What are the technical points of cleaning ponds and aquaculture ponds?

? Ponds are places where fish live and where fish pathogens are stored. Whether the pond environment is clean or not directly affects the health of fish. After 1 year culture, various pathogens will enter the pond through different channels. In addition, the pond foundation leaks, weeds are overgrown, and the mud at the bottom of the pond is too thick, which provides a suitable place for pathogen propagation. Therefore, we must insist on cleaning and disinfecting the pond every year to prevent fish diseases. The technical points of pond cleaning in aquaculture mainly include:

First, clean the pond.

Every winter, after the fish come out of the pond, drain the pond water, repair the pond ridge, pull out the weeds beside the pond, dig up excess silt, freeze the pond bottom and expose it to the sun for about 1 week. This can loosen the surface layer of pond soil, improve ventilation conditions, accelerate the transformation of organic matter in soil into nutrients, and achieve the purpose of eliminating pests and diseases. ?

Second, drugs clear the pond.

In addition to cultured fish, the pond is often mixed with wild fish and shrimp and various organisms, such as bacteria, snails, mussels, mud moss, aquatic insects and so on. Some of them will make fish sick, others are carriers of pathogens, and some will directly harm farmed fish. Drug pool cleaning can play the role of eliminating wild and pathogens, and is an important measure to prevent fish diseases.

The commonly used drugs for pond cleaning include quicklime, bleaching powder, tea cake and ammonia water. Among them, quicklime, ammonia water and bleaching powder have many advantages in cleaning ponds. Quicklime can not only kill pathogens, intermediate hosts, animals carrying pathogens and enemies in ponds, but also improve soil, water quality and fertilization. Ammonia, bleaching powder and quicklime have the same killing effect, and ammonia also has fertilization effect. Tea cake has little bactericidal effect and slightly poor disease prevention effect. ?

There are two ways to clean the pond with quicklime. One is to clean the pond with a dry pond. Drain the pond water first or leave the water depth at 5- 10 cm, and use 50-75 kg of quicklime per mu (if there is too much silt, the quicklime can be increased by about 10%). When cleaning the pond, dig a few small holes at the bottom of the pond, or use wooden barrels. , add water to dissolve quicklime, and immediately spread it evenly around (including the foot of the embankment) without cooling. The next morning, it is best to move the pond mud with a rake to achieve better disinfection effect. The other is to clean the pond with water. Average water depth per mu 1m, using quicklime 120- 150kg. Usually, quicklime is dissolved in wooden barrels or water tanks and immediately sprinkled all over the pond. After 7-8 days, the medicine disappears and the fish can be released. Due to the hardness of water, quicklime will react with magnesium and so on. It is better to clean the pool with clean water than with dry pool, but the amount of quicklime is large and the cost is high. Cleaning the pond with quicklime can quickly kill wild fish, eggs, aquatic insects, parasites and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, due to free alkali, neutralization reaction can occur, which changes the acidic environment, makes the pond slightly alkaline, and increases the calcium content at the same time, providing nutrition for aquatic animals and plants.