), the expansion of Hongwu in the third year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1370), has a history of more than 2,700 years. So far, it has preserved the basic features of the county town in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (A.D.1368 ~191), and it is the most complete existing ancient city in the Han area of China.
Pingyao is located on the east bank of Fenhe River, at the southwest end of Taiyuan Basin, adjacent to Qixian County, another famous national historical and cultural city. Tongpu Railway and Dayun Expressway run through the county. The economy is dominated by agriculture, mainly producing grain, cotton, beef and lacquerware. Among them, beef is quite famous, and there are folk lyrics of "Pingyao Beef Taikoo Cake".
Pingyao was once the financial center of China in the late Qing Dynasty, with the most complete ancient county structure in China.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to the State of Jin, and in the Warring States Period, it belonged to the State of Zhao. Tao Ping County, located in Zhongdu County in Qin and Han Dynasties, is the capital of clan acting as king. The Northern Wei Dynasty was renamed Pingyao County. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 20 banks headquartered in Pingyao, accounting for half of the country.
In fact, it is also called "China Ancient Wall Street". The largest of these is Rishengchang, the first bank in China, which was founded in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty and is known as "Huitong World".
Pingyao has basically retained the embryonic form of the county seat in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is known as the "turtle city". The street pattern is in the shape of "earth", and the architectural layout follows the direction of gossip, which embodies the urban planning concept and shape distribution in Ming and Qing Dynasties. city
There are more than 300 sites and ancient buildings at home and abroad, and nearly 4,000 well-preserved Ming and Qing dwellings. Shops along the street all reflect the original historical features and are called living samples for studying ancient cities in China.
Pingyao City Wall was built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, with 6 city gates, 4 watchtowers and 72 watchtowers. Among them, the south gate wall section collapsed in 2004, and most of the rest are still intact, which is the existing regulation in China.
One of the ancient city walls with large model, early history and complete preservation is also the core component of Pingyao ancient city, a world heritage. In addition, Zhenguo Temple, Shuanglin Temple and Pingyao Confucian Temple are also included in the world heritage protection.
Wai.
Pingyao Ancient City 1986 the State Council was announced as the second batch of national historical and cultural cities. At present, there are three national key cultural relics protection units in the county, which are provincial key units.
There are 6 cultural relics protection units and 90 county-level cultural relics protection units. Its cultural relics, high value and rich content are rare in county-level cities across the country. Among the precious cultural relics in this ancient city, Tianhui No.7 was built in the Northern Han Dynasty.
In 963, the ten thousand buddhas hall of Zhenguo Temple; There is Shuanglin Temple, which was built in Wuping, Northern Qi Dynasty for two years (57 1). There is a Qingxu Pavilion, which was founded in the second year of Tang Xianqing (657). Some were built in the seventh year of the Northern Han Dynasty (963).
Dacheng Hall of Confucian Temple; There is also Huiji Bridge, which was built in the 10th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (167 1).
Rishengchang ticket number
In Qing Dynasty, with the development of commercial economy, Shanxi merchants became more and more popular.
Large firms have gradually formed a commercial system with a general number in Shanxi and a semicolon in other places, operating across regions. In this case, wholesale, transportation and sales bring huge cash transportation business, so it is a new payment method.
-Exchange bank number came into being. In the fourth year of Daoguang (A.D. 1824), on the basis of Pingyao West Street and Xiyucheng Pigment Store, Risheng, the first foreign exchange and bank deposit business in China, was established.
Three years later, we often set up branches in Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other provinces. By the 1940s, our business had further expanded to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. while
At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao banking developed rapidly. At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry. It can be seen that in the modern financial history of China,
Pingyao occupies a very important position.
Ancient city wall
It is said that Pingyao has three treasures, and the ancient city wall is one of them. Pingyao county wall. Ming Hongwu three years (1370)
Built with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, it is the oldest and largest city wall in Shanxi. Both Ming and Qing dynasties have been repaired, but they are basically the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty. The city is square, the wall is about 12 meters high, and the appearance is complete.
Brick, crib mouth built on the wall, there is a moat outside the wall, 4 meters deep and 4 meters wide. There are six gates around the city, two in the east, two in the west, one in the north and one in the south. The East and the West cheat to build urns to facilitate defense. According to records, there are 3000 battlements and 72 watchtowers here.
