Character Experience
Mrs. Wa's original name was Cen Hua. She was born in the ninth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1496) and returned to Zhili Prefecture (now Jiuzhou Village, Jingxi County, Guangxi). Official Cen Zhangzhi
Female. She was smart and studious since she was a child. She read poetry and books, practiced martial arts, and was proficient in the art of war. She was willing to help others by nature. When she grew up, she married Cen Meng, a local official in Tianzhou (now Tianyang County, Guangxi), and changed her name to "Wa" in accordance with the custom of intermarriage between officials and officials during the Zhuang chieftain era and the custom of not avoiding the same surname in Zhuang marriages. In the sixth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1527), Cen Meng, a native official of Tianzhou, was accused of rebellion and was punished by the court. He and his son Cen Bangyan were defeated and died. After the death of Cen Meng and his son, his grandson Cen Zhi inherited the title of Tianzhou native official. Because Cen Zhi was still young, Mrs. Wa was in charge of the affairs of the state and acted as deputy governor. During her tenure, Mrs. Wa Shi worked hard, managed state affairs well, and stabilized the social order. At the same time, she actively developed agricultural production, established voluntary schools, and promoted education. She made achievements in all aspects, and the people were able to live and work in peace and contentment, winning the love and favor of the people. support. In the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Cen Zhi was recruited by the imperial court to Hainan Island to suppress the Li uprising and died in battle in Hainan. As a result, Mrs. Wa took on the responsibility of raising Cen Zhi's sons, Cen Dashou and Cen Dalu, and continued to be in charge of all government affairs in the state, with outstanding political achievements. The heroic portrait of Mrs. Wa's galloping on the battlefield to kill Japanese enemies
During the Jiajing period, she served as the state affairs officer of Tianzhou. When he was in office, he managed the state affairs well, established free schools, promoted education, called in refugees, and stabilized order. Cen Dalu, a local official in Tianzhou, was young, and Mrs. Wa, who was in her sixties, trained 7,500 Zhuang children to fight. Several of her sons and grandsons died in the anti-Japanese war. Wa Shi led the wolf soldiers to fight against the Japanese pirates at Jinshan Guard, killing more than 4,000 enemies. Due to his meritorious service, he was named a second-class wife by Emperor Jiajing.
Zhang Jing, the governor-general of the war, was framed and imprisoned by Yan Song. Wa family was so angry that she resigned and returned home. He died of illness soon at the age of 59.
Mrs. Wa is a famous anti-Japanese hero in the Zhuang chieftain era. There is a field about 500 meters northeast of Nadutun, Longping Village, Tianzhou Town (now Tianyang), Baise City, Guangxi Province called "Dita", which means land of the great-grandmother in Zhuang language. According to the "Zhen'an Prefecture Chronicles", within a radius of 1,000 acres with "Di Tai" as the center, there are seven tombs of native officials, including Mrs. Wa's wife and the 16th generation ancestor Cen Tailu and the 22nd generation ancestor Cen Lan of Tianzhou. . Unfortunately, all of them have been completely destroyed in modern times, and most of the cultural relics on the ground have disappeared.
Stills from the Zhuang opera "Mrs. Wa"
In 1989, nearby farmers found a tombstone covering a ditch beside the fish pond on Ping Street in Longping Village. The inscription on the tombstone is: : "The tomb of Taijun Cenmenwa, a concubine of the former Ming Dynasty in Jiajing" has made people remember this Zhuang heroine of the Ming Dynasty again. Now, Mrs. Vacheron's mausoleum has been restored at the old site of the cemetery and has become a patriotism education base. Every year, many people consciously go there to pay homage to this national hero. Character's Life Managing State Affairs
It is generally believed that Wa's life achievements mainly include two points: first, he was ordered to revive Tianzhou when Tianzhou was in danger; second, he united the troops to fight against the Japanese. In 1527 (the sixth year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty), Cen Meng, a native official of Tianzhou, was falsely accused of rebellion and was punished by the imperial court. He was defeated by Yao Rong, the censor of Guangdong and Guangdong, and his son Cen Bangyan died heroically in battle. Cen Meng led his remaining troops to retreat to Shunzhou in an attempt to He made a comeback, but was later trapped and killed by the enemy. After the death of Cen Meng and his son, his grandson Cen Zhi inherited the title of Tianzhou native official. Because Cen Zhi was still young, Mrs. Wa acted as the governor of the state. Mrs. Wa came onto the political stage in Tianzhou when Tianzhou was demoted from Tufu to Tuzhou and the political situation was in chaos. Through political marriage and relying on his own intelligence and talent, Wa Shi managed to avoid danger and stand out in the difficult family struggle for power. She defeated Prime Minister Cen who wanted to kill him, stabilized the political situation in Tianzhou, raised Cen Zhi, Cen Bangyan's surviving son, as a concubine, and inherited the position of local official. In 1550 (the 29th year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty), Cen Zhi died in the war in Hainan. After Cen Zhi's death, his eldest son Cen Dashou was only 4 years old, and his second son Cen Dalu was still in his infancy. Wa family had no choice but to take on the responsibility again. The important task of raising great-grandchildren. During the period of raising two generations of orphans, she became the de facto female leader of Tianzhou. During her tenure, Mrs. Wa's self-denial was dedicated to governing the state affairs. "The interests and interests of the state were carefully planned, and the internal and external aspects were awe-inspiring." She stabilized the social order. At the same time, she actively developed agricultural production, established philanthropic schools, and promoted education. Achievement has been achieved, people can live and work in peace and contentment, and they have won the love and support of the people.
