Beijing is rich in regional culture, and the tombs of historical celebrities are one of the unique landscapes. Geographically, the tombs of historical celebrities are mainly concentrated in the western suburbs, among which there are more than 40 people who have a very important influence in the modern history of China at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain.
Xiangshan Wan 'an Cemetery is the place with the largest number of tombs of historical celebrities. There is a small garden surrounded by blue bricks among the pines and cypresses, where the martyr Li Dazhao, a pioneer of the New Culture Movement in China and one of the founders of the China Production Party, is buried. In the cemetery stands a full-length statue of a white marble martyr, holding his head high and looking forward, showing the integrity of a revolutionary.
A few tens of meters to the right from the cemetery, there is a cemetery, a tomb table with bluestone and a tombstone painted with green water, which looks very simple. This is the tomb of the famous writer Zhu Ziqing. His prose is familiar and appreciated by the world, among which Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Back, Qinhuai River under the Shadow of Paddles and other famous works are well-known. Not far from the mausoleum lies the modern writer Dai Wangshu. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School, and his Rain Lane made him famous in the history of modern literature in China. Not far from the west, there is a legendary figure-the famous anti-Japanese star Ma Zhanshan, whose grave faces east. The tomb cover is carved with white marble, and the headstone and both sides of the tombstone are engraved with exquisite tooth-shaped carvings, and the tombstone is engraved with gold-plated Chinese characters. After the "918 Incident", General Ma rose up to resist Japan in the northeast, fought bloody battles in Jiangqiao, and fired the first shot of armed anti-Japanese, which became famous at home and abroad. Not far from here lies Dong Haichuan, the founder of Bagua Palm in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty and a martial arts expert. He has superb skills and extraordinary wit, and many legendary stories about him killing the rich and helping the poor have been passed down to this day. His tomb belongs to the Qing Dynasty. It has four monuments, which were donated by hundreds of disciples. It looks simple and elegant. In addition, the famous painter, performing artist Mei, Erhu master and patriotic Democrat Zhang Ximan are also buried here.
Another historical celebrity tomb in Xiangshan is located on the west side of Biyun Temple. On the platform surrounded by pine and cypress, the famous Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang was buried. His grave was carefully designed. A huge plum blossom was cast in cement in the center of the cemetery. Master Mei and his wife were buried in the center of the plum blossom. A white marble tombstone more than two meters high is embedded between the stone walls behind the tomb, and five dignified and beautiful running script characters are written. The stage artistic images created by Master Mei are still vivid today: Yang Guifei, Mu, etc. And his unique charm is unforgettable. Coincidentally, there are many famous Peking Opera people, including Ma, Wang, Yan, and so on, 100 feet away from here. At the same time, Hu Qin masters Mei Yutian and Xu Lanyuan are also buried here. They are born, born, clean and ugly together, as if performing a never-ending drama for people.
From here to the north is a semi-circular cement dome, facing south and north. In front of the tomb stands a white marble stone tablet engraved with the "Tomb of General Tong, an Anti-Japanese Martyr". In front of the monument is a water mill altar, surrounded by pines and cypresses. 1On July 7, 937, General Tong led the officers and men of the 29th Army in a bloody battle with the Japanese aggressors at Lugouqiao, and finally died heroically at the age of 45. When the martyrs were buried, people from all walks of life set up incense tables to mourn, and people along the street stood in mourning. In memory of him, a street in Fuchengmen, Beiping City was renamed "Tonggelin Road". Not far from the Martyrs' Tomb, two other celebrities in China's modern cultural history are buried. One is Liu Bannong, a master and poet of the New Culture Movement, whose song "Teach me how to miss her" has been sung to this day. His tomb is a stone square platform with a huge portrait of Mr. Liu embedded in the marble column in front. The other is Liu Tianhua, a famous music master and erhu player. His representative works "A Bright Walk", "Good Night" and "Birds in the Empty Mountain" are regarded as the classics of modern music. His bluestone tombstone, less than one meter high and less than one meter wide, has 5,500 words, which records the great contribution of the master to China culture.