It symbolizes 3000 disciples of Confucius and 72 saints. After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the city wall is still dazzling.
The treasure of the ancient city wall is the city wall of Pingyao County. Ming Hongwu three years (1370
Built), with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers, it is the oldest and largest existing city wall in Shanxi. Both Ming and Qing dynasties have been repaired, but they are basically the shape and structure of the early Ming dynasty. The city is square, the wall is about 12 meters high, and the appearance.
All made of bricks, the crib is built on the city wall, and there is a moat outside the city wall, 4 meters deep and 4 meters wide. There are six gates around the city, two in the east, two in the west, one in the north and one in the south. The East and the West cheat to build urns to facilitate defense. There are 3000 battlements and 72 watchtowers.
It is said that it symbolizes three thousand disciples of Confucius and seventy-two saints. After more than 600 years of wind and rain, the city wall is still dazzling. The streets, shops and houses in Pingyao ancient city have maintained the traditional layout and style. Jiedaocheng
Cross-shaped, the store is built along the street. The pavement is strong and tall, with colored paintings under the eaves and colored carvings on the beams, which are antique. The houses behind the pavement are quadrangles with blue bricks and gray tiles, and the axes are clear and symmetrical. The whole ancient city
It presents a quaint style.
Zhenguosi mountain gate
There is Zhenguo Temple at the north gate of the ancient city, which is the second treasure of the ancient city. Built in the Five Dynasties (A.D. 10 century), the Buddha Hall of this temple is the third oldest wooden structure in China, with a history of over 1000 years. The five-generation colored sculptures in the temple are rare sculptures.
The third treasure of the ancient city of Shuanglin Temple is Shuanglin Temple in the southwest of the city. The temple was built in Wuping, Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 57 1). There are more than 2,000 colored plastic statues from Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty (13 ~17th century) in more than 0/0 halls in the temple, which is known as the "treasure house of colored plastic art".
Shuanglinsi
flat
The city wall of Yaocheng was built in the period of Western Zhou Xuanwang (827-782 BC), and it is a rammed earth wall. Ming Hongwu was rebuilt in the third year (1370), from the original "18 steps in nine miles" to "four points in twelve miles"
Li "(6.4 kilometers), changed the rammed earth wall into a brick wall. According to the legendary saying that "the mountains and rivers rise in the morning, the water plays in front of the turtle, and the city is built on this basis, so as to win", the meaning of "auspicious longevity" of the turtle is taken to build the "turtle city". Ming and Qing dynasties
Two generations have done it 25 times. The plane of the city wall is square, with a circumference of 6162.7m, a height of10m, a mound height of 2m and a top width of 3-5m. The walls are compacted with plain soil, and 77 drainage channels are built with external blue bricks and internal wall bricks.
On the outside of the top of the wall, there are 2-meter-high crib walls (also called horse-blocking walls), with 3000 cribs, 72 watchtowers and protective walls. There are four turrets, with tables on the east wall, on the top of the southeast corner city.
Build Kuixing Building and Wenchang Pavilion. Due to the need of military defense, Pingyao city wall has six-door urn, one in the north and one in the south, and two in the east and west. In the south, it is called Yingxun, and in the north, it is called Gong Ji. Go to the East Gate of Taihe, the East Gate in Qin and Han Dynasties, the West Gate in Yongding and the West Gate in Phoenix.
Instrument, each urn has a double-eaved tower, located on the top of the mountain, and there are six-door urns outside the suspension bridge. There is a moat 3 meters wide around the city wall. There are Taishan Mountain and Liugen River in the south of the city, and "the mountains and rivers are rising in the sun, and turtles are playing in the water". So far,
The walls, streets, houses, shops, temples and other buildings in the ancient city are still basically intact, and the original form and pattern remain basically unchanged. All belong to an organic part of the existing historical sites of Pingyao ancient city.
Waibao
build
A small town outside the city gate, also known as the Moon City, is used to enhance the city's defense capabilities. The previous episode of the martial arts master guarding the city recorded: "Is the urn outside the city round or square? Depending on the terrain, the height and thickness are the same as those in the city, but there is a door on the left and right.
