In Song Dynasty, the price of complete houses ranged from 500 to 10000, and 500 to 1000 was a middle-income family house. The consistent currency value is converted into RMB, which is converted at the price of rice. According to the rice price in different periods, the consistent money in Song Dynasty was about RMB 300 yuan-purchasing power 600 yuan, of which 450 yuan was consistent money. Then the price of a complete house in Song Dynasty is between 225,000 and 450,000, of which 5,000 yuan is a luxury house, and the most expensive one is 1 10,000 yuan. Inflation in the Southern Song Dynasty has always accounted for 700 to 800 RMB, and 1 10,000 RMB is equivalent to 700 to 800 million RMB. The salaries of officials in the Tang and Song Dynasties were very high, and officials in the Song Dynasty also had pensions. The annual salary of county magistrate is 300 yuan, so that the annual income of senior officials (above level 2) is around 8,000 to 10,000 yuan. Don't think that houses in the Song Dynasty are expensive, and the economy in the Song Dynasty is irrelevant.
A family of ten spends about 100 yuan a year, and life is very good. In the Northern Song Dynasty, money can always buy a pig, and 600 coppers can buy a stone of rice, which is 66 kilograms. When the Southern Song Dynasty was the most expensive, a pig was only 2-3 yuan, and a stone of rice was two yuan. The minimum assets of middle-class families in the Northern Song Dynasty were above 1000, and those in the Southern Song Dynasty were above 3,000.
During his ten years in the world, Shen, a resident of Dunhuang, sold his house because he needed money badly. The house transfer contract says: the house is priced by area, and the wheat value per foot is two main and five liters. In addition, all the furniture and furnishings in the house are also sold with the house. The total value of wheat is more than 29 masters, with five buckets and six liters. "Shuo" is an ancient unit of capacity, which is common with "stone" in the Tang Dynasty, a stone is about 90 Jin. If the wheat price at that time is converted into 8 cents per catty, the house price per square meter can be sold to 1.555 yuan. At that time, the monthly income of Dunhuang civilians generally did not exceed two stone wheat, that is, below 300 yuan. Therefore, it is impossible for ordinary people to afford a house. High housing prices seem to have existed since ancient times, and now high housing prices can be regarded as an inheritance from tradition.
But even if ordinary people can't afford a house, officials should have a decent place to live. In fact, this is not necessarily, it depends on when. The inscriptions on unearthed bronzes recorded the phenomenon of buying, selling and renting houses in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, indicating that there was a house transaction at that time. However, due to the sparsely populated Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the economy was self-sufficient. Before the Tang Dynasty, housing transactions were not active and house prices were not too high. The court could also provide officials with free official residences. However, after the economic development in the Tang Dynasty, house prices rose sharply. And the number of officials is gradually increasing. Under the pressure of high housing prices and numerous officials, the government is gradually unable to provide free official residences for officials.
In the Song Dynasty, officials who couldn't afford to buy their own houses rented houses from the administrative department in charge of government real estate. According to the History of Song Dynasty, after the death of Liu Fu, a veteran of Taizu and Taizong, their descendants lost their private residence.
It seems that being an official does not mean that the whole family will never worry about housing problems. Moreover, the practical significance of "dismissing officials" in the Tang and Song Dynasties not only lost the privilege of exercising power in a certain position and receiving full official salaries, but also had a major feature that they could not continue to live in official residences, and these retired officials had to rush about for housing problems. For example, Du Yan, the prime minister of Song Renzong, kept the officials clean and hid property. After retirement, he didn't even have a retreat to move to a rural house, so he had to wait for a long time in Nanjing until his death. When Su Zhe retired to Xuzhou, he saw Li's new house and said enviously, "I am seventy years old and don't have a house. I am not as good as your house, so I got 30 rooms." So Su Zhe also built himself a house, but although he got his wish and spent all his life savings, it's a pity that he is still working as a house slave at this age.
Actually, Su Zhe is not the only one who is a house slave. In the Song Dynasty, a man named Zhang Zhongwen wrote a book called White Water Cellar, which mentioned "house slaves": "My wife and children are naked ... and they live in rented quilts at night." It means that my savings and borrowed money are spent on the house. Now I can only live in debt and live frugally. Not only do the wife and children have no good clothes, but even the quilts are rented from others.
There were also house slaves in the Qing Dynasty. During Guangxu period, those people in Beijing who couldn't afford to buy a house built it themselves. If they couldn't afford it, they borrowed money to build it, and then they paid it back slowly. There is a bamboo poem that reflects this situation: "How much do you owe for building such a wide ceiling?"
In fact, in ancient times, there were not only house slaves, but also humble dwellings. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a college student named Gu Tao. He described the housing shortage of ordinary people like this: "The neighbors are packed, the shelves are half empty, the boxes are piled up, and the children are separated." This means that the house is too small and can only be separated into a small duplex by adding a layer between the ceiling and the floor of the house. The bedroom is too small to get out of bed, so put the boxes and cabinets together and let the children sleep.
In fact, the loan to buy a house only appeared in the Qing dynasty, and the real housing mortgage did not appear until the Republic of China.
When buying a house, in fact, ancient people, like modern people, should consider many factors.
The first is to see if the house price is affordable. For example, the Su brothers, far from Beijing, chose to buy a house in a relatively cheap place. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, had a more interesting experience in buying a house. At that time, his official position was "school bookkeeper" with a monthly salary of 1600 yuan. At that time, Bai Juyi rented four huts in the eastern suburbs of Chang 'an. Because it is far from his place of work, he keeps a horse to walk instead of walking, and employs two nannies. As a result, it costs 7500 yuan a month, and the remaining 8500 is saved. But 10 years later, he failed to buy a house in Chang 'an. Later, Bai Juyi bought a house in Weinan County, Shaanxi Province. I usually live in the unit and go back to my hometown in Weinan on holidays. This is similar to the white-collar workers in big cities now, buying a house in the suburbs and renting a house in the city to work.
Then it is necessary to consider whether the location and surrounding environment are satisfactory. The ancients attached great importance to the living environment, and the most famous example of this situation was Meng Mu's three moves.
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