These six aspects can be divided into three levels: the outermost layer is all six aspects and their related rich connotations; The middle layer is the ancient buildings of the Forbidden City, millions of cultural relics in the courtyard, and the historical and cultural remains of the palace; The core floor is the Forbidden City.
There are some writings about the Forbidden City in history. The Ming Dynasty recorded many things about the Forbidden City, but Dreams in the Spring of Ming Dynasty described the Forbidden City systematically from the aspects of history, geography and literature.
In the early years of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Old News of the Sun compiled by Zhu Yizun was a precious book to study the Forbidden City, with 1300 kinds of old books selected by predecessors. However, "Old News of the Sun" has a larger examination space and richer materials.
Extended data:
First, the research core
1. The relationship between the Forbidden City and the traditional culture of China. Its architectural design reflects China's traditional philosophy (such as the unity of heaven and man), ethics (such as the supremacy of imperial power) and aesthetics (such as magnificence, balance and symmetry). The traditional theory of yin-yang and five elements is also reflected in it.
2. The relationship between the Forbidden City and China Palace. It inherited the traditional form and etiquette system of ancient palaces in China, and its overall layout was closest to Confucian ideals and feudal etiquette systems such as "left ancestors and right houses, facing the market" and "five doors and three dynasties".
It is not only directly related to Fengyang Zhongdu, Nanjing Forbidden City, Yuandadu and Jinzhongdu in Ming Dynasty, but also traced back to the imperial palaces of Han, Qin and Zhou dynasties from Tokyo in Song Dynasty to Chang 'an in Sui and Tang Dynasties, looking for the development track. According to expert research, it even has a certain origin with Erlitougong site in Yanshi, Henan.
3. The relationship between the Forbidden City and Manchu architecture. The Qing Dynasty not only protected and utilized the palaces of the Ming Dynasty, but also inherited and developed the characteristics of Manchu palaces, mainly the religious, sacrificial and residential customs of Manchuria, which were reflected in the architecture of the Forbidden City. In particular, the major renovation of Ningshou Palace, which combines many characteristics of Jiangnan and Saibei, Han and Man, is a successful model of Qing Palace architecture.
4. The relationship between the Forbidden City and Beijing urban planning and other royal buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. As far as architectural layout is concerned, the whole original Beijing city is planned and designed with the Forbidden City as the center. It is closely connected with Xiyuan and Beihai in the west, Jingshan and Dagao Xuandian in the north, and Huangshi in the east.
Sheji altar, ancestral temple, Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan, Moon altar and Xiannong altar are all important components. Not only the whole imperial city, the three mountains and five gardens in the western suburbs, the royal temples and Taoist temples scattered in the capital and the palaces all over the country have an unusual relationship with the Forbidden City. The eight temples outside Chengde (Summer Resort) are named after the eight temples directly managed by the palace.
5. The relationship between the Forbidden City and the Ming and Qing Tombs. In the feudal era, things died and things were born. The emperor's mausoleum is closely related to his palace before his death. Ming Tombs, Ming Tombs, Jingling Mausoleum, Siling Mausoleum, Dongling Mausoleum and Xiling Mausoleum are the places where emperors and empresses of Ming and Qing Dynasties were buried, and they are the epitome of the tombs of feudal emperors in China.
It comprehensively embodies China's traditional geomantic omen, architecture, aesthetics, philosophy, landscape architecture, funeral culture and so on. It is an extremely important part of the royal architecture, with high historical and artistic value.
Second, the direction of research concern.
1. Cultural relics, ancient buildings and court historical sites in the hospital should be studied as an interconnected whole to prevent isolation. This is the study that best reflects the characteristics of the Forbidden City.
2. Multidisciplinary cooperation and all-round development are needed. Different disciplines can help study the Forbidden City from different angles. For example, Yuhua Pavilion can start from different aspects such as architectural style, Buddha statue, decorative color painting, etc., and all aspects can be combined to achieve a comprehensive and scientific effect.
It is necessary to combine humanities with science and technology. The research object of ancient palace science is the task of protection, maintenance or rescue. The research and implementation of cultural relics protection science and technology (including the application of new technologies, new materials and new processes) is an important part of the business work and academic research of the Forbidden City.
It is necessary to combine academic research with professional work. For example, exhibitions, scientific and technological restoration, and the display of the original appearance of the palace are not only practical work, but also need to be reflected and improved through research results.
5. We should combine research with inheritance. The maintenance technology of ancient buildings, the restoration technology of cultural relics and the identification method of painting and calligraphy objects all need to be better inherited and carried forward on the basis of research.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Palace Science