Suit yourself. "The urn door of Pingyao ancient city is at a 90-degree angle with the gate (except the south gate and the lower east gate). Even if the enemy breaks through the urn door, there is still a main entrance defense, because the place in the urn city is not easy to shrink.
When launching a large-scale military attack, the enemy's attack speed is slowed down, and the defenders at the top of the city wall can shoot from all directions, giving the enemy a fatal blow. The so-called closing the door and hitting the dog, catching turtles in a jar.
city
Built at the top of the city gate, this building was sometimes called "Chenlou" in ancient times. There are six towers in Pingyao City Wall, which were built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the forty-second year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1703). Tower height 16. 14m.
The width of five rooms is13.72m, and the depth of four rooms is10.04m.. Simple and generous shape, dignified and steady structure. The tower is an exquisite and beautiful high-rise building, with the city wall as the top. In peacetime and wartime, it is the main investigation and command.
Important high-altitude defense facilities in an ideal city.
Turrets are built on the four corners of the city wall, which are mainly used to make up for the weakness of the defense links at the corners of the city wall, thus enhancing the defense capability of the whole city wall. The turret refers to the "Xiadie Tower" in the northwest corner and the "July Tower" in the northeast corner respectively. The "Airui Building" in the southwest corner and the "Ningxiu Building" in the southeast corner.
main points
Jiang Tai is located on the top of the city wall between the Upper East Gate and the Lower East Gate, and now it is a brick platform. According to legend, after Zhou Xuanwang ascended the throne in 827 BC, he sent a general, Yin Jifu, to lead an army to the Northern Expedition and won Lien Chan's victory, and was ordered to station troops in Pingyao today.
Build more city walls, train foot soldiers and practice martial arts here. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people built Gaozhen Temple in the place where Yin went on patrol to commemorate their achievements. When the city walls were built in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the "Gaozhen Temple" was integrated.
The wide platform at the top of the city makes you feel relaxed and happy. The poem says, "The terraced fields are hundreds of feet away from the county, and Gifu Xun is famous in front." The grass has been blocked for a long time, and Longqi dare not go out for the year. "
The moat is nearby.
Haogou is at the gate. In order to resist the invasion of foreign enemies, ancient humans dug trenches around settlements, resulting in banded highlands and inspiring people to build city walls. The appearance of the city house can be regarded as taking local materials when the city wall was rammed for the first time.
The results of the soil. The pool of water in the city has become a river and an insurmountable defense line. "Only the city is surrounded by people and the pool is surrounded by the city." "Pool" is the barrier of "city", so it is often called "moat". The suspension bridge spans the city.
Wooden bridge, the outward-facing end of the bridge is tied with ropes, and the bridge deck can be lifted by pulleys and winches at any time to break the road.
The podium and turret of the turret are piers protruding from the four corners of the city wall, which are integrated with the wall.
Taiwan Province. A tower is built on each turret, which is called the famous turret. The angle between the turret and the city wall is 135, and the height and volume of the turret are between the tower and the enemy tower. In wartime, the defenders in the watchtower are well-commanded, with a wide field of vision and can be monitored.
Accuse and attack the invading enemy from many angles. Because of its unusual strategic position, the podium and turret were listed as important projects in the maintenance project of Pingyao city wall in past dynasties. Qing Daoguang Xianfeng six years.
During the overhaul, the broken "four-corner watchtower" (that is, the turret) was simply demolished and a higher two-story pavilion with brick and wood structure was rebuilt. The building plane is square, covering an area of 27 square meters, with arches on the facade and brick steps inside.
There are circular observation windows on all sides of the second floor. The building is made of brick, wooden floor, and the roof stands on the mountain, with five ridges and six beasts. Traditional architectural art is integrated into the military fortress.
Horse face and watchtower "horse"
"Face" is an attached pier protruding outward from the city wall, named after the face as slender as a horse. The setting of "horse face" not only enhances the firmness of the city wall, but also eliminates the battlefield dead angle in the city defense war: 1
Once the enemy forces in Enemy at the Gates are attacked, the guards on adjacent horses can be organized into a cross-shooting net, so that the attackers can be defeated by the enemy forces from left to right. Pingyao city wall has a horse face every 60 meters-100 meters, and there is a lookout on the horse face.