The king of western songs is located at the southern foot of Xiangshan Mountain. His tomb is backed by green hills and overlooks the capital. Black marble headstones and tables are simple and elegant in design. The epitaph of Wang, a national musician with more than 600 words, is engraved on the tomb platform, which records the bumpy life of the old man. The back of the tombstone is engraved with the music score "in that distant place", which is the old man's handwriting. The handwriting is firm and free and easy. Representative works of the elderly, such as "In that Far Away Place", "Alamu Khan" and "Half Moon Climbing Up", have been popular in China for more than half a century with their meaningful feelings and beautiful melodies, and are known as the classics of China music.
In addition, Liang Qichao, a famous figure in China's modern history and the leader of the Reform Movement of 1898, Xiong Xiling, the prime minister of the Beiyang warlord period and a famous philanthropist, Wu, the prime minister of the Beiyang government, Duan, the chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Province, and Zhang Zongchang, the great warlord, are all buried at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain.
Xiangshan Scenic Area is only a few square kilometers in Fiona Fang, but there are so many historical celebrities, which is rare in China, and reflects the rich regional culture of Beijing flavor.
At the southern foot of Xiangfeng, Xiangshan Road, there is a quiet mountain depression, which is formed by connecting the peaks in the south, west and north, and looks like a crescent moon. Name: Wolf Valley. Why is it called Wolf Valley? There is no textual research. According to the book Textual Research on Old News of Sun in Qing Dynasty, it was once a quarry in Ming Dynasty. The poet Xie Zhen described the hard life of the workers in Langjiangou quarry in his poems. Up to now, there are still stones left in the depths of the ravine.
The geological structures here are mainly sand shale, shale and volcanic rocks. Among them, sand shale is an ideal water-bearing rock with loose structure and high porosity. At the same time, the sand shale is soft, easily weathered and broken into soft soil. Compact shale, which contains neither water nor water, constitutes an ideal aquifer. So in this ravine, the mountains are green and the vegetation is numerous. There are dozens of families and hundreds of plants such as pine, cypress, maple, cotinus coggygria, peach, thorn plum and jujube. Spring blossoms, competing for beauty; In summer, the vegetation is cloudy, quiet and cool; In autumn, the leaves are full of red flowers, such as painting; In winter, Yinshan is beautiful and charming.
According to the old gentleman here, there are a lot of cotinus coggygria and maple trees on this mountain, which are most suitable for viewing red leaves. The color of red leaves varies with different tree species, different tree ages, different annual precipitation, even the morning and evening of frost, the intensity of sunlight, visual angle and distance. And the color of leaves is different every year, every day and every hour. There are more than a dozen kinds, such as pink, purple, purples, vermilion, scarlet and crimson. It's really endless and charming. The red leaves in the morning are dewy and crystal clear; At noon, red leaves are bright and bright, like brocade and fire; In the afternoon, as the mountain wind gradually rises, the red leaves sway with the wind and appear red waves. Pines and cypresses, lined with red leaves, are deep and shallow, far and near, dynamic and quiet, so harmonious and beautiful. Exactly: "Wei Qi is not beautiful, and it is difficult for a skillful craftsman to set colors."
There are two famous people in China's modern history living in Langjian Gully of Xiangshan. One is General Tang, an anti-Japanese hero. 1937 in the lugouqiao incident, the general died for his country and died in the battlefield. He was the first senior Kuomintang general to die in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he held a grand state funeral and moved to the hillside behind the former residence of General Lang Jiangou in Xiangshan. Every year, many people at home and abroad come to pay their respects. The other is Wang Ying, an actress who was active on the stage of drama and film in China in the 1920s and 1930s. 1958, Wang Ying moved from the city to Langjiangou in Xiangshan, where he lived for eight years. Two novels, Two Kinds of Americans and Bao Gu, were written here. Mr. Lao She often came here to visit her and gave her a poem: "Living in a suburban garden is full of diseases, and the western hills are cool." Apart from the wind, the clouds are warm and the shadows are loose. Read the book Human Revolution carefully. "
Langjiangou in Xiangshan was the military camp of Huangzheng Banner in Jianrui Camp in Xiangshan in Qing Dynasty. The place names of Huang Zhengqi are still in use today. On the hill in the east, there is also a town camp-the tower foundation of the tower. To the south, the courtyard with red walls and gray tiles, hidden among ancient trees and layers of mountains, is the Eight Banners High School. If you are lucky, you can still find the remnants of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the ravine.
Xiangshan in the western suburbs of Beijing: the birthplace of the legendary Dream of Red Mansions.