-Cao Cao
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Professor: Boarding means sightseeing.
Jie
Jieshi: mountain name. Jieshi Mountain is located in Jieshi Mountain, Changli County, Hebei Province. In the autumn of 207 AD, Cao Cao passed by when he received Wu Huan.
Mr Hu: How?
pellet
Lian: The water waves are swaying.
native place
Hey hey: Stand up straight. Stand straight. "Shrugging", high. Mao: high.
Bleak: The sound of trees being blown by autumn wind.
Xing Han: Galaxy.
Fortunately, I am very happy.
To: extremely.
Even glad: I am very lucky and very good.
Chanting ambition: that is, expressing one's mind.
The last two sentences are not directly related to the main body of the poem.
This is the first chapter of Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen".
Literally, the sea, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind, and even the sun, moon and stars are all immediate scenery. This poem describing natural scenery seems to have never been written by Cao Cao in the history of China literature. It not only describes the whole landscape, but also has its own style. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. By writing about the sea, the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions. But this kind of feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery, which contains feelings. Every sentence is about the scenery and every sentence is lyrical. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.
In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), Cao Cao led an army to conquer Wuhuan, which was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. This is an important war in Cao Cao's great cause of reunifying the north. On the way to the expedition, I wrote the Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen" (belonging to "Harmony Song, Sediao Song"). This group of poems consists of five parts, starting with the word "Yan", that is, preface poems. The following articles are named after poems, namely Watching the Sea, Winter in October, He (also known as Different Land) and Guifengshou. From the perspective of music melody, the five parts are a whole, and from the perspective of lyrics, the four parts can be independent.
"Looking at the Sea" was written in September this year when Cao Cao marched north to Wu Huan and destroyed the remnants of Yuan Shao. This four-character poem depicts the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains through the natural scenery that the poet saw when he climbed to the sea. It not only depicts the moving images of mountains and seas, but also expresses the heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit of the poet. It is a masterpiece describing natural scenery in Jian 'an period and one of the earliest representative works of China's classical landscape poems. In the first two sentences, "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east", the poet came to the foot of Jieshi Mountain and climbed to see the sea during the Northern Expedition. Jieshi Mountain was originally located in the southwest of Laoting County in Hebei Province (northwest of Changli County in Hebei Province). The Han Dynasty was still on land, facing the Bohai Sea. Due to the geological changes in the Six Dynasties, it sank into the sea. When the poet climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea, he saw: "Where is the water, where are the mountains and islands?" . Even, the water waves are not exciting. The towering appearance of the island. When the poet climbs the mountain, what he can see is the endless sea, and the islands in the sea stand tall. What a spectacular sight it is! In history, both Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi visited here, carving stones and watching the sea. Now, the poet stands in the place where Qin Huang and Hanwu traveled, commanding, looking at the vast sea and towering islands in the sea, thinking that the Central Plains region has been pacified, the northern expedition to Wuhuan has also won a decisive victory, and the reunification of the north is about to be realized. How excited he is! At this time, the poet's eyes were fixed on the island at sea, and in front of him was a vibrant scene: "There are more trees and more grass. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The trees are covered with grass, and they grow very luxuriantly. A bleak autumn wind blew and the sea was rough. Although the bleak autumn wind gives people a feeling of sadness and killing, the vigorous grass shows its heroic nature; Hongbo is surging, and the more you see it! This is a true description of the natural environment and a concrete portrayal of the poet's subjective feelings. After winning a series of wars, Cao Cao felt that his great achievements were as full of vitality as flowers and trees, and also full of vitality for the surging sea. Below, the poet developed a rich imagination and further described the magnificent spirit and broad mind of the sea embracing the sun and the moon. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The movement of the sun and the moon seems to linger in the embrace of the sea, and the brilliant Milky Way stars seem to be wrapped in the belly of the mother sea. Look, this is the spirit of the sea, the mind of the sea. It's spectacular, it's spectacular.
The poem Looking at the Sea is full of scenery, in which there are no words to express feelings directly, but reading the whole poem can still make people feel the feelings deeply entrusted by the poet. Through the poet's vivid description of stormy waves, we seem to see Cao Cao's great ambition and grand mind of forging ahead and unifying the whole country, and touch the flow of his thoughts and feelings in a typical environment as a poet, politician and strategist. The whole poem is simple in language, rich in imagination, magnificent, desolate and tragic, which has been greatly appreciated by readers of all ages. Shen Deqian commented that this poem "has a cosmic flavor" in "The Origin of Ancient Poetry". This is very accurate.