This building is called the "enemy building". According to old books, when the Pingyao City Wall was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, only 40 enemy bunks were built, which increased to 94 in the third year of Qin Long (1569) and the third year of Wanli (1575), and the city was surrounded by bricks and stones.
At the same time, 72 watchtowers were converted into brick and wood structures, which have been repaired for generations and have been preserved to this day. "The watchtower is square in plane, covering an area of 10.24 square meters. It is double-decked, bricked with four walls, with a hard top covered with cylindrical tiles (Taihe Gate).
There are ridges on the roofs of two enemy towers around Wengcheng. The ground floor faces the city side, and there are wooden stairs in the building. The upper floor is equipped with a floor, and there are two holes in the arch window around the building. Looking up at those watchtowers, it's like a forest of sentries.
That's great. The windows upstairs look like giant's eyes and ears, and most watchtowers still face a street in the city to monitor them. It can be seen that the watchtower has the function of public security prevention in peacetime and wartime.
wall
The main body of Guancheng and Pingyao city wall are square in plane layout, facing south, 15 east. The reason why the city pursues "founder" is not to explain what the ancients said, "the sky is round and the Tao is in the middle", but it comes from scientific construction.
Architectural conception: In addition to the circle, the shortest perimeter can be surrounded by the largest square. Of course, the direction of the city faces south, but the county seat is not as good as the imperial city, so it is just in line with the perennial 15.
Dominant wind direction, bathed in abundant sunshine every day. There are Zhongdu River in front of the city, Taishan and Chaoshan in the distance, which are connected with mountains and water, and are full of vitality. The circumference of Pingyao City Wall is 6162.68m (compared with the "Twelve Li Eight Fenwei" in the early Ming Dynasty).
Li Pei, in which the east wall1478.48m, the south wall1713.80m (the linear distance between the south ends of the east and west walls is only1500m), the west wall1494.35m, and the north wall/.
The meters, east, west and north are all straight, but the south wall shrinks like a turtle as the Zhongdu River winds. China ancient etiquette system stipulated that the city of the son of heaven was nine miles, the city of the duke was seven miles, the city of the marquis and the count was five miles, and the city of the viscount was five miles.
Li San. Pingyao City is three miles square, which is obviously the largest city at the lowest level (i.e. the county seat) in ancient times. Shi Chuanming's old town of Pingyao before Hongwu was nine miles and eighteen steps. Last words from a citizen surnamed Ji in this city.
It is known that in the ninth year of Yuan Dynasty (1349), the west of Shaxiang Street in this city was still outside the city, and "mulberry gardens became forests, and birds sang". In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), the west city wall was destroyed by floods, leaving a red color.
Color sand, when the city was expanded the next year, the city wall moved westward, so today's Shaxiang Street came into being. In addition, the street name of Yao Chang Street in this city comes from the kiln where city bricks were fired during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Since it is a kiln, it should be outside the old city, so the north of that year.
The city wall is not far from Yao Chang Street. Judging from this, the circumference of the old city is very consistent with the saying of "eighteen steps and nine miles". The three-year expansion and reconstruction of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty laid the basic shape of the existing city wall, with a height of "three feet and two meters"
Foot ",the bottom width is 8m- 12m, and the top width is 3m-6m. The early city walls were rammed with plain soil, and the rammed soil wall foundation was rammed with natural soil. There are 6 cm -7 cm diameter cork in the rammed soil layer left over from the Ming Dynasty.
From now on, every two meters is a layer, and the spacing of cork plane distribution is 2 meters to 3 meters. The diameter of rammed earth rammed nest is 15cm, the depth is 2cm-3cm, and the rammed layer is 12cm- 15cm. The wall is divided into15%-
20%。 There is a stone foundation outside the rammed earth wall, and the retaining wall is wrapped with special blue bricks (34 cm * 17 cm *7.7 cm). Brick linings of 58cm * 80cm shall be built in the retaining wall every 5m-6m.
Stack, connected with rammed earth wall. The thickness of retaining wall is 87 cm, 70 cm and 53 cm from bottom to top, and the height of each floor accounts for about one third of the total height of the wall, and the wall is divided into 9%. The cross section of the wall forms a
Trapezoidal At the root of cornice wall, aproll steps are built along the direction of big wall, commonly known as small city wall. The steps are 1 m high and 3 -5 m wide, and the countertop is paved with half bricks. Cornice wall, brick stack wall, 2m high, 53cm thick, each stack is long.