Deployment of troops
Mrs. Wa's troops were well organized. The troops she led were well organized, with clear signs, rewards and punishments. The troops were united and made no mistakes. Therefore, the soldiers have high morale and are extremely brave on the battlefield. In order to cultivate the collective concept of the soldiers during the military training, Mrs. Wa's ordered people to make long wooden shoes based on the style of the Zhuang people's wooden shoes. A group of 3 or 6 people would wear a pair of long wooden shoes to practice racing. Soldiers must be united and cooperate tacitly when practicing. If one person is distracted and loses concentration, it will affect the whole group. It was this interesting military training method that made the soldiers unite, fearless and brave, and defeated the Japanese pirates. Later, the Zhuang people imitated Mrs. Wa's "synchronized" military training method and carried out skateboard racing activities on the fields, in front of and behind the houses for their own entertainment. Today, this sport has become one of the sports competitions of the Zhuang nationality. Antique "skateboard racing" sneakers are made of a pair of wooden boards 2-5 meters long and slightly wider than the foot, with three pairs of foot straps nailed at equal distances. During the competition, three people form a team, wearing sneakers, with hands on the shoulders of the former, listen to the referee's order and start counting the time. The contestants will be ranked according to the racing time, and the winners will be rewarded. In the annual Nanning International Folk Song Festival in Guangxi, it is a sport with rich national characteristics.
Mrs. Wa's military management
Mrs. Wa's army was well organized and organized, with strict military discipline, clear signs, clear rewards and punishments, and great unity within the army. There was nothing wrong with Qiu, and he was deeply loved by the local people. They all "eat the pulp from the pot" to welcome the righteous master. "Japanese Incident Story", "Songjiang Chronicles", and "Zhang Shiyan" have the following records: "Women lead the troops, and they are quite disciplined, and there are no offenses in the autumn." "Although the Wa family is a woman, the military law is very neat, and there is no infringement." "Be brave and good at fighting, and the military orders are strict." She often educates her troops: firstly, they are not allowed to harass the people or oppress the people; secondly, they are not allowed to rape and plunder; thirdly, horses are not allowed to trample on the fields; fourthly, they are not allowed to violate military orders. When she led her troops to station in Poxuguan, she often visited the people and listened to their opinions. If her subordinates were found to have taken wine and meat from the residents, they would be severely punished. Mrs. Wa's Military Training Station
Mrs. Wa's wife was very considerate of the soldiers. In the difficult environment of bringing their own military provisions and low pay, she often organized soldiers to go hunting in the mountains between battles and marches to improve everyone's lives. There are still two folk songs circulating among the Zhuang people, which reflect Wa's care for his soldiers.
The female voice sang: "My sister sent her husband off on an expedition, and she had to remember all the instructions. Don't forget to put on the quilt at night, and don't forget to tie the headscarf during the day."
The male voice sang : "My brother is going on an expedition, and my sister should rest assured at home. Wa's family asks people to cover themselves with quilts, and in the daytime they wear turbans."
Therefore, the morale of the soldiers led by Mrs. Wa's family was high on the battlefield. High-spirited, extremely brave, and desperate to kill the enemy. When practicing racing in this way, the soldiers must be united and cooperate tacitly. If one person is distracted and loses concentration, it will affect the whole group. It is this interesting and unique military training method that enables the soldiers to unite as one on the battlefield, become as united as one, brave and fearless, as if they were descending from the same heaven. The beating made the Japanese pirate ghosts cry and howl, and then fled after hearing the wind. Later, people in the Zhuang area imitated Mrs. Wa's "synchronized" military training method. The antique "sneaker racing" sneakers are made of a pair of wooden boards that are 2 to 5 meters long and slightly wider than the foot.
Wa's Formation
Among the ancient Zhuang art of war, the "Cen Family Art of War" is the most systematic and complete. Its essence is recorded in the "Cen Family's Military Strategy" in the "Chi Ya" volume of Kuang Lu of the Ming Dynasty: "Cen's military method consists of a group of seven people, each group is responsible for each other. Four people specialize in stabbing, and three specialize in cutting. The head was captured and killed by seven people. Although the person who beheaded had the responsibility of protecting the main assassin, he was able to fight forward and did not have to be an expert in martial arts. "("Qiao Nan Suo Ji" and The records of "Yun Danjun's Art of War" in "Chi Ya" are all the same) It can be seen that "Cen Family's Art of War" has made some innovations and reached a new height compared with the "Trio" in "Nong Zhigao's Art of War" in Song Dynasty. When Mrs. Wa Shi led the soldiers to fight against the Japanese, her troops and formations were exquisite and famous, and her influence was great. Hu Zongxian, the governor of Zhejiang at that time, witnessed the battle of the soldiers with his own eyes, and praised them in his book "Cao Hai Tu Bian" for "being able to defeat a large number with a small number, and winning nine times out of ten" and "can die but cannot be defeated". It can be seen from this that Mrs. Wa Shi, the commander of the soldiers, made good use of the "Cen family's art of war" and was able to match one out of ten. "Field Warfare Regulations" in "Chiya" also records the field fighting method of Zhuang people who are good at fighting in groups of two, that is, "When facing the enemy, the person holding the gun moves forward to defend the slave. The person holding the slave holds the knife in his mouth and hands. To support the enemy, when all the arrows are gone, he throws the sword and holds the knife.
