To put it simply, the emperors of past dynasties did not choose Wuhan as the capital, which fully shows that their brains are sober and rational!
Why do you say that? The thoroughfare of nine provinces, located in the hinterland of the mainland, and known as "Madrid of the East", doesn't Wuhan have the conditions to become the capital?
Of course not. Why do you say that? History believes that there are several reasons:
1, the history is too short.
The rise of Wuhan began in the Yuan Dynasty.
At the earliest time, Wuhan was the location of Yunmengze, which was low-lying and flooded by the Yangtze River every year. 128 1 year, Kublai Khan set Wuchang as a Huguang province, and Wuchang became the seat of the provincial administrative unit.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang changed Huguang and other places in the Yuan Dynasty into Huguang Public Affairs Department, which is equivalent to Hubei and Hunan provinces today, and the administrative office is still in Wuchang.
During the Wanli period, Wuchang became a salt distribution center with a prosperous economy, and Hankou on the other side was an important port. During the Qing Dynasty, the surrounding areas of Wuchang also developed, gradually forming the scale of three towns in Wuhan.
1905, after Zhang Zhidong became the governor of Huguang, he began to increase the development of Wuhan, and Wuhan finally became a big city.
It can be said that the biggest feature of Wuhan's historical track is that it has no characteristics. Compared with 170 years of Shanghai, 800 years of Tianjin, 1000 years of Beijing, 3000 years of Xi, Wuhan's qualifications are too shallow.
When Chang 'an, Beijing and other places are imperial capitals, enjoying the prosperity of countries coming to Korea, Wuhan is still a small village in a depression.
In a place like this, ghosts will be regarded as the capital.
In fact, not only the unified dynasty looked down upon it, but even the separatist regime looked down upon it. For example, Sun Quan once said that he would move his capital to Wuchang under Ezhou, but ministers objected: "I would rather drink Jianye water than eat Wuchang fish; It is better to die in Jianye, not just Wuchang! "
Therefore, in the feudal dynasty where seniority is so serious, Wuhan really can't be ranked!
2. The location is particularly embarrassing
Wuchang belonged to the ancient Jingzhou area in history, but the ancient Jingzhou area was not the focus of feudal dynasties, especially the unified dynasty.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the main enemy faced by the Central Plains Dynasty was the Xiongnu in the north. In order to fight back against the Huns, it is best to do our best in World War I. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to hollow out the western regions, and the center of gravity of the empire began to shift to the northwest.
At this time, the political and economic centers were all in the Central Plains and Guanzhong area in the north. Compared with a straight line, Wuchang is more marginal.
During the Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was dug, and Yuhang, Yangzhou and Kaifeng became new economic centers.
After the Tang Dynasty, the Maritime Silk Road flourished, Yangzhou, Quanzhou, Guangzhou and other coastal areas rose rapidly, and there was no Wuchang.
After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the political center moved eastward to Henan, and the economic center moved southward to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Wuchang was not considered.
Since the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing has become a new political center, Jiangsu and Zhejiang have continued to be the economic center of gravity, and Wuchang has become a completely marginal area.
The promotion of Wuhan's political status was in the Yuan Dynasty. In the yuan dynasty, the center of gravity of the empire was the northwest region; After the Ming Dynasty, it became Mongolia in the north, Nuzhen in the northeast and the enemy in the southeast. At this time, it is the southwest toast, and there is also a distance from Wuchang. From the Qing Dynasty, the center of gravity of the empire was still Russia in the north and Mongolia in the northwest.
Therefore, Wuchang, which is located in the hinterland of the mainland, is not the point!
Because it is not above the center of gravity of the empire, Wuchang, which is not occupied at both ends, naturally cannot provoke the heavy responsibility of the capital!
3. The terrain is too low.
The predecessor of Wuhan is Yun Mengze. This is the great lake in Meng Haoran's poem, "Clouds and smoke, sleepy Yueyang".
Yunmengze, distributed in today's Wuhan Plain, once reached an area of more than 40,000 square kilometers in the pre-Qin period. Later, with the passage of time, although Yunmengze gradually became smaller and finally almost disappeared, the low-lying situation in Wuhan remained unchanged!
Because of its low terrain, Hankou in Wuhan has become a famous port, which has promoted the prosperity of trade. It is no problem for such a city to develop its economy, but it is very dangerous if it is the capital.
We know that the Yangtze River runs through Wuhan and divides Wuhan into three towns: Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang. The Yangtze River and Hanjiang River not only bring water resources and shipping convenience to Wuhan, but also bring potential floods.
The ancient Yellow River has always caused serious floods to Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Hebei downstream. As the largest river in China, the Yangtze River has at least 17 times as much water as the Yellow River! This means that once the Yangtze River gets angry, the consequences will be more serious!
Among several big cities in the Yangtze River valley, the average elevation of Wuhan is only 23.3 meters, which is far from Chongqing's 259.438+0 meters. It is destined to be a city hanging by the water.
Often walk by the river, where can I get my shoes wet?
So the potential flood made this place destined not to be the capital of the feudal dynasty!
In addition, in geomantic omen, the general geomantic treasures are surrounded by rivers, but it is really bad for Wuhan to pass through the city like this!
Finally, the low terrain brought more humid and hot environment, so Wuhan was once called the "three furnaces" of China with Chongqing and Nanjing.
The feudal dynasty chose to build its capital not only because the emperor wanted to be comfortable, but also because the capital must reflect the center of the empire. For example, the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing to resist Mongolia. Because Wuhan is located in the center of the country, although its geographical position is safe, it is not conducive to the control of the frontier.
In addition, there are no mountains and other passes around Wuhan, which leads to civil strife in Wuhan.
As Wuhan started late, it had only three experiences as the capital in modern times, namely:
19 1 1 The Wuchang Uprising was the temporary capital, but it was soon moved to Nanjing.
1927 After the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Wuchang, the National Government moved the capital from Guangzhou to Wuchang. However, with Chiang Kai-shek's "4. 12" counter-revolutionary coup and the later confluence of Nanjing and Han, Nanjing became the capital again.
1937 after Japan invaded China, Nanjing fell and the national government moved its capital to Wuhan. But with the failure of Wuhan Battle, the capital moved to Chongqing, and Wuhan declined again!
It can be said that Wuhan is a place that is not destined to be the capital!