Is Zhou Dunyi an official or born?

He is the second generation Confucian scholar in China after Confucius and Mencius. Because of his philosophical contributions, he was listed as a world cultural celebrity by UNESCO. However, few people may know that this Song Dynasty poet who wrote China's classic immortal work "Ailian Shuo" was from Guangxi. Guiling Town, under the jurisdiction of Hezhou City, Guangxi, is located at the junction of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and is known as "one foot in three provinces". When the Three Kingdoms belonged to Wu, it was ruled by a county. It is the only place where Qinxiu River Ancient Road passes. Zhou Fucheng, a native of Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty (10/6), was appointed as the county magistrate of Guiling County, Hezhou, Guangxi. After Zhou Fucheng took office, a strange thing happened in Guiling this year: a large number of lotus ponds appeared in Guiling. This year's twelfth lunar month, the lotus flowers that usually bloom in summer are full of colorful lotus flowers, and they are unbeaten all winter. The following year, in the first year of Tianxi in the Northern Song Dynasty (10 17), Zheng, the wife of the county magistrate, gave birth to a son for him in the county government. Zhou county magistrate named his son Dunshi and Mao Shu, and later renamed Dunyi to avoid the emperor's old taboo. Zhou Fucheng county magistrate was born in a scholarly family and was enlightened and diligent for the official. "Everyone will never forget the virtue of administration." He has been in charge of the Guilin regime for many years and won the hearts of the people. Influenced by his family, his son Zhou Dunyi loved reading since he was a child. In addition, he is very talented and famous in his hometown of Guilin. People say that he is "ambitious, knowledgeable and has the demeanor of the ancients." Zhou Dunyi was born at the edge of the lotus pond in Guiling. He was inseparable from the lotus pond throughout his childhood and schooling, so he has a special liking for the lotus pond, especially for the elegant, dignified, beautiful and clean lotus. He loved lotus flowers all his life and encouraged himself by "getting out of the mud without getting stained". 1072, Zhou Dunyi came to Jiangxi and founded Lianxi Academy under the Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain. He named the stream in front of the academy "Lianxi" and called himself "Mr. Lianxi". Because of his passion for lotus, he also built a lotus pavilion in the academy and chiseled a "lotus pond" in front of the lotus pavilion to grow lotus flowers. After giving lectures and studying, I often walk in front of the hall and enjoy the lotus flowers. Later, I wrote an article "Ailian's Theory", and its famous sentence "Out of the mud, but not stained, clear but not demon, straight but not squirming, fragrant far and clear, graceful and pure, far but not ridiculous" became a swan song, which is still widely circulated today. Love Lotus shows Zhou Dunyi's white face and upright spirit with vivid and concise literary talent, and expresses his free and easy mind and loyal will. The character of "getting out of the mud without being stained" advocated by Ailian Theory has become one of the precious elements of China's outstanding humanistic spirit. It has been integrated into the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and has become the yardstick of people's lives, with a long history of influence. In order to commemorate the "Lotus Lover" born in Guilin, Hezhou, there is a "Zhou Zi Temple" in Guilin. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhou Duan, Cheng of Guiling County, wrote in the Preface to the Restoration of the Temple: "There is a temple in Guiling of Kaohe, and there is a pool in front of it. There is a lotus in the pond. Sir ... yearns for the lotus pond, and most of them love the lotus. Since the Song Dynasty, Tang Lian still exists. " At present, Zhou Zi Temple still exists, and it was used as the office of Guiling District during the Republic of China. Now it is the grain depot in Guiling Town. There is also an ancient Tang and Song village in fuchuan county called Fuxi Village, which is next to the ancient river road. At present, there is still the poem name of Zhou Lianxi Temple, in which the statue of Mr. Zhou Dunyi of Lianxi is enshrined, and the full text of Mr. Lianxi's masterpiece "Tai Chi Tu Shuo" and quotations from "Ailian Shuo" are hung on the wall of the temple. The genealogy of the Zhou family in Guzhai records: "When the ancestor Zhou Dunyi passed by as an official in Daozhou, he took a fancy to this treasure trove of geomantic omen, leaving a son to settle here and reproduce it to this day." Zhou Dunyi, the incorruptible and selfless general manager, has served as chief bookkeeper of Fenning County in Hongzhou, manager of joining the Nan 'an Army, judge of Guiyang, magistrate of Nanchang County, judge of Hezhou, judge of Qianzhou, judge of Zhangzhou, the first judge of Xining, and judge of Guangdong transshipment, and has been promoted to some positions in prison. Wherever I go, I have made great achievements. "In Hezhou County for four years, the people are convinced that the official has no husband's hand and dares not be the master." In the fourth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1044), Li Qing served as the commander-in-chief of Nan 'an Army, that is, a military official in charge of politics and law. He was "good at