" Stills of the Zhuang drama "Mrs. Wa"
Mrs. Wa's magic weapon to defeat the enemy - "Wa's Formation" was later included in the Ming Dynasty's anti-Japanese military book "Jiangnan Economic Strategy", which influenced and evolved It later became Qi Jiguang's "Yuanyang Formation", and the essence of the "Washi Formation" was absorbed by Qi Jiguang's "Yuanyang Formation" and was later published in his famous book "Jixiao New Book" on the art of war, in the 1980s. It was included in the "History of Ancient Chinese War" by the Taiwan Military University.
Wa's Double Sword Kung Fu
"Wa's Double Sword Kung Fu" is also known as "Wa's Double Sword Kung Fu". It was named after Mrs. Wa in the Ming Dynasty. Many heroic knights in Jiangsu and Zhejiang came to worship Wa as their disciple. Xiang Yuanchi, a native of Shexian County, Anhui, known as the "Heavenly Capital", was favored by Wa and became a close disciple. Later, Xiang Yuanchi established the "Suicui Hall" martial arts school in Huzhou, Zhejiang, specializing in teaching the secrets of "Wa's Double Sword Kung Fu" to his famous disciple Wu Shu (Jiangsu Lou). Jiang County native) wrote a "Double Sword Song" according to the oral transmission of his master, enthusiastically praising the martial arts of the ancestor Mrs. Wa and the power of her double sword. The song goes: Stills of the Zhuang opera "Mrs. Wa"
< p> There are three caves on the edge of the sea, and thousands of officers and soldiers are exposed.The female general Shizhu, and thousands of soldiers were awarded to Wu Yue.
His discipline is comparable to that of Qi Chongxi, and his courage is as good as the river. Work hard together.
The female general wields her swords in person, forming a ball of snow in the early moon. p> Dao Yi killed all Jiang Haiqing, and the Southern Dynasty has continued to fight.
Xiang Yuanchi, a young hero of Tiandu, was taught by the female general of swordsmanship.
Yi Hai Chun Jie met. On the lake, the frosty beards are very strange.
It is said that the spears are far away from each other, but they have to be cautious.
It is said in the Suicui Hall that Xiang Feng Liu. The moon gives birth to both arms.
Later, Wu Shu wrote the article "Short Drops and Long Swords", which further discussed the characteristics of Wa's double sword martial arts and its specific application in actual combat, which was called "Wa's Double Sword". "Sword Subduing Spear Technique". From then on, "Wa's Double Blade Kung Fu" took root in Zhejiang and has been passed down to this day.
Wu Shu was a famous historian, poet and martial artist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He had many disciples in his life. In addition to fists and kicks, he is especially good at spear and sword skills. Judging from his famous two-handed sword, he was a disciple of Mrs. Wa's disciple Xiang Yuanchi. He traveled around the world and made friends with heroes from all over the world, learning martial arts from various schools. Some data show that he once systematically learned and mastered Japanese single swordsmanship, and also did some research and organization on Japanese swordsmanship. He once wrote the book "Illustrated Description of Single Swordsman". It is said that "Tang Dynasty had Mo Dao, and the battle formation was said to be fierce, but its method has not been passed down. Let the Japanese fight alone. There are those in China who have mastered the method, but in the end they are not as good as the Japanese. "When he was 50 years old, he met an enigmatic old man from the former Ming Dynasty in Hebei. The old man who refused to reveal his real name taught him a set of "Yuyang Sword" and disappeared since then. Wu Shu was moved by Shan Weapons and double weapons each have their own strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we successfully integrated the Yuyang single sword, the Japanese single sword, and the Wa's double sword into one, creating a new martial art - the Eighteen Styles of Double Swords. From then on, when encountering an enemy, the sword in the right hand was mixed in. As for the sword stabbing method, the left-handed sword is purely a sword technique, with the eight movements of the left and right swords as the core, and the key point of "avoiding the weak and taking advantage of the strong", and finally became a famous martial arts master of a generation. There is no doubt that "Wa's Double Sword Kung Fu" has a profound influence and has created generations of famous and unknown martial artists. Today in the southwest, the name "Wa's Double Sword Kung" still exists, and its influence is still there. Unite the troops to resist Japanese pirates
In 1554 (the 33rd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty), China's coastal areas were frequently invaded by Japanese pirates, which seriously threatened the lives and property of Chinese coastal people. . As a result, the residents of the coastal areas were frightened, and the myth that the Japanese pirates were invincible spread like wildfire. The Ming court had no choice but to appoint Zhang Jing, the Minister of War, as the Governor-General of Southeast China to recruit the "martyr soldiers" belonging to the local officials of the Guangxi Zhuang ethnic group and troops from other ethnic minorities. In the fight against Japanese aggression on the southeastern coast, Zhang Jing was the governor of the military affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi. Knowing that the Guangxi ethnic minority "warriors" were brave and good at fighting, he ordered the local officials Cen Dalu and Dashou of Tianzhou to lead the expedition. His great-grandmother Wa Shi was too young to hold military positions. , asked the Governor to allow her to personally lead troops to the front lines of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to fight against the Japanese. Knowing that Wa was brave and prestigious, the Governor granted her request and awarded her the rank of "Female Officer, General and General Soldier". Wa expressed her determination: "Yes." OK, I swear not to be born with a thief.