1.39m, with three layers of tiles, with observation holes 25cm high and17.7cm wide. There is a crib mouth between battlements, which is 53 cm wide and used for shooting. Under the wall of each crib, a rectangle as big as the crib is opened.
The "gun hole" is used to accommodate the gun body and launch it in a kneeling position. The 3,000-pile wall in Chengyou, Pingyao, eliminates the rigidity of the high wall and thick wall from the shape, which is in line with the pursuit of the balance of Yin and Yang in Yi-ology. In wartime,
The military forces guarding the city are enough to block the arrow stone, so the crib wall is also called the horse wall. At the top of the inner eaves wall, a low brick wall is built to protect safety. The top of the city wall is covered with a blue brick ridge, which scatters water at the nozzle under the parapet and discharges it to the city horse through a brick sink.
Tao.
City Gate and City Wall Pingyao City has six ancient city gates, each with two. A bird's eye view of Pingyao ancient city looks like a turtle trying to move. "Turtle" has a head south and a tail north, and its four doors are compared to the four feet of a turtle.
Sometimes called "Turtle City". Outside the south gate, the ancient Zhongdu River winds through, which has aroused the feeling of ancient literati that "the water is playing in front of the turtle, the mountains and rivers are rising, and the city is used". The tortoise is a symbol of good luck and longevity.
The theory of "turtle city" originated from the ancient people's worship of "four spirits", which means long-term stability.
Pingyao is high in the south of the city and low in the north. All directions open the door and the people face peace.
The terrain is different, and the six gates are called South Gate, North Gate, Upper East Gate, Upper West Gate, Lower East Gate and Lower West Gate respectively. In fact, each has its own name. According to the thirty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, "The Records of Fenzhou County O Building Volume" contains: "Qin Long has known for three years.
Yue Wei County built a suspension bridge outside Liumen, erected brick doors, laid stones, and published the word "Wei Zhaung" to show its grandeur. Dongmen 2: One says mechanical mouth, the other says smooth mouth, which exists now. Simon II: One is biting the mouth, and the other is threatening the enemy. Meng Yi has been a magistrate of a county in Qin Long for six years.
The pulse city is made of bricks, and the provincial judge reminds Liang. In the twenty-second year of Wanli, the urn ring was demolished, and the south gate was called Burning Mouth, and the north gate was called Xirong. "In the Qing Dynasty, the city wall was overhauled after 30 years of Daoguang, and Liu Xu, a magistrate of a county, repaired the six doors again.
Name and personally receive the tablets: Ying Xun, Gong Ji, Taihe, Yongding, Qin and Han Dynasties and Fengyi. The south of the city faces the east, and the south gate welcomes the wind of harmonious fumigation in the southeast to "welcome the door of fumigation"; The ancients used Polaris as a symbol.
As a symbol of the North, Confucius said, "Governing the country by virtue is like the North Star living in its place and the stars are everywhere." The north gate is called the "arch", which means that it is surrounded by all sides and everyone respects it. Shangdongmen is located in a dynamic position, full of vitality and security.
Harmony means "Taihe Gate"; Shangximen is named "Yongdingmen", which means that the country will be forever solid, the country will be prosperous and the people will be safe. Xiadongmen has been the strategic hub of the city since ancient times. The word "pro-Han" on the plaque is intended to warn people to "take advantage of Han militarily" and serve the defense.
It is our duty to protect our country; The name of Xiaximen is called "Fengyimen", which seems to be influenced by the myth that there is a phoenix coming to the DPRK outside the West Gate in the early years. "90% of the whistle comes to the instrument", and the phoenix comes with the instrument, which is auspicious and inspirational.
And thinking about benefiting the people with virtue, the country will be rich and strong.
The city wall is used for defense in war, and the city gate is the weakness of the defense line. In order to strengthen the defense, it built a wall between the city gates.
A heavy door is built outside to form another line of defense outside the inner door. The enclosed space between the inner and outer doors is like a small town outside a big city. The "small town" is called "the urn". During the war, the urn provided the soldiers guarding the city with the same thing.