Yuefu poems in Han dynasty are generally untitled, and the topic of "watching the sea" was added by later generations. Yuefu poems can be sung in the past. The last two sentences of the poem, "Fortunately, singing with ambition", are attached to the poem and have nothing to do with the content of the poem.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Cao (155-220): Wei Wudi. Politicians, militarists and poets in the Three Kingdoms period. Meng De, nicknamed Ayun, was born in Qiao County (now Bo (two provinces) city, Anhui Province). Representative figures of Jian 'an literature.
At first, Lian Xiao was appointed as the Northern Commandant of Luoyang and moved to Dun. Later, in the war to suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising and crusade against Dong Zhuo, the military strength gradually expanded. In the third year of Chuping (A.D. 192), he belonged to Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, and was lured by Zhou Mu's division, so he was made into "Qingzhou Soldiers". The first year of Jian 'an (196), Xu, Xian Di (now Xuchang, Henan). From then on, he gave orders in his name and successively leveled the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. After the battle of Guandu defeated Yuan Shao, a separatist force in Hebei, the northern part of China was gradually unified. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, he ascended the position of Prime Minister, led his troops south, and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Feng Wang Wei. His son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and made him Emperor Wu.
He reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects in the north, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Employ talents, attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class, restrain the strongmen and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the ruling area has been restored and developed. The method of selecting a good soldier is written by Sun Tzu's Brief Explanation of the Art of War, The Art of War and other books. Good poems, such as "A Journey in the Great Miles" and "Watching the Sea", express political aspirations and reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. They are magnificent, generous and sad. Prose is also neat. His works include The Collection of Wei Wudi, which has been lost and compiled by the Ming Dynasty. There is a typesetting copy of Cao Caoji today. Left more than 20 works.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
Climb the high Jieshi Mountain and overlook the vast sea. Jieshi looks at the sea in the east. )
The water waves are surging, and the mountain island is high in the water. What is water, what is a mountain and what is an island. )
There are many trees on the mountain island, and all kinds of exotic flowers and herbs are flourishing. There are many trees and plenty of herbs. )
The bleak autumn wind blows on the water, and there are waves in the water. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough. )
The majestic sun and the bright moon seem to rise on the sea. (the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is out of its territory; )
The brilliant galaxy, the sun and the moon seem to come from the sea. (The star Han is brilliant, and if you take it by surprise. (Intertextuality is used here)
I feel lucky to use this poem to express my feelings. (fortunately serialized, singing. )
1. Writing background of Guanhai
Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he was wooing Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems with Pictures and Feelings and Analysis of Junior Middle School Chinese Texts, Volume II)
Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan this time. Wuhuan was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan conquered Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 Han people. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border, which forced Cao Cao to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In the great war in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, enabling him to March south in the following year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Linking the events before and after, we can see how important a war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wu Huan was. And "Looking at the Sea" was written when I passed Jieshi Mountain on my way to northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao boarded Jieshi as a commander-in-chief, which was also visited by many emperors and Hanwu, and when the autumn wind was bleak, his mood would be as difficult to calm as the sea. He put his high-spirited spirit into the poem and expressed it through the image of the sea, which made this poem have a vigorous and vigorous style and become a masterpiece.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
2. About Jieshi Looking at the Sea in the East (Yuan Xingpei)
"Jieshi looks at the sea in the east." The opening point explains the orientation, place and object of observation. Although these two sentences are not written directly to people, we seem to see Cao Cao's heroism in climbing mountains and looking at the sea. "Jieshi", according to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, was in the southwest of Licheng (now Laoting, Hebei Province) and sank into the sea during the Six Dynasties. The word "Guan" dominates the whole poem and is the clue of the whole poem. The following is what I saw and heard when I climbed the mountain according to the word "Guan".
The first two sentences started smoothly. "Jieshi looks at the sea in the east" means that he climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea. The former Jieshi Mountain is in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province, facing the Bohai Sea.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