politics and tried his best to be reasonable" and gained a high reputation in the political circles of Nan 'an Army for his fair law enforcement. There was a prisoner who should not be sentenced to death according to law, but Wang Kui was sentenced to death because of transshipment. Wang Kui is Zhou Dunyi's immediate superior, strict and arbitrary, and no subordinate official dares to raise an objection. However, Zhou Dunyi stepped forward and argued with Wang Kui, but Wang Kui did not listen. Zhou Dunyi immediately resigned and said, "I quit killing to please my superiors!" " Fortunately, Wang Kui is more open-minded. He was not angry, but was recognized by Zhou's behavior and admitted his mistake. As a result, the condemned man was saved ... Sima Guang, a famous historian, praised it in his biography of Zhou Lian Creek. Zhou Dunyi spent most of his life as an inspector and working on cases. His brother-in-law, Pu Zongmeng, called him "killing traitors and cutting disadvantages, like a sharp knife and axe, leaving no room for success" in his tomb. Later, he went to Guiyang and Nanchang as county heads. He is a rich man, a gangster, and restrained by his name. He is not an official, but he dares to speak and is upright. He went his own way even though he missed a hundred shots. At that time, the regiment, which was just as famous as Bao Zheng, was once misunderstood and was very strict with him. However, Zhao Tuan is also an upright person after all. When Zhou Dunyi was sentenced in the former state, Zhao Tuan happened to be the magistrate of the state. After carefully investigating what Zhou Dunyi did, he realized that he took Zhou Dunyi and said, "I lost my husband several times, and now I know Zhou Maoshu." Later, Zhao Tuan recommended him to be a Guangdong transshipment judge (equivalent to the current departmental discipline inspection secretary). He took it as his duty to "clear up the unjust, false and wrong cases" and went to investigate the case in person, regardless of difficulties and dangers. Huang Tingjian, a contemporary, pointed out in particular that "the fashion of Wen Maoshu is greedy enough, then the water of this stream (referring to Lianxi) matches Mao Yong and gains more." The predecessors commented on Zhou Dunyi's "big words and fine words, the source of Confucius and Mencius". Su Shi, a great writer, wrote the poem "So Mr. Zhou Maoshu is in the stream", which is very important to him. Zhou Dunyi was an honest official all his life. According to the Chronicle of Zhou Dunyi, "Mr. Wang is a poor man. He just entered the capital and rewarded his property with deeds." The epitaph of Mr. Lianxi also records that Zhou Dunyi was seriously ill when he was an official in Nanchang, Hongzhou. When his colleague Pan Xingsi visited him, he found that all the clothes in the house could only be filled with a broken basket, and his money was only one hundred pence. He believed in the ancient faith since he was a child, and "honed himself with honor." He has never been greedy for money in his life and loves to talk about fame and fortune. He believes that "a gentleman values Tao, and he is safe and rich". His salary is often used to give alms to the poor and friends, but he takes very little, and he can't even drink porridge in his later years. All these are attributed to Zhou Dunyi's simple, simple and simple temperament. In A.D. 1066, Zhou Dunyi wrote a poem about his situation at the age of 50. The poem said: "I was born cold-boned, and my sense of official status will not change the old Confucianism." Stop drinking fragrant mash water and hold a half-rice mussel plate. I don't know how tired I am, but the official is better than the dream soul. An old friend wants to ask me what else, because the Taoist Spring Mausoleum is just so-so. " On June 7th, the 6th year of Song Xining (1073), Zhou Dunyi died at the age of 57, and was buried in Lishuling, outside the south gate of Jiujiang, about five or six miles away from Lianxi Bookstore. Next to the tomb are the tombs of his mother, wife and heir. Zhou Dunyi is a great thinker and philosopher in the history of China. Zhou Dunyi believes that all the people in the world are in one person. One is advocating rites and music, and the other is self-cultivation. "Governing the world depends on the family, and managing the family depends on the body" ("Shu Tong's Family is Innocent"). Cultivate one's morality and keep one's family in order to rule the world. The third is the Ming Criminal Law. "The sage's method of heaven, with politics to support the public, with punishment against the public. If the people are rich and the country is strong, if they want to win, and their interests are limitless, then the thief will die, so they will be punished by punishment "(Shu Tong Punishment). Rulers need not only rule by virtue, but also rule by law. Han dynasty is famous for Confucian classics, Wei and Jin dynasties for metaphysics, Sui and Tang dynasties for Buddhism, Song and Ming dynasties for Neo-Confucianism, and its founder is Zhou Dunyi. The so-called "new Confucianism" is a combination of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, which eventually forms a new school of thought. Zhou Dunyi is an advocate of systematic discussion on the origin of the world as a philosophical issue. He inherited the Book of Changes and some thoughts of Taoism, and put forward a simple and systematic theory of the universe, saying that "Tai Chi is infinite" and "Tai Chi" is dynamic and quiet. Produce yin and yang. "Everything is endless and changeable, but people are beautiful and most spiritual. "Sages imitate Tai Chi to establish' human pole' and' human pole', which means' sincerity'." Honesty is the basis of "pure mutual goodwill", the source of all kinds of behaviors and the highest realm of morality. Only by being quiet without desire can we achieve this state. His theory had a far-reaching impact on the development of Neo-Confucianism. The book "Tai Chi Tu Shuo" was praised by Song Confucianism as the most concise explanation of cosmic life, and later developed by Zhu and became the theoretical basis of Neo-Confucianism. His main works are ordinary books. Later generations compiled his works into Zhou Ziquan's book. Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties was the ruling thought in the late feudal society, which remained unchanged for 700 years from the Southern Song Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties has played an active role in promoting people's theoretical thinking, educating people to understand books, cultivating people's sentiments, maintaining social stability and promoting historical progress. "Sex and Heaven" is the central content of discussion in Neo-Confucianism. It is a philosophical issue, which also involves politics, morality, education, religion and many other fields. The Biography of Taoism in the History of Song Dynasty said: "Confucius has nothing, Ceng Zi has his biography, and his son's thoughts, while Mencius and Mencius have nothing but his biography. The way of Confucianism handed down from the Han Dynasty, how to be careful and precise, how to speak in detail, heresy was used from the beginning, from a few to a big bad, for more than a thousand years. In the mid-Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi learned from the mausoleum that sages could not be passed on, and wrote "Illustration of Taiji" ... "Obviously, Zhou Dunyi's Neo-Confucianism played a connecting role in the history of China philosophy. Since Mencius did not spread to the middle of the Song Dynasty, and even "heresy rose and multiplied in large numbers, from a few to a great evil for more than a thousand years", it was Zhou Dunyi who combined the philosophical thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and created a cosmic system for Confucianism for the first time. Huang Baijia once commented: "After Confucius and Mencius, Chinese Confucianism only knew the classics, and naturally it was a whisper after a long time. "The rise of Yuan Gong, the second generation of inheritance, a great scholar, sage learned. Therefore, stability and formation are almost the normal state of Confucianism. It can only be said that it is necessary to open up first. If we talk about the exquisiteness of the interpretation of mind, nature and righteousness, we can count the darkness in A.D. ("The Song and Yuan Learning Cases of Lianxi Learning Cases"). Ren, a famous contemporary scholar, believes that Zhou Dunyi's academic thought is mainly Confucianism. He is the first person who "consciously absorbs the theories of Buddhism and Taoism about the origin of all things in the universe and takes Confucian (golden mean) idealism mysticism as the pillar of his ideological system. ..... Since Zhou Dunyi, China's new Confucianism, which is advertised by Confucianism, has built a relatively complete world outlook. " Zhou Dunyi was not respected before his death and his academic status was not high. People only know that he is "outstanding in political affairs" and "outstanding in official career", especially "aiming at the mountains", with a free and easy mind and a fairy wind. But no one knows his Neo-Confucianism. Only Cheng Taizhong, the judge of Nan 'an, knows that his Neo-Confucianism attainments are profound. He sent his two sons, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, to his door, and the latter two became famous Neo-Confucianism. Hu Hong, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, praised Dunyi's theory. Zhu, a master of Neo-Confucianism, spoke highly of him, made a statement for him, and commented on Taiji, Shuo and Yi Tong. Zhang Qian called him "the founder of Taoism", and his reputation gradually increased. In the Southern Song Dynasty, many places began to establish Zhou Dunyi's ancestral temple, and people even held him to the status of Confucius and Mencius, thinking that his "merits lie between Confucius and Mencius". Therefore, the emperors respected him as an ethics teacher. Because of posthumous title Yuan, it is called Dunyi. When he arrived in Song Lizong, he worshipped the Confucius Temple and established Zhou Dunyi's position as a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism. And Zhou Dunyi did achieve the demeanor of a generation of scholars with practical actions before his death. His character and thoughts have been admired by people for thousands of years. Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties initiated by Zhou Dunyi reflects the philosophical wisdom of thoughtful and knowledgeable China people in the late period of China ancient society when thinking and solving realistic social and cultural problems. It profoundly influenced the social development and the trend of civilization in the second half of China ancient society, and modern China people still have to face the social and cultural consequences caused by it. Because of Zhou Dunyi's contribution to philosophy, UNESCO listed him as the 36th world cultural celebrity.