It is an excellent condition for the enemy to detour. Feng Shui experts use the urn to "ward off evil spirits", but the urn is enough to keep out the dust from the suburbs, which is very realistic. The Wengcheng system in China originated from the Han Dynasty. When did Wengcheng begin to exist in this city? No textual research, just make it clear.
In the fourth year of Germany (1509), the east gate urn was built, in the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552), the tower was updated in the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562), and in the twenty-second year of Wanli (1594), the building urn was built.
In the thirty-fifth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1696), the south gate urn was restored, and in the forty years (170 1), the east gate urn was restored. In the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), the emperor toured the west via Pingyao.
It's six towers and it's been renovated. In forty-four years (1705), the main entrance of Shangdong Gate was repaired. From the 30th year of Daoguang (1850) to the 6th year of Xianfeng (1856), all-round and all-round planning was carried out.
Mo's wall repair project once "built five gates in the east, west and north, but it was still built on the foundation, but the south gate was a few feet higher", which created the existing regulations. Within the gates of six ancient cities, there are four roads, east and west, facing each other, going up to the east gate, up to the west gate and down.
The heavy doors of Ximen are all open to the south, facing the distant mountains and rivers, making them "satisfied"; The central axis of the lower east gate is parallel to the central axis of the inner gate and faces the official road leading to Kyoto to show respect for the court. Although the heavy door of the south gate and
The inner door is wrong, but it still faces south. The heavy door of the north gate is 90 degrees from the inner door, which opens eastward and bathes in the dawn of the east.
The tower refers to the tower on the city wall and is a symbol of "city".
The magnificent appearance shows the grandeur of the city and the elegance of the nation. Pingyao Tower existed in the Ming Dynasty and was rebuilt in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The towers at the south and north gates are seven-purlin corridors with three eaves and two floors, and the towers at the east and west gates are the most important.
Under the eaves on the second floor, there are seven cloisters. In ancient or modern wars, brick and wooden towers are observation posts, headquarters for guarding generals and extremely important shooting positions. In modern security warfare, its role is not enough.
That's why.
Complete ancient residential community: Pingyao ancient city basically maintained its original pattern after being rebuilt in the third year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370), which can be verified by documents and objects. The main houses in Pingyao City were built in A.D. 1500.
1840 ~1911year. The layout of residential buildings is rigorous, the axis is clear, the left and right sides are symmetrical, the primary and secondary are clear, the outline is undulating, the appearance is closed, and the courtyard is deep. Exquisite wood carving, brick carving and stone carving have a strong local flavor.
Paper-cut window grilles are vivid and lifelike, which is by far the most intact ancient residential community in Han areas.
Developed financial city: Pingyao is one of the ancient commercial cities in China.
One of the famous birthplaces of Shanxi merchants. In the 4th year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1824), Rishengchang, the prototype of China's first modern bank, was born in Pingyao. Three years later, Rishengchang was in many provinces of China.
Branches have been set up. From 65438 to 1940s, its business further expanded to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao's banking industry developed rapidly and reached its peak.
During this period, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry, manipulating and controlling China's modern financial industry.
Historical Location: Pingyao is an ancient place in China.
One of the famous birthplaces of "Shanxi merchants" in contemporary commerce. In the 4th year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1824), Rishengchang, the prototype of China's first modern bank, was born in Pingyao. Three years later, Rishengchang was in China.
Many provinces have set up branches. From 65438 to 1940s, its business further expanded to Japan, Singapore, Russia and other countries. At that time, driven by Rishengchang Bank, Pingyao banking developed rapidly.
At its peak, there were as many as 22 banks here, which once became the center of China's financial industry.
Cultural value: Pingyao ancient city was built in the period of West Zhou Xuanwang.
827-782), which has a history of more than 2700 years. Pingyao has been the seat of "county rule" since the implementation of the "county system" in China in 22 1 BC, and it has continued to this day. This is the most basic level in China.
A first-class city. The ancient city wall preserved now is the original state when it was expanded in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1370). The existing six temple buildings, county halls, towers and other ancient buildings in the city are original. There are big cities in the city.
There are many small streets and alleys 100, which is still the original historical form. The commercial shops on both sides of the street are basically buildings from 17 to 19 century. There are 3797 traditional houses in the city, of which more than 400 are of high preservation value.
Unique style.