"
After Wa Shi accepted the anti-Japanese mission, the governor sent Ruan Wenzhong, the head of the Nanjing Chariot and Driving Department, to greet him. At that time, Wa Shi planned to use 13,000 "martial soldiers" from Tianzhou (one estimate is 8,000). People should be transferred, but the superiors did not agree and only allowed more than 4,000 soldiers. The quota for the recruitment of chieftains from various places was as follows: Zhong Nan, Huang Ren and other troops under the command of Wa's family in Tianzhou had more than 4,100 infantrymen, who were under the command of Wa's family. The team included Huang Huren, a local native of Shun Prefecture, and others, with 860 troops, 450 war horses, and more than 40 followers of Wa Shi. Mo Kun, Mo Congshun, the younger brother of the governor of Nadi Prefecture, and others There are 550 people in the army; 590 people in the Tumu Luotang and other departments in Nadi Prefecture; 750 people in the Tumu Cen Brown and other departments in Donglan Prefecture. Before the expedition, "there was a law (township) of three tigers. , Mo Ma (township) five leopards, outstanding intelligence, prostrate themselves to the knees, willing to be attached to the general. "Three Tigers" and "Five Leopards" both have the surname Huang. When Mrs. Wa led the army, she had twenty-four fierce generals, and the "martial soldiers" were born brave and powerful. This is because the Zhuang families in western Guangxi during the Tusi era of the Ming Dynasty When a boy is born, he is often trained as a future "卍兵" (Zhuang soldier). After a boy is born, his parents weigh an iron block equal to the boy's weight and hang it on the child's bedside. When he was ten years old, he would make a knife from this piece of iron and hang it on his waist, so that he could practice martial arts, dance and boxing at any time. This custom was later included in the lyrics of revolutionary folk songs that were popularly sung by Wei Ba, the revolutionary hero of the Zhuang nationality, during the revolution. Others have reflected that this is "three pieces of foreign iron make a knife, hang it on the waist and waver; whoever dares to block the road of revolution will have his waist cut off if he keeps trying." "
Soon, Mrs. Wa's wife led more than 6,800 troops from Guangxi's Tianzhou, Guishun, Nandan, Nadi, Donglan and other states to march to Jiangsu and Zhejiang in a mighty manner
p>
Frontline. At that time, the "martial arts soldiers" from various states in Guangxi first concentrated in Wuzhou, then passed through Nanxiong in Guangxi, passed Dagengling, then took a boat to Nanchang in Jiangsu, transferred to Jingkou and Danyang in Jiangsu, and walked to Benzhong Town and Changzhou. The government sent a ship to pick him up in Jiaxing, which took several months and traveled thousands of miles. He arrived at Jinshan Guard on March 13, 1555 (the 34th year of Jiajing's reign).
Wa Shi led his troops to Jinshan on the front line of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. According to the deployment of the governor Zhang Jing, the Tianzhou soldiers led by Wa Shi were under the command of General Yu Dayou, and the other state troops were under the command of guerrilla Zou Jifang and General Tang Kekuan. Requesting for a quick battle many times, all the "martial soldiers" under his command were gearing up to kill the enemy and perform meritorious deeds. Zhang Jing said that the "martial soldiers" had just arrived and were not familiar with the situation.
