Xu Wei was an outstanding poet, painter, ancient prose writer, dramatist, scholar and thinker in the late Ming Dynasty. /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he is called a "prodigy". Unexpectedly, however, his next fate is so much. Xu Wei's father fell ill and died one hundred days after his birth. Although his father's wife treated him as her own, his biological mother was sold as a handmaiden because of her poor family. At this time, Xu Wei was 10 years old, which caused a heavy blow to his mind. After the death of his first mother, Xu Wei's eldest brother, Xu Huai, began to take charge of housework, but his eldest brother was very unreliable. He was addicted to learning the Tao and seeking immortality, taking Dan medicine, and was not good at managing money, and soon his fortune was gone.
Xu Wei studied hard since childhood, was brilliant and conceited, and was bent on fame. However, the failure of scientific research gave him a fatal blow. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, Xu Wei took the imperial examination for the first time, and the scholar who took the examination actually fell out of Sun Shan. The second time I took the children's test, I still failed. He refused to accept it, so he wrote a letter to the examiner asking for a second interview. The official in charge of the examiner read his brilliant letter and was deeply moved. He was allowed to attend the second interview. After many twists and turns, Xu Wei was finally admitted as a scholar.
After winning the scholar, you can take part in the provincial examination. From then on, Wei Xu went to Hangzhou for an after-sales test every three years. 156 1 autumn, Xu Wei, 4 1 year-old, took the after-sales exam for the eighth time, still missed the scientific examination and returned disappointed. This is also his last time to participate in scientific research. Xu Wei, who can write Shi Wen since he was a child, is bent on becoming famous through scientific research. However, due to the social and political corruption, the darkness of the officialdom and the decline of the family, the Xu family could not afford to buy the examiner. This talented man suffered a lot on this road and failed again and again.
Until he finally woke up to the darkness of the imperial examination hall, in the play "Female Scholar", he shouted out angry words like "I don't want articles to win the world, I want articles to be officials" and "The articles are unfounded since ancient times, and I want yi zhu to secretly nod". In addition to scientific research, Wei Xu's family life is also quite unfortunate, and his marriage is full of twists and turns. He has been married four times in his life, three of which were adopted by his wife.
Because according to local customs, men and women are engaged, and the man has to give the woman about six or seven hundred and twenty pieces of silver as a dowry. His parents died young and lived on his brother. He couldn't afford so much money, so it was really helpless to adopt his in-laws. This dependent life undoubtedly means humiliation. 2 1, appreciated by Pan, a civil affairs historian in Yangjiang, Guangdong, and betrothed his eldest daughter to him. Xu Wei's son-in-law was adopted by the Pan family and married Pan Shi in Yangjiang. Fortunately, the couple love each other. However, the good times did not last long. Pan Shiyi died of lung disease shortly after giving birth to her son Xu Mei.
With the death of two half-brothers, Xu's old house was sealed up after a lawsuit. After leaving Panjia two years after his wife died, Wei Xu, who had nothing, rented a house near Dongcheng County School and opened a school auditorium to make a living as an apprentice. When Xu Wei was 29 years old, she finally found the whereabouts of her sold biological mother and was able to take her to her side to support her.
At the age of 38, Xu Wei, eager to show his talents, was officially called into the Hu Zongxian shogunate and became the aide of Governor Hu. At that time, Xu Wei was recommended to Hu Zongxian because he was good at classical Chinese. Xu Wei felt that Hu Zongxian and Yan Song were closely related, so he refused to accept it and even pretended to be sick in bed. Persuaded by his teachers and friends, he managed to get into the screen, but soon returned to Yin Shan.
He described himself as contradictory when he entered the curtain: once, he wrote a letter to the shogunate for Shao Bao Gong Hu, wrote an article, tied a few words and went out with a pen. I can't afford to lie down. I'm stupid as hell, but I feel safe. Later, the public became more and more loyal, waiting for the cloth. Those who stayed built two phases, gave hundreds of dollars, ate fish and lived in Shandong. People were proud of it, but they were deeply worried.
Xu Wei, who was aloof and informal because of his outstanding talent and literary talent, received special appreciation and preferential treatment in Hu Zongxian shogunate. Hu Zongxian has a high official position, and most officials are afraid of his majesty, so they often dare not look up in front of him. But he gave Xu Wei preferential treatment. Xu Wei lived in Hu Zongxian shogunate for five years and was treated like a "national scholar", but it also laid a hidden danger for his future experience. In these five years, Xu Wei's main job is to write a composition for Hu Zongxian.