3. Six sentences about "What is water like?"
"Where there is water, there are mountains and islands." It's about overlooking the sea from Jieshi Mountain. "Lian Lian" is to describe the swaying appearance of the sea; "What", here when "how". "How about water?" Describe the vastness of the sea, including surprise and praise, which is the first impression of just climbing the top of the mountain. "Ruzhi" is a towering appearance. The meaning of these two poems is: the vast sea is blue and boundless, and only the mountain island at the foot stands high in the center of the sea. As we all know, watching the sea, standing on the shore, sitting on the bow, or climbing to the top of the mountain, our feelings are very different. At this time, when Cao Cao stood on the mountain, the first thing he saw was the panoramic view of the sea. Therefore, he tried to exaggerate the boundless momentum of the sea, giving people a sense of firmness and stubbornness. The towering mountain island suddenly attracted the poet's attention, so he immediately wrote down the scenery on the island: "There are many trees and many herbs." There are thriving scenes everywhere, as if there is infinite life waiting for us to discover. "The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges." With the bleak wind, suddenly set off a huge wave, people feel amazing a little too late! But when we turned our eyes to the surging waves, the poet stopped describing them.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
The six sentences "water" are written in front of the sea. There are only two sentences that really write about the sea. Although there are not many words, the author focuses on the morphological changes of the sea, draws a big outline and writes out the characteristics of the sea. "How about water?" It's about the rough waves of the sea when there is no wind. When there is a strong wind at sea, it will immediately set off an uproar. "Hongbo surges" vividly shows the majestic momentum of the sea in just four words. The word "Yong" is used very well. From this description, we not only see the shape of the sea surging into the sky, but also seem to hear the sound of stormy waves lapping on the shore. Although the author wrote about the sea, he didn't just write about it. If you only write about the boundless and choppy sea water, even if it is well written, it will give people a sense of silence. Therefore, when describing the sea, the author inserted the mountain island vegetation to touch it. With the brushwork of mountain island vegetation, the sea is written with vigor and prosperity, which makes people feel that the sea is not only vast and magnificent, but also beautiful. Let's try to recite these sentences together, and we can appreciate the charm: the vast sea, undulating waves, flapping the coast, towering mountains and islands, lush vegetation swaying in the bleak autumn wind, what a magnificent artistic conception and what a beautiful picture!
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
4. Four sentences about "Journey to the Sun and Moon"
In the face of this charming sea scenery, the author launched a rich and strange imagination. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The sun, the moon and the Milky Way, which keep running, are all contained in this sea. How energetic! These four sentences are the climax of the whole poem, and the author uses exaggerated expression techniques to create an extremely open artistic conception, which adds a positive romantic color to the whole poem. Although highly exaggerated, the author still firmly grasps the majestic characteristics of the sea to write, and exaggeration is reasonable.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
The poet's rich imagination has brought us to a more magnificent realm: "If the journey of the sun and the moon comes out from this; Xinghan is brilliant, if you take it by surprise. "This word 16 describes the vastness of the sea and writes a picture of the sun, moon and stars, including pregnant stars. The sky is connected with water, and the water is connected with the sky, which is boundless. It's really spectacular. " Xinghan is the Milky Way in the sky. The meaning of these four poems is: the sun and the moon rise in the east every day, go around once, and then set to the west, as if rising from the sea and falling into the sea. The starry galaxy is oblique in the sky, and its far end is perpendicular to the sea, as if it originated from the sea. The sun, the moon and the milky way are the most brilliant and greatest images in nature, but the poet feels that their operation is still inseparable from the embrace of the sea, which is like the mother of the sun, the moon and the stars. This broad realm is rare in ancient poetry.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
5. The characteristics of scene blending in watching the sea.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. Facts have shown that the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions by writing about the sea. This feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery. This lyric way is different from many lyric ways of writing landscape poems in ancient times. Many lyric poems describing scenery in ancient times were divided into scenes, or they focused on the scenery above and the emotion below. For example, in Jing Ke's Yi Shui Ge, the sentence "The wind is rustling, Shui Han" focuses on Feng Shui; The next sentence "A strong man will never return" describes the feeling that a strong man will die. For example, Du Fu's "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower", the first part of "With Wu in my east and Chu in the south, we can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth", which focuses on scenery and is also very ambitious; The bottom line is "but there is no news from relatives or friends, I am old and sick, alone with my boat", and the focus is on love writing. Looking at the Sea contains feelings in the scenery and feelings in the scenery. The words in Looking at the Sea are full of passion. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea accurately and vividly depicts the image of the ocean, which is simple and full, rich but not trivial, like a thick charcoal brush stroke. What is particularly commendable is that this poem not only reflects the image of the ocean, but also gives it character. Every sentence is a scene, and every sentence is lyric. It shows the sea and the poet himself. The poet is not satisfied with imitating the shape of the ocean, but tries to express the gestation and turbulent character of the ocean through images. The lifeless sea has a personality in the poet's works. Only in this way can we reflect the face of the sea more truly and profoundly.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
"Looking at the Sea" is a lyric poem, which skillfully combines the seascape in front of me with my own ambition. The climax of watching the sea is at the end of the poem. Its feelings are unrestrained, but its thoughts are subtle. Not only the scene blends, but also the combination of reason and reason. Because it is implicit, it is more enlightening, more stimulating to our imagination and more intriguing. In the past, people praised Cao Cao's poems as deep, full and vigorous, such as "You Yan veteran, charm still exists", which can be confirmed from here.
