Qin Shihuang was the first person to unify China and establish a feudal dynasty in the history of China. Therefore, the development history of Qin nationality and Qin culture has also become a hot issue for many scholars at home and abroad. 1974, after the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Shaanxi and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, it caused a strong sensation at home and abroad. Many historians and archaeologists pointed out that Qin people should have four cemetery areas by studying historical documents and archaeological discoveries, and tried to find their locations. By 1987, Shaanxi had discovered the No.2, No.3 and No.4 cemeteries among the four major cemeteries of Qin people, namely Yongcheng cemetery, Zhiyang cemetery and Shihuang cemetery. However, it has never been known where the first cemetery of Qin people-"Xiqiao Cemetery" is.
According to Records of the Historian Qin Benji, Qin's ancestors originally lived in "Xigou Mountain", and later they were made princes of Zhou Dynasty because of their meritorious service in herding horses, and the State of Qin was established. Therefore, "Xigou Mountain" is actually the birthplace and foundation of Qin nationality and Qin culture, and it is of great significance to understand the geographical location of "Xigou Mountain" for the study of Qin history.
During the period of 1993, due to looting by grave robbers, the ancient tomb on Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County, Gansu Province was accidentally discovered, and some precious cultural relics were lost overseas. Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology immediately conducted an eight-month rescue excavation in Dabaozi Mountain, and found out that there are two Han tombs and two tile-shaped chariots and horses pits in the tomb area, which are about 250 meters long from east to west and 140 meters wide from north to south. In the northeast, north and west of the cemetery, small and medium-sized east-west tombs are regularly distributed at a distance of 5 to 7 meters, totaling more than 200. According to the drilling data, archaeologists excavated two east-west Han tombs, 1 east-west tile-shaped chariots and horses pit and nine small and medium-sized tombs from bottom to top.
During the excavation, archaeologists found that the tomb of Dabaozishan is located west to east, and the tomb head is located east, which is exactly the same as Yongcheng Cemetery, Zhiyang Cemetery and Shihuang Cemetery. The Han tomb, which is more than 100 meters long, also shows that Qin people are good at building giant tombs. A large number of bronzes, gold wares and jade articles have also been unearthed from these tombs, and some bronzes are clearly engraved with inscriptions such as "Qin Gong Zhu Ding" and "Qin Metric Bao Gui". Geographically, the unique terrain of "two rivers and one mountain" in Dabaozi Mountain also fully conforms to the "Feng Shui" orientation of the royal cemetery in the pre-Qin period. Therefore, some historians and archaeologists have preliminarily determined that the Dabaozishan Tomb is the first cemetery of Qin people-Xiqiao Cemetery, which has been dusted off by history for more than 2,000 years.
1998, the joint burial tomb of Qin aristocratic couples was found on the dome about three kilometers southeast of Qin cemetery in Dabaozishan. Experts believe that this tomb not only provides strong evidence that the ancient tomb of Dabaozishan is a cemetery, but also shows that Lixian area is the location of Qin's "Xigou Mountain" because of its similar tomb type and geographical features.
Lixian County in the southeast of Gansu Province, which straddles the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, has always been an important area for early human activities and development in history, and its cultural relics and cultural relics in various periods are very rich. Because three of the four Qin tombs were discovered in Shaanxi, the first Qin cemetery was discovered in Lixian County, Gansu Province, which attracted the attention of many experts and scholars in academic circles.
Since 1994, many archaeologists have come to the conclusion that the ancient tomb of Dabaozishan is the graveyard of Qin Dynasty through analysis and textual research. Li, deputy director of the Shanghai Museum, pointed out: "Judging from the shape, inscription, decoration, casting characteristics and related historical facts of Qin Gong, the newly acquired Qin Gong of the Shanghai Museum should be a man of He Wengong; The two tombs in Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County belong to the early Spring and Autumn Period, and their owners are Xianggong and Wengong respectively. Li Xueqin, a member of the academic department, a famous historian in China and the leader of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Engineering Expert Group, believes that the owner of the Qin Gong pot discovered in Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County "should be Zhuang Gong"; Han Wei, an expert on ancient Chinese gold and silver wares and director of Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, thinks that "only Qin Zhong and Zhuang Gong built this tomb" in the article "On Qin Gold Foil Decorations Unearthed in Lixian County, Gansu Province"; Dai Chunyang, a researcher of Gansu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology who presided over the excavation of Qin Cemetery in Dabaozishan, thinks that the owner of Qin Cemetery in Dabaozishan may be Qin Xianggong.
According to Zhu, director of the Department of History and Archaeology of Gansu Provincial Museum, experts in archaeology and history unanimously confirmed that the ancient tomb of Dabaozishan is a Qin cemetery, and its owner may be Zhuang Gong, Xiang Gong or Wen Gong. Qin's first cemetery is located in Dabaozi Mountain in Li County, and Qin's "Xigou Mountain" is located in Li County. Lixian County, Gansu Province is the real birthplace of Qin nationality and Qin culture.
Experts pointed out that the settlement of the No.1 cemetery in Qin Dynasty and the "Xigouling" filled the blank in the study of pre-Qin culture, and provided rich research materials for studying the political, economic, military, cultural, metallurgical, casting and mausoleum systems in the pre-Qin period, and understanding how Qin people changed from herdsman, who lived in Xiqiao, to the founding and founding of the country, thus presenting the four major cemeteries of Qin people to the world completely. (Source: Xinhuanet)