Once, Hu Zongxian got a white deer in Zhoushan. In order to cater to Emperor Jiajing's wishes and present auspicious feelings, he ordered Xu Wei to write an article "Entering the White Deer Original Table" on his behalf. After the presentation, Jiajing was overjoyed and awarded Hu Zongxian. The following year, the army got Bailuyuan again, and Xu Wei wrote "Re-entry into Bailuyuan Table" on behalf of Hu Zongxian. Before and after the two articles, Hu Zongxian was rewarded by the imperial court, and his official position rose from second grade to first grade.
Hu Zongxian is more concerned about Xu Wei who reached the peak of his shogunate career. Hu Zongxian is very concerned about Xu Wei's living conditions. With his help, Wei Xu, who had lost his wife for many years, was adopted by the Wangs in Hangzhou, but divorced six months later. A year after finally buying her own house, Wei Xu continued to marry Zhang.
The peaceful settlement in Hu Zongxian is an achievement, but it is also enviable. At this time, Yan Song, a traitor with power in one's hand and in one's hand, fell. Hu Zongxian was suddenly listed as the Yan Song Party and impeached. Hu Zongxian was escorted to the capital and the shogunate was dissolved. Sejong didn't punish Hu Zongxian for his meritorious service, but dismissed him. However, after some officials persecuted by Yan Song were activated one after another, they still regarded Hu Zongxian as the party and political enemy of Yan Song. Xu Wei, once appreciated and reused by Hu Zongxian, was extremely nervous at this time and worried about being implicated.
At this time, Xu Wei, who lived at home and had no ambition, attracted the attention of Li Chunfang, then Minister of Rites. Li Chunfang asked him for sixty taels of silver and hired him as his staff. So, he decided to go to Beijing to show his ambition. However, Li Chunfang has always regarded Hu Zongxian as a political enemy. Although he was very polite to Xu Wei, Xu Wei often thought of the courtesy he received in Hu Zongxian shogunate.
Less than a year later, Xu Wei decided to bid farewell to Li Chunfang and return to Shaoxing. He sold part of his property, collected 60 taels of silver and returned all the money, but Li Chunfang refused to take it back. Xu Wei was afraid that he would get involved in the relationship with Hu Zongxian and get revenge. He is anxious all day, but he is helpless. Later, after being handled by friends, Li Chunfang reluctantly agreed to terminate the employment contract.
After Xu Wei returned to Shaoxing, he drank poems with friends all day to relieve his depression and anxiety. At this time, Yan Shifan, the son of Yan Song, fled back to his hometown in Jiangxi on the way to Leizhou, was denounced, and was arrested and beheaded after returning to Beijing. Yan Shifan case was involved in Hu Zongxian case by political opponents, and Hu Zongxian, who had been dismissed from his post and lived in seclusion, was imprisoned again and died in prison.
At this point, Xu Wei's mood is extremely contradictory. As soon as Yan Song and his son came to power, they took power and oppressed officials. Xu Wei's friends also died of persecution. So Yan Song is a great evil that Xu Wei hates. Cao Cao alluded to the plot of Yan Song in Xu Wei's play Four Sounds Apes. On the one hand, Xu Wei thanked Hu Zongxian for his kindness in meeting him, and thought that he should follow the example of ancient chivalrous men and pay for his own death.
On the other hand, the heart is full of contradictions. Hu Zongxian's article on Yan Song's birthday was written by Xu Wei, full of flattery. Xu Wei feels that as an innocent scholar, he will be criticized by the world because of those ghostwriting articles. His heart was full of difficulties, but he made no excuses. In addition to his grief and indignation, he held the belief that a scholar would die for his bosom friend and wanted to make a clear ambition by dying.
After Hu Zongxian's death, Xu Wei was even more suspicious and worried about all kinds of disasters. He wrote an epitaph for himself in advance, summed up his family background, life and knowledge, and entrusted his collection of calligraphy and painting, inkstone and sword to his friends for sale as funerary objects. After that, he tried his best to commit suicide.