Precautions:
Walking out of Xiamen, also known as Longxi West, belongs to Xiangruge tonal tune of ancient Yuefu. Xiamen
It turned out to be the gate at the western end of Luoyang city. The Han Dynasty was called Xiamen, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties was called Great Xiamen. As the old saying goes, only "people are changeable in the city, and thousands of miles are easy."
Years old tomb flat "two sentences (see" Selected Works of Shan Li "note). In Yuefu Poems, there is also an ancient poem, "Evil Passing through an Empty Lodge".
Write immortal revelations. Cao Cao's article, "Daqu" in "Records of Le Shu in Song Dynasty", is entitled "Jieshi steps out of Xiamen".
All right. Judging from the content of the poem, it has nothing to do with the meaning of the topic, so it can be seen that it is just writing current affairs through ancient inscriptions. This poem is based on
The word "Yan" (overture) is divided into four interpretations (chapters): watching the sea, winter in October, strange land and being a turtle is a longevity.
For example, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), Wu Huan won the Northern Expedition and returned to Li.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords competed for the Central Plains, and Wuhuan, who lived in western Liaoning, became strong, and they went south.
Attacking the city has become a serious border problem in Hebei province. In the tenth year of Jian 'an (205), Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao in Hebei.
Yuan Shao died of vomiting blood, and his sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, fled to Wuhuan, collaborating with Wuhuan nobles for many times.
Hurt. At that time, Cao Cao was in a disadvantageous position between the north and the south: Liu Biao and Liu Bei were entrenched in Jingxiang in the south, and the Yuan brothers were in the north.
Brother and Wu Huan. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Cao Cao took the advice of Guo Jia, a counselor, and led his troops north in the summer of the twelfth year of Jian 'an.
Sign, may to endless, autumn and July, there was a flood, and the road by the sea was impassable. After accepting Tian Chou's suggestion, he resolutely diverted.
Xu Wushan, out of Lu, directed at Liucheng, won the first world war. In September, he returned to Li smoothly, passing through Jieshi and other places for fun.
Fu wrote this group of famous poems with the theme of "Walking out of Xiamen". This poem describes the scenery around Heshuo and expresses.
Personal ambition embodies the heroic spirit of the poet who is ambitious and omnipotent.
Regarding the Jieshi from Cao Cao, it used to be thought that it was a matter of northern expedition to Wuhuan. In fact, this view is inconsistent with historical facts.
Inconsistent, unbelievable. We use the History of the Three Kingdoms, the Ji of Emperor Wudi and the Biography of Tian Chou to check Cao Cao.
At that time, he boarded Jieshi on his way home from the Northern Expedition in Wuhuan. Because there was a flood when he went there, the road by the sea was impassable, so he had to
Take the road of Xu Wushan and go to western Liaoning. "In September, the public quoted from Liucheng, and ... eleven have arrived in Yishui",
He should "visit Jieshi" and "see the sea" in September or early October of this year (2007). As for the position of Jieshi Mountain today,
At present, there is still controversy in the academic circles, or that the mountain in Laoting County, Hebei Province sank into the sea, or that it really happened.
It is now Jieshi Mountain in the north of Changli County, Hebei Province. Anyway, when Cao Cao climbs the mountain, it should be higher near the sea.
Stone mountain.
Literally, the poem Looking at the Sea is full of sea water, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind and even the sun, moon and stars.
Is the immediate scenery, so in the history of China literature, Cao Cao seems to have never written a poem describing natural scenery.
It is not only a full-length landscape description, but also unique. It is the earliest masterpiece of China's landscape poems, especially the literary historian.
Love. It is worth pointing out that the objective natural scenery reflected in the poet's mind must be subjectively filtered by the poet.
-Understand, integrate, select and emphasize, and then form artistic products. This product is not only objective.
Reflection is also the condensation of the poet's subjective spirit. This poem, written in the autumn sea, can wash away the sad mood of autumn.
The vigorous and magnificent style of writing is closely related to Cao Cao's bearing, personality and even aesthetic taste.
So, even pure landscape works. Because works, even pure landscape works, can't be pure objective photos.
Stage production.
In addition, Cao Cao's existing more than 20 poems, although they are all old poems from Yuefu, are all brand-new. Short name of Shenyang/surname
De Qian pointed out: "Writing current affairs through ancient Yuefu began with Cao Gong." ("Ancient Poetry Source" Volume 5) This is the history of China literature.
Actually, it is also a bold breakthrough. This new style of attaching importance to reflecting real life and not being bound by old songs and sentences,
It greatly promoted the development of the realistic spirit of China's literature. This achievement of Cao Cao is also worthy of recognition and praise.