◎Food Huo Xia Si
○Yanzhong
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Zhao Zhan, who knew Cangzhou, invited people from Damingfu, Chan, En, Xin'an and Xiong , Ba, Ying, Mo, Ji and other states are all trying to sell it to increase their profits. It is only half a year old and the interest earned is sixty-seven thousand yuan. When Emperor Zhezong came to the throne, Wang Yansou, the supervisory censor, said: "In the second year of Hebei Province, a new salt law was implemented, and the price doubled. This not only deprived merchants of profits, but also increased the price for residents. I heard that poor families even used salt as a substitute for medicine. Fuwei Heshuo is the foundation of the world, and our ancestors regarded it as a benefit. I hope that your majesty will not harm the people for the benefit, but benefit the people. The salt method will remain the same, and it will be an infinite gift to millions of lives in Hebei. "Hui Hebei transfer envoy Fan Ziqi." According to the report, if the salt tax is to be collected at ten points, Fan E will be sent to pay it. Yansou replied: "I am in Hebei, and I also know that merchants have invited officials to ask for help, and they are willing to lose double the tax. The planners only know that the merchants will get double the tax, but they do not know that the merchants will increase the number of people. The selling price was harmful. In the sixth year of Qingli, neither the three divisions were used to discuss the purchase nor the request from the Transportation Department to increase taxes. Renzong directly said that I was afraid that the soldiers and civilians in Hebei would suddenly eat expensive salt, so the time would continue to increase. Doesn't Renzong not know that it is for the benefit of the public to pay several hundred and six hundred thousand yuan? It means that the officials who hide are not as good as the people. Now that your majesty has come to the throne, it is appropriate to follow Renzong's wishes and not to lose people's hearts with small gains. "Next year, let's stop. Hebei questioned the law and continued to trade. In the sixth year, he promoted the Hebei Salt Tax Department to ask merchants to sell salt, transport taxes in the field, and other households to ensure their posts. If the old tax amount is five cents, it will be increased to seven cents. Then the salt tax has been implemented.
In Shaoshengzhong, Hebei officials resumed selling salt, and the imperial edict was followed like the Jingdong method. In the third year of Yuanfu, Lin Yu, the envoy of Chongyi, said: "Hebei's salt sales may not be able to pay the previous day's tax, and the Khitan salt sales are increasing, so I am worried about opening up a gap." Next year, all the superior officials in the government agreed with their words, but nothing came of it. In the first year of Xuanhe, the alkaline lands produced in Gyeonggi, Sifu, Huazhou and Heyang were cultivated into fields. The disadvantages of leather thieves, scrapers and salt decoctions were known. King Xu of Heyang was aware of them and persuaded them to reward them. In three years, the salt law was greatly changed, and the old tax salt was replaced by banknote salt. Those who have not yet sold taxed salt and have asked for it to be calculated or have already invested it in the warehouse and have not yet invested it should go to the warehouse to check the goods and change it to the new tax code, and they are allowed to sell it; those who have asked the old tax salt seller to present it themselves and buy more. New banknotes are being sold with belts. I have asked for a banknote guide, but I cannot bring them with me. At the beginning, the method of exchanging tea and salt with banknotes made people and travelers sick, but Hebei was not yet reached; later, it was also carried out in Hebei and Jingdong.
, Wenzhou Tianfu North and South Prison, Miying Yongjia Two Fields, more than 74,000 stones, and Taizhou Huangyan Prison more than 15,000 stones, to give to Benzhou, Yue, Chu, Qu, and Wuzhou. In Tianshengzhong, Hang, Xiu, Wen, Tai, and Ming each have one prison, and Wenzhou leads three. The annual tax along the way is reduced by 68,000 shi from the old to give to this road and Shezhou in Jiangdong.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Secretary of the Zhizhi Dynasty said: The rivers have become shallow and dry in recent years, and water transportation has been difficult and difficult. It is very expensive and expensive. Please increase the amount of salt money for the Jiangsu, Huaihe, Liangzhejiang, and Jinghu routes. The third division reported to Jinghu that they had tried to increase the amount of money. The remaining thirty-eight state troops of the fourth group asked for an increase of two or four cents. The edict was issued as soon as the river could be opened again. Now Jiangzhou has set up a transshipment warehouse, and has also set up canals and passenger boats for transportation. The production and purchase department asked the Sixth Route and Fifty-one Prefecture Army to increase the amount by five cents. The people are suffering, the officials are overestimating salt, and they have nothing to eat, and all roads are complaining about the inconvenience. After a long time, Han Jiang comforted Jiangnan and returned, which was also a very serious statement. Later, Shen Li and Li Suzhi, the transshipment envoys of the two Zhejiang provinces, reported: "The salt class on this road was worth 790,000 yuan a year. In the third year of Jiayou's reign, it only reached 530,000 yuan; and within one year of age, 3,900 people were convicted of smuggling." Nineteen people; the disadvantage is that the official salt is overestimated, so the private sales continue, and the official class is beneficial to the loss. Please lay off the official estimate, cancel the salt order, and order the shopkeepers to go to the mountain farm to collect salt in front of the Yamen. In this way, the salt will be good and the evaluation will be flat. If people are not willing to risk the ban and sell privately, the official tax will be overflowing. "It will be difficult for the shipping department." Li and Su Zhigu, please try his method for two or three years. You can see the benefits and disadvantages, and the edict can be issued.
He discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Eastern Salt and discussed the shortcomings of pavilion households, warehouses, and canal transportation. He said: "Love the pavilion households so that they will not be poor, rest and can make the soldiers make a living, and prevent and control warehouses." If one can do these five things without restraining the rate, eliminate private traders, and reduce official estimates, one can gain one or two million yuan per year. "After collecting twenty volumes of "Salt Policy", it is said that the households in the pavilion are poor. Especially.
In Tianshengzhong, there are seven in Tongzhou and Chuzhou, eight in Taizhou, two in Haizhou, and one in Lianshui. The old number is reduced by more than 697,540 stones to provide for this road and The four east-west roads in Jiangnan and the north-south roads in Jinghu were merged into two Zhejiang roads in the past, starting from the seventh year of Tiansheng.
Whenever salt comes in, warehouses are set up to receive it, one each from Tongzhou and Chuzhou, and three from Taizhou to receive the salt from the three states. He also placed two Bancang units, one in Zhenzhou to receive the salt from Tong, Tai, and Chu Wucang; the other in Lianshui Army, to receive the salt from Lianshui in Haizhou. Jiangnan and Jinghu brought rice to Huainan every year and received salt before returning. The salt in the southeast is considered to be the thickest in the world. When Yan is an official, Wen, Tai, and Mingjin in Huainan, Fujian, and Zhejiang are worth four coins, Hang and Xiu are six coins, and Guangnan is five coins. When it comes out, look at the distance in the salt channel and estimate up and down, the benefit may be up to ten times.
In the fourth year of Xianping, Sun Mian, the secretary of the Chengzhi History Museum, asked: "Let Jiangnan and Jinghu trade and sell salt, collect grain and grass from the margins, and bring gold, silver, money, and silk to the capital. This will be convenient for both public and private purposes." There are many benefits. If Huainan suffers a slight deficit due to the trade between Jiangnan and Jinghu, the country will lose enough grain and grass to support the border troops; the gold and silver will be enough to support the official treasury; and there will be no need to hire cars and travel. To harass people's households and travel long distances in the cold. To transport tens of thousands of coins from Jinghu Lake and transport rice and thousands of stones from Huainan, and to transport them to the poor side with the strength of their own feet, it would cost the officials several times more labor. Shu and others said: "Officials in the rivers and lakes sell salt, and they cover the land close to the sea. If they want to appease those who violate the prohibition, if they do business now, and they live and sell official salt, they will lose one year's quota." Mian then went to bed. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Tianxi, people were recruited to the capital and Huai, Zhejiang, Jiangnan, and Jinghu prefectures to prepare salt. In the first year of Qianxing's reign, the total amount of money invested in the capital was 1.4 million. The salt production in Huitong and Taiyuan was lost over the years, and there was not much stored in the place. Because they stopped buying grain and silk, they ordered money to be paid. Over time, more salt accumulates.
In the second year of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Suijian, the political advisor, said: "The salt in Huainan was very good at the beginning. It was transported from Tong, Tai, and Chu to Zhenzhou, and from Zhenzhou to Jiang, Zhejiang, and Jinghu. Gang Li The boats were invaded by thieves and traders, and the sand and soil were mixed with them as the road went farther. The officials and soldiers whipped them one after another, but they could not stop it. , there is no salt for food; and the fifteen million stones in Huainan have no room to store them, and they are covered with thatch and worn out over the years. Moreover, the pavilion households transport salt, and they may not be able to give them the capital they deserve. Poverty often leads to thieves, and the harm is like this. I wish to listen to the business for three or five years, and let the merchants invest money in the capital, and set up Zhebo in Yangzhou, so that they can lose money and millet, and they will sell salt for about one stone. Two thousand, then 15 million stones can get 30 million coins for state use, one benefit; rivers and lakes far and near eat white salt, two benefits; water transportation is wasted at the end of the year, wind and water overturn, and boat people are drowned. There are three benefits if you are not punished; in the past, the salt boat could be moved to carry rice, which was four benefits; the merchants could pay the pavilion households with money, which was five benefits. "
At that time, Fan Zhongyan appeased Jiang. , Huaihe, also with the purpose of dredging salt and water, that is, the imperial edict, the Zhizhi system, the imperial edict Dingdu, etc., were discussed with the three ministers and the Jianghuai system envoys. They all said that the traders were afraid that private traders would run rampant and invade the county officials, so they asked the imperial edict to install Siyi canals to transport them to various roads, so that everyone could have two or three years of savings. The troops in Huai, Zhejiang, Jiangnan, and Jinghu prefectures trade salt; those who trade in Tong, Chu, Tai, Hai, Zhen, Yang, Lianshui, and Gaoyou are not allowed to leave the city, and those in Tingyi County and Town in Yuzhou are not allowed to go to the countryside; they enter the capital of Qian The emperor gave it more salt, and ordered the transfer of the capital of the Secretary's paintings to repay the pavilion households. All edicts were implemented. In the second year of Jingyou's reign, all trade deals were unprofitable, so he stopped and went to the capital as before.