At the onset, he pricked his ear with a sharp thorn, bleeding profusely, but he didn't know the pain. He also hit the kidney capsule with a heavy object and attempted suicide many times. Xu Wei has a poem "Feeling Nine Poems", which describes his nine suicides. /kloc-in the winter of 0/566, Xu Wei was jailed for accidentally killing harem Zhang in a moment of anger. After the full rescue of his friends, he was spared the death penalty and was sentenced to long-term imprisonment.
In prison, he annotated Taoist classics and arranged poems. Four years later, Xu Wei was able to serve his sentence in prison without chains. After being helpless, he mainly made a living by learning calligraphy and painting. Qin Long six years, Qin Long died of illness, Zongshen succeeded to the throne, and the following year was changed to the first year of Wanli. When the new emperor ascended the throne, it was customary to grant amnesty to the whole world. Wei Xu, who had been in prison for six years, was bailed out by his friends and saw the light of day again. Two years later, he was officially released.
After he got out of prison, he really put aside his career. He travels around and leads a leisurely life. Sometimes I drink with friends and write poems, sometimes I go boating in rivers and lakes, visit friends who write poems, and have been to the northern border of Zhen Xuan. During this period, he created a large number of poems, calligraphy and paintings, and also opened a library as a disciple in Beijing. Later, he returned to his hometown of Yin Shan due to the recurrence of his old illness and mental abnormality.
Xu Wei's friend Mei Guozhen commented on him like this: "Wen is an old friend, whose illness is eccentric, whose poems are strange, whose words are strange, whose words are strange, and whose paintings are strange." Mei Guozhen believes that Xu Wei's poems, essays, books and paintings are not only strange, but also his own temperament and even his illness can be amazing. Mei Guozhen's "illness" refers to Xu Wei's self-proclaimed "heart disease", which was formed in the real stimulus and various mutations in life, and finally entangled Xu Wei's mental illness for most of his life.
Liu Shitu is one of Xu Wei's most important representative works. There are only a few strokes in this painting, but it is picturesque everywhere. In the poems with paintings, Xu Wei compares himself to a pomegranate that has lived in the mountains for a long time, and expresses his sad mood that he is not reused and the hero is useless. This painting can be described as painting in poetry and poetry in painting, which conveys China's unique artistic spirit.
Later, Xu Wei simply lived in seclusion, drinking only with his best friends every day and talking about things. Although he is poor, he has a good reputation and many arty officials often visit him. Moreover, he saw through the darkness of officialdom and was very disgusted with the so-called rich and influential people. Once, he pushed the door with his hand and said, "I'm not here." His strange and abnormal behavior offended many people. People can't tell whether he is really sick or not. Some people say he is pretending to be sick.
In his later years, Xu Wei made a living by opening museums, selling paintings and writing articles, but unlike other painters, he only sold paintings when he was very embarrassed. As long as the economy is a little better off, he won't sell paintings. All the high officials and dignitaries who came to ask for paintings were turned away. And those humble master friends, as long as they bring some gifts and greetings, he will wave happily. When he can't make a living, he sells his famous paintings and sundries. Later, even the stone chimes and books sent by friends were sold. In his later years, Xu Wei was poor and sick, and often "wandered alone under the moon".
Several rickety rooms, a man with a southern accent and a northern accent is a poem written by Xu Wei when he painted Ivy House, which expresses his inner sadness and bitterness, condenses his unfortunate situation for decades and is a portrayal of his miserable life. At the age of 73, Xu Wei died suddenly in poverty and illness, lying on straw when he died, with only one dog beside him. Xu Wei wrote a book to record his life, named "Abnormal Spectrum".
One day in the 26th or 27th year of Wanli, Yuan Hongdao, the literary leader of the public security school, went to visit his friend Tao Wangling. In the study of Tao Wangling, he turned out a dirty book of poems. After reading a few poems, he jumped up in surprise and repeatedly asked whether the author of this book was modern or ancient. Tao Tomb was written by fellow countryman Xu Wei, and Yuan Hongdao exclaimed loudly, which was a treasure. The two men cheered loudly while watching under the lamp, so that they woke up all the extremely bookworms and servants.
At this point, Xu Wei has been dead for five or six years. Later, Yuan Hongdao wrote the famous prose classic "Biography of Xu Wenchang" in the history of China literature with beautiful style.