It is the beginning of April in the lunar calendar. Fifth, Wa Shi was ordered to go to Caojing Town to intercept the Japanese pirates. Due to the large number of enemies, we were heavily surrounded by the enemy. The battle was fierce, and fourteen people including the leader Zhong Fu and Huang Wei were killed. Wa Shi was extremely angry. He personally wore his hair and wielded a sword, and came and went suddenly. In the formation, the horse's hair was pulled out by the Japanese, and he fought hard and shouted: "General, a good general kills the thieves." At that time, the generals gathered together and refused to save him. On the 9th, more than 2,000 Japanese "protruded from Jinshanwei and headed from Dushan to Jiaxing." Yu Dayou did not dare to refuse at first, so he led the troops of the Wa family to pursue him. The thieves counterattacked and killed many people. Dayou ran first, leaving behind the palace of the Wa family, and was able to avoid total destruction. "On April 21, more than 2,000 Japanese invaders came south to Jinshan. Bai Xundusi led his troops to attack them. They were heavily besieged by the Japanese. Wa Shi rushed to the rescue and charged on horseback." The female general fought in person, brandishing her swords and forming a group. At the beginning of the snow, there was a full moon; there were twenty-four warriors under his command, fifty geese feathers (short swords) were all in full swing (meaning the swordsman was wielding the sword with great speed), and the island barbarians (Japanese invaders) killed all Jiang Haiqing... ", break the siege, Bai Nai can escape. At this time, Wa's bravery began to be feared by the enemy. Xie Zhaozhe once praised Wa's family and said: "Wa's family, the wife of a local official in the country, was brave and good at fighting. In the late Jiajing period, when the Japanese invaded, he often sent his troops to assist Zhejiang Province (Jiangsu Province). "On April 28, the Japanese pirates rushed from Pingwang to Wangjiangjing (in Beizhou, Jiaxing County). Washi participated in the pursuit and suppression of the Japanese pirates, beheading them across the board. About 4,000 people drowned. It was the first great victory since the Japanese conquest. The Japanese pirates were killed and fled for their lives. This battle turned the tide of the anti-Japanese war in the southeast for the first time and broke the myth that the Japanese pirates were invincible. When the Japanese pirates fled back to Zhelin, only more than 300 people remained. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the enemy passed by the Jinshan Guards and was defeated by the Wa Shi Lang soldiers. Many people died. Because Wa's swords were used in battle, they were as fast as lightning and unstoppable, causing the enemy to be exhausted and suffer heavy casualties. In June, during the battle of Lujingba (now in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), the "warriors" led by Mrs. Wa's wife captured more than 300 Japanese soldiers and burned more than 30 pirate ships. The Japanese pirates were frightened by the news and thought they were sent by heaven. When the soldiers arrived, they immediately fled to Yaoyao when they heard the "martyr soldiers" were coming.
Therefore, people today write poems praising:
The smoke of war is everywhere and the barbarians are barbarians, and the people of the country are in danger.
The military situation ahead is urgent, and the palace is urgent to issue decrees and orders.
Cen Hua and his wife bear heavy responsibilities, and do not allow men to hold the flag of command.
Half a hundred old women and strong-willed men rode forward with fast horses and double swords.
Who said women hold needle and thread? Look at me, a heroine, setting up the formation.
There is nothing to be afraid of when you are trapped in a tight siege. Take the head where the sword flashes.
The soldiers under his command are amazingly brave, and the general points to Zhan Pimi.
The smoke and beacon fires in the sea area have dispersed, and the lost territory has been recovered to attack the enemy.
The famous name is praised by the world, and the rose in the army shows its majesty.
Holding the victory banner in hand to convey the good news, the blood-stained red makeup makes the fans happy.
I admire my wife’s ambition to defend the country, and the thick ink book preserves my soul.
There are many heroes of the Zhuang nationality, including Wa Shi, who are still ashamed to be equaled by no one.
Because Mrs. Wa had "three victories in three battles" against the Japanese, she was named "Second-grade Madam" by the imperial court. "History of the Ming Dynasty" records: "(Jiajing) thirty-four years, a local official woman in Tianzhou Wa's soldiers should be transferred to Suzhou to suppress the Japanese, and they were subordinated to the commander-in-chief Yu Dayou. For killing many thieves, Wa and his grandsons Cen Dashou and Dalu were rewarded with silver coins, and I ordered the military to reward her as "the people of Jiangsu and Zhejiang." "General Baoyan", the local people praised her as "General Shizhu" and regarded her as the "Great Wall" against Japan. However, at the critical moment when the anti-Japanese war was gaining victory and the situation was developing smoothly, the anti-Japanese governor-general Zhang Jing, who transferred Mrs. Wa to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, was framed and imprisoned by Zhao Wenhua and Yan Song, causing the anti-Japanese army to lose its effective commander. Wa's ambition was not fulfilled, and he fell ill due to anger.
