The annual average precipitation is abundant, with 1 0,000 ~1350 mm in most areas. Precipitation is mostly concentrated in May-September, accounting for about 70% of the total annual precipitation, especially on rainy nights at the turn of spring and summer, which is known as "night rain".
Most of the annual average relative humidity in Chongqing is 70%~80%, which is a high humidity area in China. The sunshine hours in the whole year are 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,400 hours, and the sunshine percentage is only 25%~35%, which is one of the regions with the least sunshine in China, with less sunshine in winter and spring, accounting for only about 35% of the whole year.
The main climatic characteristics can be summarized as follows: warm winter and early spring, hot summer and cool autumn, four distinct seasons and long frost-free period; The air is humid and the precipitation is abundant; Weak solar radiation and short sunshine time; There are more clouds and less frost and snow; Light and warm water are in the same season, with remarkable stereoscopic climate, abundant climatic resources and frequent meteorological disasters.
Chongqing is foggy under the dual effects of topography and climate, and is known as "Fog Capital Chongqing" and "Fog Capital". The average annual foggy day is 104 days, while the average annual foggy day in London, England, which is known as the foggy capital of the world, is only 94 days, and that in Tokyo, Japan, which is the foggy capital of the Far East, is only 55 days. Wu Yun in the wall mountain area has 204 foggy days all year round, which is called "the best in the world".
Extended data
The main rivers in Chongqing are Yangtze River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Fujiang River, Qijiang River, Daning River, Apeng River and Youshui River. The main stream of the Yangtze River runs through the whole territory from west to east, with a flow of 665 kilometers, and passes through three anticlines in Wushan, forming the famous Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge in Hubei.
The world-famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River; Jialing River comes from the northwest and joins the Yangtze River in Yuzhong District, and Wujiang River joins the Yangtze River in Fuling District. There are Bili Gorge, Wentang Gorge and Guanyin Gorge, which are the Three Gorges of Jialing River.
There are Daba Mountain in the north, Wushan Mountain in the east, Wuling Mountain in the southeast and Dalou Mountain in the south of Chongqing. The elevation of the main urban area of Chongqing is mostly between 168 ~ 400 meters. The highest peak in the city is Yintiaoling, the main peak of Liang Jie on the eastern edge of Wuxi County, with an altitude of 2796.8 meters; The lowest is the Yangtze River in Wushan County, with an altitude of 73. 1 meter. The height difference in Chongqing is 2723.7 meters.
The territory of high mountains and deep valleys, ravines. Mountain areas account for 76%, hills account for 22%, and valley flat dams only account for 2%. Among them, the area below 500 meters above sea level is 3 1.8 thousand square kilometers, accounting for 38.1%of the national territory;
20,900 square kilometers at an altitude of 500-800 meters, accounting for 25.46438+0% of the land area; 16800 square kilometers at an altitude of 800 ~ 1200m, accounting for 20.42% of the national territory; 1.280 square kilometers at an altitude of 1.280 meters, accounting for 15.56% of the national territory. ?
Chongqing's topography gradually decreases from north to south towards the Yangtze River basin, with hills and low mountains in the northwest and middle, and two mountains, Daba Mountain and Wuling Mountain, in the southeast, with many slopes, so it is called "Mountain City". The general terrain is high in the southeast and northeast, low in the central and western regions, and gradually decreases from north to south to the Yangtze River basin. ?
The main rivers in Chongqing are Yangtze River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Fujiang River, Qijiang River, Daning River, Apeng River and Youshui River. The main stream of the Yangtze River runs through the whole territory from west to east, with a flow of 665 kilometers, and passes through three anticlines in Wushan, forming the famous Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge in Hubei.
The world-famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River; Jialing River comes from the northwest and joins the Yangtze River in Yuzhong District, and Wujiang River joins the Yangtze River in Fuling District. There are Bili Gorge, Wentang Gorge and Guanyin Gorge, which are the Three Gorges of Jialing River.
Chongqing is the only municipality directly under the central government with ethnic autonomous areas in China, which has jurisdiction over 4 autonomous counties, 1 district (Qianjiang district) enjoying preferential policies for ethnic autonomous areas and 14 ethnic townships.
In 20 12, the population of Chongqing was mainly Han nationality, in addition to Tujia, Miao, Hui, Manchu, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Mongolian, Tibetan, Bai, Dong, Uygur, Korean, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa and Lahu.
The total population of ethnic minorities is 6.5438+0.93 million, of which Tujia has the largest population of 6.5438+0.39 million, followed by Miao, with about 480,000 people. The minority population accounts for 5.8% of Chongqing's population.
Chongqing's economic construction has basically formed a pattern of coexistence of large agriculture, large industry, large transportation and large circulation, and it is the largest economic center city in southwest China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. ?
In 20 17, Chongqing's GDP reached 1950027 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3% over the previous year. In terms of industries, the added value of the primary industry133.962 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0%; The added value of the secondary industry was 859,665.438 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5%;
The added value of the tertiary industry was 956.404 billion yuan, an increase of 9.9%. The proportion of tertiary industry structure is 6.9:44. 1:49.0. According to the resident population, the city's per capita GDP reached 63,689 yuan (US$ 9,433), an increase of 8.3% over the previous year.
In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), China Western Academy of Sciences was founded in Beibei at the initiative of Lu Zuofu. It consists of four research institutes, museums, libraries and public schools, and is engaged in scientific research and personnel training. ? [70]? In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), Sichuan Central Industrial Experimental Station was established in Chongqing, and Sichuan Central Agricultural Experimental Station was established in Ciqikou, Chongqing.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), chinese chemical society Chongqing Branch was established. In the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), China Hydraulic Engineering Society and China Nursing Society moved from Nanjing to Chongqing.
20 17, Chongqing research and experimental development (r&; D) the expenditure is about 35 billion yuan. At the end of the year, there were 148 key laboratories above the municipal level, including 8 national key laboratories. There are 527 engineering technology research centers, including National Center 10. Enterprise engineering technology research centers 164.
In the whole year, * * * accepted 65,000 patent applications, including1.9,000 invention patent applications. There are 35,000 authorized patents, including 6 138 invention patents. By the end of the year, there were 2,027 high-tech enterprises and 22,000 effective invention patents. In the whole year, 2 129 technology markets were signed, with a turnover of 1, 21.70 billion yuan.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Chongqing