The First Mausoleum in Ming Taizu —— Revealing Zhu Tan Mausoleum, the tenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang.

Introduction: Zhu Yuanzhang has many sons. According to historical records, * * * has 26 sons. Among them, the tenth son, Zhu Tan, was named King Lu, and 15 was a vassal of Yanzhou. After his death, posthumous title was barren. Among the 24 princes who were enfeoffed by Zhu Yuanzhang, King Lu was the first to die, and his tomb can be called the first tomb of the Ming Dynasty. From 65438 to 0970, 35 years ago, with the support of the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences and other units, Huang Lu Mausoleum in Zouxian County was excavated in Shandong Province, and a large number of precious cultural relics were unearthed. However, due to historical reasons, the excavation of that year is still a secret story, and the unearthed cultural relics are rare for ordinary people. Thanks to the efforts of the Ming Tombs Museum, the cultural relics unearthed from Huang Lu Mausoleum have finally "returned home". 600 years later, they gathered in Nanjing with Mao's mausoleum. Yesterday, they began to be exhibited in Meixiangge on Meihua Mountain. The reporter thus verified the first-hand information during the excavation and unveiled the mystery of the first tomb of ming prince. Mausoleum specifications: the overall shape is similar to that of Dingling in Beijing. Zhu Tan is the son of Zhu Yuanzhang and Guo Ningfei. According to historical records, he was born in Hongwu for three years and was crowned king two months after his birth. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, he became a vassal of Yanzhou. After his death, he was buried at the southern foot of Jiulong Mountain, 25 miles northeast of Zou County, at the junction of Qufu County, not far from Yanzhou. According to Zou County Records, "Ming Lu Yuan belongs to Jiulong Mountain" is 200 meters away from the tomb. In today's Shangzhai Village, the temple foundation remains of the building "Xiang Dian". Originally, they were all made of evergreen bricks with a thickness of more than 40 cm, which was unusually thick, 1.4 m, and the prototype system could be seen from the intermittent wall foundation. The cemetery is 206 meters long from north to south and 80 meters wide from east to west. There is a partition wall in the middle, which is divided into front and rear rooms, with the rear high and the front low. More than 60 meters west of the mausoleum, there is a tomb of Princess Ge, which is buried here. Gorbachev was made a princess the year after Jutan's death. When Princess Gefei died, Zhu Tan had been buried, so she was buried here. Their descendants are also buried nearby. This place is a "land of feng shui", where Zhu Tan was buried after his death. Like Zhu Yuanzhang's Xiaoling Mausoleum, it was carefully selected at that time, and its overall shape was similar to that of Dingling in Beijing, but it was 230 years earlier than Dingling.

Construction method: the underground palace was opened in two or three years, and it was found that the tomb was more than 20 meters away from the present surface, and then the tomb was built with bricks, sealed with soil and rammed firmly. The diffusion area of soil seal is about 1.3 million square meters. The pyramid-shaped mound and the tomb were excavated at the same time, standing upright to the south, opening wide outside and gradually narrowing inward. The bottom is in a slope shape, with a width of 3.9 meters, and the northern end is away from the King Kong Wall 1.5 meters, with an estimated total length of more than 70 meters. The entrance to the tomb is in the middle of the lower part of the king kong wall, and it is not easy to find because it is sealed by the red skin of the king kong wall. At that time, the workload of building this mausoleum was enormous. According to the preliminary calculation, the amount of earth and stone needed for stone cutting and filling is about 200,000 cubic meters. It will take two or three years to complete this work. If 200 laborers are needed to cut mountains and chisel stones, soil will be transported and rammed in the distance. According to legend, the tomb seal was shipped from 2 Li, Shanxi, Kowloon, and it was dug into a low-lying basin due to a large amount of soil for the construction of this tomb. Now the West Lake Village is still a depression, a large area of civilian land that was destroyed at that time.

Internal structure: The front and rear two huge stone gates are used to block the door-sealing wall. The upper part is 8.86 meters high and 1.6 meters thick, and the lower part gradually widens to form a rock wall, and the wall base extends outward into the tomb. After the door wall was sealed, there was a red diamond wall, 8.2 meters high and 5.35 meters wide. The upper part is a gatehouse made of green glazed tiles, with a layer of hard red plaster on the wall, which is relatively strong. The left, right and back three sides of the upper part of the gatehouse are brick retaining walls with diamond walls, which are flush with the front door sealing wall. There are two doors in the front and back yard. The first door retracts into the hole 1.5m and pivots on Shuang Ye. The door is a whole boulder, with 81 chest-shaped doornails, nine rows of carvings, vermicelli painting and gold plating, with bright colors. It is inlaid with a gold-plated iron head ring, and a big iron lock is locked on the knocker. There is a stone threshold 10 cm above the ground in front of the door. Inside the door is the front room of the tomb. The second door is the same shape as the first door, locked with a big iron lock. The foundation behind the second door is slightly higher than the front room. The ticket top of the aisle is very short, leading to the back room; The back room (coffin room) is larger and more spacious than the front room, and the plane is "D" shaped with the front room. At the top are North and South vouchers. In the middle of the back room, Sumitomo coffin bed is made of polished bricks.

Layout in the tomb: there is a lacquer wooden box on the east side of the coffin bed. It is said that when the tomb was opened, there was water in the tomb, but a large number of funerary objects were intact. Due to the buoyancy of the accumulated water, the positions of some vessels were moved. There is a big vat in the middle of the front room, and there is an iron wick seat in the vat, which is the eternal lamp. There is a red imperial case in the middle of the back, and there is a treasure chest on the west side of the case with the seal of "Treasure of the King of Lu" in it, which should be put on the case. The front room is a woodcarving guard of honor, horses, cars and small objects in the ceremony. The original position of the coffin bed in the back room has moved, the coffin has fallen off, and Shui Piao has left the southwest corner of the back room. There are four tables on both sides of the coffin bed, and two tables on the west are under the coffin. There are two painted wooden boxes on the east side of the coffin bed, one of which is broken and the other is well preserved, which contains crowns, robes, hosta, boots and so on. Clothes, hats, jade belts and toiletries are scattered on the ground. There are Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting, Four Treasures of the Study and so on on the ground in the west. In addition, there are 24 wooden figurines, porcelain and life models made of wood, bamboo, copper and tin in the back room. On the east and west walls, there are three wooden funeral signs.

Coffins and coffins are made of nanmu, which is solid. Inside the coffin, covered with brocade quilt and robe. Zhu Tan is wearing a dragon robe, a jade belt and a dome. The steamed bun is intact and golden; There is a small gold particle under each armpit; The skeleton leaned back and straightened out. There are 19 "Hongwu Bao Tong" coins on the mattress. Below the mattress is a layer of rhombic board, which is engraved with the round hole of the Big Dipper. Plant ash was placed at the bottom of the coffin.

More than 0/000 pieces of various cultural relics/kloc-have been unearthed in Huang Lu Mausoleum, which is extremely rare. Many cultural relics are national treasures, which were handed down from generation to generation at that time. The excavation of the "Tianfeng Haitao" piano shocked the archaeological community. Piano length 12 1 cm and width 19.5 cm. Made of paulownia wood, the piano body is painted black and cracked like a snake, and the back is engraved with the seal script "Tianfeng Haitao". There are two flutes in the belly of the piano: Longtan and Fengfen. According to legend, the sound of the piano is like the wind in the sky and the waves in the sea. It has a unique shape and enjoys the reputation of "Guqin is priceless". Wei Lei is famous for his skill in making snake harp. Wei Lei's snake harp has been handed down from generation to generation in Song and Ming Dynasties.