In the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554), China's coastal areas were frequently invaded by Japanese pirates, ranging from Hebei and Shandong in the north to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, In Guangdong and other places, Japanese pirates carried out serious intrusion and sabotage activities. Wherever the Japanese pirates went, they plundered residents' property, robbed merchant ships and goods, and burned down a large number of houses. They burned, killed, and looted without hesitation, seriously threatening the safety of lives and property of people along my country's coast. The Ming court sent troops to conquer many times but ended in defeat. As a last resort, Zhang Jing, the Secretary of the Ministry of War, was appointed as the Governor-General and Minister of State for the Southeast to recruit the "martyr soldiers" belonging to the local officials of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi and troops from other ethnic minorities to the southeast coast to fight against the Japanese. When the Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi sent an order to recruit "martial soldiers" to Tianzhou, Mrs. Wa, who was nearly 60 years old, regardless of her old age and frailty, resolutely applied for the call and asked to lead troops to fight against the Japanese. She was awarded the title of "Female Officer, General and General Soldier" , went to the southeast coastal front to fight against the Japanese. Go to the southeast coast to suppress Japanese pirates. Residents along the southeast coast have long heard that the Zhuang warriors are brave and good at fighting and are famous throughout the country. They regard them as the Great Wall and their people's morale is greatly boosted. Mrs. Wa's troops arrived at the frontline Jinshan Guard (today's Jinshan Guard in Jinshan District, Shanghai) on March 13. Among the soldiers from various places, they were the first to arrive on the battlefield. In April, the Japanese pirates sent out more than 3,000 people to suddenly invade Jinshan Guard. Mrs. Wa led a team to attack, killing the Japanese pirates and fleeing for their lives. This battle turned the tide of the Southeast Anti-Japanese War for the first time. On April 20, more than 4,000 Japanese pirates invaded Jiaxing. Mrs. Wa took the lead. With the cooperation of other friendly forces, she surrounded the Japanese pirates in the Wangjiangjing area (now north of Jiaxing, Zhejiang), annihilating more than 3,000 people in one fell swoop, and bringing destruction to the Japanese pirates. Sexual attack, achieved great victory in the anti-Japanese war, and achieved a turning point victory on the anti-Japanese battlefield. In June, during the battle at Lujingba (now in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), the "warriors" led by Mrs. Wa's wife captured more than 300 Japanese leaders and burned more than 30 pirate ships, which frightened the Japanese pirates. The soldiers' successive victories and extraordinary achievements greatly inspired the fighting spirit of the coastal people. The folk song "Hua Wa family can kill Japanese" is widely spread along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Because of Mrs. Wa's "three victories in three battles" against the Japanese, she was named "Second-grade Madam" by the court, and the people praised her as "General Shizhu". Hu Zongxian, the censor of Zhejiang Province, wrote in "Cao Hai Tu Bian" that Mrs. Wa's troops "could defeat many with a small number, and win nine times out of ten", and "can die but cannot be defeated". From this we can see that the commander-in-chief of the army made good use of the "Cen family's art of war", and one person is equal to ten. However, at the critical moment when the anti-Japanese war was gaining victory and the situation was developing smoothly, Zhang Jing, the governor-general who led the anti-Japanese war, was framed and imprisoned by the treacherous prime minister Yan Song, causing the anti-Japanese army to lose its effective commander. For this reason, Mrs. Wa's wife fell ill in anger and took leave of absence to return to her hometown. After being approved, he returned to Tianzhou in early July. After Wa Shi returned to Tianzhou, he offered sacrifices to his family temple and paid tribute to the soldiers who accompanied the army to show his care and condolences. Not long after, Mrs. Wa died of illness at the Tianzhou Chieftain's Office at the age of 59. She was posthumously named "Shuren" and was buried in the land of the concubine in Zhoucheng.
The Mystery of the Afterlife
Mrs. Wa died of illness not long after she returned from Kailuo Township on the anti-Japanese front line. Her descendants, the Tianzhou Tusi family, held a grand and unique funeral for her, making 18 coffins and carrying out the funeral. At that time, 18 coffins left the city from the four city gates. No one in the city could tell which one was Mrs. Wa's real coffin. After leaving the city, the 18 coffins were scattered and buried on the desolate slopes in the suburbs, and they would be sealed in piles after the burial. Flatten it, leaving no trace. Three years after Mrs. Wa's death, the Cen family collected her remains in accordance with the custom of the Zhuang people and chose a geomantic treasure land for a second burial. But the true burial place of her coffin was not known for a long time. In 1994, the relevant departments of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region assigned Tianyang County the task of finding Mrs. Wa's grave. After many investigations, the Tianyang County Museum determined that Mrs. Wa's original burial place was near Nadoutun, Tianzhou Town, Tianyang County, but no one knew where her remains were. In March 1995, Tianyang County built a memorial mausoleum for Mrs. Wa in Nadoutun. Unfortunately, there are no clothes or remains in the tomb. After the second burial, where were Mrs. Vacheron's remains buried? Now it has become an intractable historical mystery. Character evaluation
A heroine in ancient China. She is proficient in the art of war and manages the army well. His army consisted of "seven-man troops", and during battle, "four men in each troop were specialized in stabbing, and three in each troop were specialized in beheading." "When one person goes to the enemy, the left and right shout for a flanking attack, and the whole group fights to save him; when a group goes to the enemy, the left and right groups fight to save him." When charging, the gunman is in front, and the crossbow holders guard on both sides, and they cooperate closely with each other. Unstoppable.