Cultural relics: Pingyao ancient city has a history of more than 2700 years since its own city-building activities. In the long process of development, how many cultural relics have been preserved.
It is a "cultural relic county" in Shanxi Province and is known as "the treasure house of ancient buildings in China". The numerous cultural remains of Pingyao ancient city not only represent the ancient cities of China in different historical periods.
The architectural forms, construction methods and material standards of this period also reflected the artistic progress and aesthetic achievements of different nationalities and regions in ancient China. Cultural relics are unique and rich.
Cultural characteristics: Pingyao ancient city was built according to the traditional planning ideas and architectural styles of the Han nationality, which embodies the historical and cultural characteristics of the Han nationality around 14 to 19, and is of great significance to the study of the society in this period.
Form, economic structure, military defense, religious belief, traditional ideas and ethical forms of human habitation all have important reference value. It has the traditional cultural characteristics of the Han nationality.
Complete ancient residential community: Pingyao ancient city basically maintained its original pattern after being rebuilt in the third year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370), which can be verified by documents and objects. The main houses in Pingyao City were built in A.D. 1500.
1840 ~1911year. The layout of residential buildings is rigorous, the axis is clear, the left and right sides are symmetrical, the primary and secondary are clear, the outline is undulating, the appearance is closed, and the courtyard is deep. Exquisite wood carving, brick carving and stone carving have a strong local flavor.
Paper-cut window grilles are vivid and lifelike, which is by far the most intact ancient residential community in Han areas.
Developed financial city:/kloc-Pingyao ancient city in 0/9th century.
In the middle and late period, it is one of the most developed cities in the financial industry, the most influential place for banks and financial industry headquarters, and the most concentrated place for financial industry headquarters. For a while. Used to manipulate and control China.
Modern financial industry in China. During the period of 100, the ancient city of Pingyao had a positive impact on the modern economic development of China. [ 10]
Edit this passage about folk customs, civil society, fire and drought.
The boat is woven with bamboo strips, wooden strips and colored silk, and is wrapped in satin, and then covered with wooden strips and satin. During the performance, accompanied by drum music, one person plays a woman in a boat, with ribbons tied on her shoulders and sitting on the "boat" with her prosthetic feet.
I like to go by boat. The other man dressed as a boatman and paddled in front. Most of them are stories related to boats in ancient operas, such as Fisherman Killed the Family, Xu Xian Toured the Lake, Qiu Jiang and so on.
Push-gloss lacquerware Push-gloss lacquerware is a kind of advanced painting equipment with technical properties, which is named after the palm pushes out luster. Shanxi's famous handicraft Pingyao push lacquer ware is simple and elegant in appearance, full of luster, magnificent in painting and delicate and smooth in hand.
Moisturizing, heat-resistant and moisture-proof, durable, it is a fine product in lacquerware. According to records, Pingyao's production of push-light lacquerware began in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty with a long history. Most of the existing varieties are high-grade screens, hanging screens and so on. Primer is mostly ink.
With black, rosy clouds, apricot yellow and cyan purple as the main colors, it is painted with patterns with national style, or painted with gold, or carved with knives, or embedded with drums, with smooth lines, harmonious colors and great momentum. Pingyao push light lacquerware production, points
Wooden tire, gray tire, painter, painter, mosaic. At present, Pingyao Tuiguang lacquerware is exported to 28 countries and regions in the world. Pingyao Tuiguang Lacquerware has successively won the Hundred Flowers Award Silver Cup Award and the Gold Cup Award of National Arts and Crafts. world
The high-quality products of the Expo are exported to more than 30 countries and regions. Become the best-selling product in the international market.
Pingyao beef is a famous specialty of Pingyao with a long history. As early as the mid-Ming Dynasty, it became famous in all directions. It is made of high-quality calf leg meat by cooking and pickling. The meat is tender, fat but not greasy, thin but not firewood, crispy and delicious. Historically, the famous spiced beef processing workshops in Pingyao City have old brands such as "Wang Longsheng", "Xingshenglei" and "Cheng Zili".
Pingyao bowls and plates are pasta snacks with a long history in Pingyao. It was invented by Dong Xuan, a chef of the Qing Dynasty, and has a history of one hundred years. It has the characteristics of smooth and delicious texture.