposed its ferocious face to the world.
By writing foxes to punish people, it is Pu Songling's clear creative intention to "persuade the good and punish the evil". In The Ugly Fox, Musheng hates the ugliness of foxes, but after seeing the heart of Yuanbao, they become friends again. Later, Mu Sheng was ungrateful when he saw that "the legacy of women's bribery was getting less and less". When commenting on this article, Pu himself also said, "When evil things come, kill them; And the two are virtuous, that is, ghosts can't be negative. " He punishes people through the love story between the ugly fox and Musheng, and greedy people will inevitably come to no good end. In Dongsheng, Pu Songling wrote the story that Dongsheng and Wang Sheng were seduced by a fox. He divided the fox into two parts, the good and the evil. This article uses the evil fox to warn people that "it is a sin to move at the sight of color and die."
In a word, the images of these foxes created by Pu Songling are passionate, dare to break through the shackles of feudal ethics and have distinct personalities. He wrote about their intelligence, wisdom and persistent pursuit of personal freedom and personality liberation; Write that they have a clear love and hate, and have a warm yearning for beautiful things and a happy life; Write that they are not afraid of difficulties and violence, and even sacrifice their lives to help those little people who have suffered from natural and man-made disasters. He uses foxes to write people and endows them with spirituality. No matter what the circumstances, he can help others achieve their goals by extraordinary means. This virtue and magical power in them is the artistic representation of Pu Songling's beautiful ideal. Most of them are ideal people in his heart, which reflects his warm praise and pursuit of beautiful things. Probably Pu Songling himself wouldn't have thought that many years later, his books and many beautiful foxes in them still touched the world, allowing the world to study and interpret with wave after wave of enterprising spirit. The plump and unique artistic images of these fox women he created are always dazzling and shining.