"Be able to defeat many with a small number, and win nine out of ten times", "can die but cannot be defeated". Memorial Facility Mrs. Wa's Tomb
After Mrs. Wa's death, she was buried in the Cen Cemetery northeast of Nadoutun, Longping Village, Tianzhou Town, Tianyang County today. It covers an area of ??860.2 square meters. In front of the tomb are Huabiao and Stone Dog. , Mrs. Wa's tomb
Stone lions and tombstones. The tombstone is engraved with "The tomb of Mrs. Wa's wife Cenmen from the Ming Dynasty". According to the records of "Zhen'an Prefecture", with "Di Tai" ("Di Tai" in Zhuang means the land of the grandmother, people at that time called the field occupied by the Cen family tomb as "Di Tai") with a radius of one thousand acres in the center Within the scope, seven native official tombs are buried, including Mrs. Wa's wife and Cen Tailu, the 16th generation ancestor of Tianzhou chieftain, and Cen Lan, the 22nd generation ancestor. There is a stele in the middle of the tomb, with the official script in regular script on it: "The tomb of Taijun Wa, the 16th generation descendant of Shuren Cenmen in the Jiajing period of the former Ming Dynasty", and the following inscription: "Another favor for the fourth-rank Tianzhou magistrate and Xiyunqiwei." Sun Yuli, the twenty-sixth generation descendant of the 26th generation, was awarded the second level of cavalry military merit. He was in the 10th year of Jiaqing, the second year of Yi Chou in the midsummer month of Huangu Day." According to the inscription, this tombstone was engraved in 1805, the tenth year of Jiaqing, by Cen Yu, the magistrate of Tianzhou, a descendant of Mrs. Wa. Zhongxia month is the second month of summer, that is, the fifth month of the lunar calendar. Zhonghuan is another name for the middle period, and Gudan refers to the day of awning, which is one of the 24 solar terms. The ancients called wheat grain awning. It can be seen that this inscription should have been erected on May 6, 1805. The original tombstone is now in the Tianyang Museum. The existence of the tombstone can prove the error in the "Tianzhou Cen Family Genealogy" compiled in the Republic of China. It calls Cen Meng the thirteenth generation and Cen Yu the twenty-third generation. However, the tombstone clearly lists Wa as Cen Meng's wife. He is the sixteenth generation of the Cen clan, and the person who erected the monument, Cen Yu, is the twenty-sixth generation of the Cen clan. Shuren is a title given to a married woman. The Ming Dynasty stipulated that the title should be given to the wife of a third-grade official. Cen Meng, who was once an officer and commander of Tongzhi, was a third-grade official, so it is possible that there is this title on Wa's tombstone. Unfortunately, everything has been destroyed in modern times, and most of the cultural relics on the ground have disappeared. There are only many incomplete stone figures and stone lions lying on the mountain road. The stone man's head has been smashed off, but his body is still quite intact, and his clothes are like those of a Ming Dynasty general. The sculpture is exquisitely carved and plump in shape, giving people an extraordinary feeling. The foundation of Mrs. Wa's tomb can be vaguely discerned on the stone tablet in front of the tomb. In 1989, nearby farmers found a tombstone covering a ditch beside the fish pond on Pingjie, Longping Village. The inscription on the tombstone was: "The tomb of Taijun Wa Shi, the 16th generation ancestor of Cenmen, the special enfeoffed scholar of Jiajing in the former Ming Dynasty." , there is a pair of stone pillars in front of the tomb. As an ancient tomb with a history of more than 440 years, Mrs. Wa's Tomb has been damaged through the vicissitudes of history. However, it has been repaired twice since the 1990s and was announced as an autonomous region cultural relics protection unit in July 1994. Now it is an important base for patriotic education. Every year during the Tomb Sweeping Day, experts, scholars and people from inside and outside Guangxi, especially the descendants of the Cen family and people from the southeastern coastal areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, come to pay their respects, worship and pay homage to this national hero. Madam Temple
Jingxi, Bama and other places in western Guangxi are places related to Wa Shi.
Bama was once under the jurisdiction of Tianzhou, and there was a Bama Inspection Department; Jingxi was the birthplace of Mrs. Wa's family. Unfortunately, due to the war in the late Ming Dynasty, there are no traces of Wa's family. In order to worship this national hero, the local people built the "Mrs. Wa's Temple" on the street of Bama Town. It was later moved to Bading Mountain in Bama and stood side by side with the "General Cen Temple" (Cen Meng Temple). The modern painted sculpture of Mrs. Wa in the "Mrs. Wa's Temple" is heroic and heroic. The monument in front of the temple was erected in 1995. People from several nearby counties continue to go there to offer sacrifices, and there is a big sacrifice every three years. Business people from Jiangsu and Zhejiang often go there to offer sacrifices. Madam Wa's Cemetery
Madam Wa's Cemetery is located on the outskirts of Tianzhou, Guangxi, covering an area of ??500 square meters and other land of 1,350 square meters. The construction content includes Wa's tomb, Mrs. Wa's stone statue, and Mrs. Wa's military training ground. , Ji Gongting, etc. The planned riverside avenue passes in front of the tomb and forms a chain scenic spot with Longping Dongmu Island Flower and Fruit Planting and Sightseeing Garden, Tianzhou Ancient City, Lion Rock Park, etc. across the river, which is conducive to the continuity of sightseeing. At the same time, it is located in the transportation center of Baise, which is the only way to go on the "*** Footprint Journey" and has obvious location advantages. *** A 300-meter one-way lane to the cemetery has been built. Developing and using Mrs. Wa's Cemetery as a tourist attraction to attract tourists from all over the world and satisfy the admiration of ancestors has social significance of patriotism and traditional national education. Historical legends
There are many legends and stories about Mrs. Vanessa in her hometown, and the most famous one is "Mrs. Long Breasts". The story goes like this: Legend has it that there was a female general of the Zhuang nationality in Tianzhou, nicknamed "Mrs. Long Breasts". Mrs. Long Breast was brave and good at fighting. When fighting, she rode on a big horse and carried a child on her back. Her two breasts were very long. When she heard a child crying, she would throw the milk on her chest to the child behind her, so she was called "Mrs. Long Breasts." Legend is not equal to history, but legend has the shadow of history. This legendary story is very moving and has profound connotations. It can be determined that it is not only an image portrayal of Mrs. Wa's arduous journey when she was responsible for Tianzhou, but also a true representation of her heroic deeds of fighting against the Japanese and defending the country with her young great-grandson in the south of the Yangtze River. - Documents recorded in Mrs. Wa's Memorial Mausoleum
Although Mrs. Wa's bravery in the armed forces and her fame in the government and the public during her lifetime, she was quite lonely after her death. After hundreds of years of wind and rain, her tomb has been buried and her whereabouts are unknown. , but history will never forget this heroine who made a significant contribution to the survival of the Chinese nation. In the 20th century, the first scholar to comment on Mrs. Wa's wife was Huang Xianfan, a master of Zhuang studies. In 1941 during the Anti-Japanese War, in order to arouse the enthusiasm of the people to actively participate in the Anti-Japanese War and inspire the anti-Japanese soldiers to defend their homes and the country, Professor Huang Xianfan published "Guangxi Female Generals Who Suppressed the Japanese in the Ming Dynasty" in Volume 2, Issue 4 of National Defense Weekly. "" was the first article to comment on "Mrs. Wa", using the past as a metaphor for the present to inspire the enthusiasm and confidence of people at that time to resist Japan; and "The first paper that comprehensively discussed Mrs. Wa was undoubtedly March 1963. On the 8th, Mr. Huang Xianfan, a famous Zhuang historian, published the article "Zhuang Female General Wa Shi Leads the Army to Fight against the Japanese" at the founding meeting of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Historical Society. "After the reform and opening up, the heroine Mrs. Wa Shi gradually attracted the attention of academic and literary circles. Since the 1980s, the historians have held two academic symposiums on Mrs. Wa in Tianyang, such as "Collected Works of Mrs. Wa", "Research on Mrs. Wa", "Anti-Japanese Lady Jie Jie", etc. Treatises on her have been published one after another; the literary and artistic circles have also put Mrs. Watsch on the screen or stage. The stage historical drama and the TV historical drama "Mrs. Watsch" have been staged for ten years. Mrs. Watsch has been widely publicized, thus arousing people's interest in this national hero. A wave of admiration and attention.
Because Mrs. Vacheron Constantin is one of the heroines of ancient China, she has long been a hot topic of research and discussion in Chinese academic circles. In the 20th century, the first scholar to discuss Mrs. Wa's wife was Huang Xianfan, a famous historian of the Zhuang ethnic group. As early as 1941 during the Anti-Japanese War, in order to arouse the enthusiasm of the people to actively participate in the Anti-Japanese War and inspire the fighting spirit of the Anti-Japanese War soldiers to defend their homes and the country, Professor Huang Xianfan published "The Suppression of Japanese Countries in the Ming Dynasty" in Volume 2, Issue 4 of National Defense Weekly. The article "Guangxi Female General". "
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Annan Fan King Mo Duolao personally led more than 10,000 troops to invade the border. The soldiers guarding the pass in Xia Leizhou retreated steadily due to the disparity in strength, and the court did not provide support. At the critical moment, the locals Cen Yuyin, the wife of official Xu Wenying, led more than a hundred female soldiers to take the lead and went from Tusi Yamen to the border to defend the enemy.
The native people of Xia Leizhou were inspired. In order to protect their homeland and country, everyone took up arms and followed. The number of people participating along the way instantly numbered 20,000 to 30,000. Just when the enemy thought that our troops were out of strength, Cen Yuyin led tens of thousands of soldiers and participating civilians to arrive suddenly, killing the Annan soldiers to pieces and fleeing in panic. The Turkish army won a complete victory; from then on, Xia Lei and the surrounding territory were preserved. . The day when the Tu army launched a war coincided with the frost, and the Tu people celebrated for three days and designated it as a festival. It has been passed down to this day and has become the "Frost Descent Festival" of the Zhuang people's traditional festival in Xia Lei Town, Daxin County, Guangxi. Nowadays, the activities of the folk Frost's Descent Festival are divided into three days: "Before the Frost's Descent", "During the Frost's Descent" and "After the Frost's Descent". Zhuang people hold activities such as worship, music, dance and duet singing of folk songs.
The working women in the Zhuang area and the indigenous female leaders where they are located, in the long history of the nation, they have created the culture of their own nation equally with men, and have made the same achievements as women of other ethnic groups. With different special contributions, they are the heroes of the nation.