Note ① Embankment siltation: Embankment is built to drain water so that low-lying land can be cultivated. ② Hou: word, Yihuang (now Jiangxi) people. Official to the water supervisor, died in office.
1 1. Explain the words added in the text (4 points)
(1) Ancient city water surplus () (2) Decision of Xusai Ancient City ()
12. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. (3 points)
The dike is quite bad and will be destroyed, and manpower can't control it.
13.( 1) The method of Hou governance is "——". (3 points)
Judging from the text, Hou is a good man. (2 points)
Answer analysis:
1 1.( 1) full, full (2 points) (2 points) slow, slow (2 points)
12. The dike was damaged and collapsed in many places, which was beyond human control. (3 points)
13.( 1) "There are dozens of miles of ancient cities, and the ancient cities are flooded with water" (1), "Urgent people control the dikes" (1), "Decision of Xusai Ancient City" (65438+) (1)
2. During the period of Yi Ning (year number), Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) excavated water and silt fields, and the Bianshui suddenly rose, the levee was seriously damaged, and the subsidence was about to collapse, which was unstoppable by manpower. Later, he served as Du Shuicheng and came to the scene at that time. I found an ancient city dozens of miles upstream, and immediately ordered to dig a dike to introduce water into the ancient city. When the ancient city dried up, I quickly sent someone to repair the dike.
The next day, the ancient city was full of water, and Bianshui flowed down again. At this time, the collapse of the border has been repaired. Then slowly plug the breach that led the water to the ancient city. The water inside and outside the river bank does not flow with each other, so it can be blocked in a short time. Everyone admires Hou's cleverness "
Plug: plug, plug.
Make: make, command.
Hou (A.D. 1023~ 1076) was named; People from Houfang, Xinfeng Township, Yihuang County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Famous ministers and water conservancy experts in Song Dynasty. Hou was ambitious and studied hard from an early age. In the sixth year of Song Dynasty (AD 1046), he was a scholar. Qiu Yong county magistrate, tonglu county magistrate. Everywhere you go, you have made achievements, and the traitors and strongmen have shrunk. After the transfer, the Law Department of the Third Division was appointed as a secretary to participate in legal discussions.
Extended data:
Hou devoted his life to water conservancy. His thought of water control was vilified by conservatives who opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, saying that his water control destroyed the geomantic Long Mai and would bring disaster to the gods. He was unmoved, insisted on water control and used the money of the Ministry of Water Resources to recruit migrant workers to build dikes.
Encourage farmers to reclaim silt and reduce agricultural taxes, which will benefit farmers greatly; Waterways were used to communicate internal and external river transport, and later tributes from North Korea also passed through waterways. Song Shenzong praised him and said, "The ancients said that they should be diligent in serving the country and try their best to get along with the country. Yu Qing is innocent. "
He ran around in water conservancy for many years, and finally Song Xining, who was in charge of water conservancy in Guangshan Temple in Yangzhou, died of overwork in the ninth year (AD 1076). Song Shenzong no longer regards one day as a sign of sadness.
In the sixth year of Xining, he moved to Hebei as a land and water traffic judge and water supervisor. He presided over the diversion of water from Beijing to the Sol River, the excavation of rivers, the setting of river gates and the regulation of water use, all of which were beneficial to irrigation and water transportation. Later, he personally supervised the migrant workers to dredge the Baigou, Daoma and Mencius rivers, repair the abandoned Chaozong sluice and open the river for more than 2,000 miles, which greatly improved the irrigation conditions of local farmland. Xining presided over the project of introducing frontier into Cai in eight years, which made the shipping smooth.
Sogou encyclopedia-Hou Shuxian
3. What does post-Shu Xian mean in classical Chinese? Make: send, send.
Plug: faded
Original text:
In Xining, there are dikes and silt fields in Suiyang boundary. When the edge water burst the dike, the dike was quite bad and the manpower was out of control. At this time, Shu, the capital of Shuicheng, personally stepped out and looked at each other. There is an ancient city dozens of miles above it. The levee was flooded into the ancient city, and the water downstream dried up, which made people urgently deal with the collapse of the levee. The next day, the water in the ancient city was full, and the river flowed again, but the dike subsidence ended. As set by the ancient city of Xusai, the internal and external levels do not flow, but can be plugged in an instant. Everyone is alert.
Translation:
During the Xining period in northern Song Shenzong, Suiyang built a dam to drain water, so as to turn low-lying land into cultivated land. Unexpectedly, the water level of Bianhe River suddenly soared and the dike collapsed, which could not be repaired for a while. Hou, then head of the Ministry of Water Resources, inspected the disaster and found an abandoned ancient city dozens of miles upstream. He ordered people to dig some dams and introduce water into the ancient city, so that the water downstream would be reduced and workers could get close to repairing the dams. The next day, the water in the ancient city was full, and the river began to flow downwards again, but the dike had been repaired, so the dike dug in the ancient city was blocked, and the river was allowed to flow downstream, and soon the water in the city subsided. Everyone admires Hou's wit and cleverness.
4. Wang Fuchuan answered the classical Chinese Wang Fu, whose real name is Chu Yang and Gu 'an. In the seventh year of orthodox school (1442), he was admitted to Jinshi. Give punishment to this matter. Loud voice, gorgeous appearance, good at stating your own ideas. Promoted to general political participation. One is to invade the capital and invite ministers to meet the emperor. Everyone was afraid to go, and Wang Fu asked to go. So he was promoted to Right Zheng Tong, acting as assistant minister of rites and traveling with Zhao Rong, a calligrapher in China. The enemy exposed the blade and threatened them, and Wang Fu and others were not afraid. After returning to China, he still served as the general political department and was promoted to the general political envoy.
In the first year of Chenghua (1465), General Yansui's government was able to catch up with and attack Hetao people, and the emperor issued a decree to reward them. Wang Fu thinks it is not appropriate to go to 700 miles, and he is worried that disputes will arise because he hopes to succeed unexpectedly. Please tell him by decree. The emperor thinks he is right. Be promoted to Shangshu.
Chen Jue was originally a painter. By the time of his death, nephew Chen asked to inherit 100 households. Wang Fu said: "It is the order of the first emperor to carry on the family line, but it is not a meritorious military service and should not be allowed." So stop it.
When children invaded the border, the emperor ordered Wang to return to Beijing to inspect Shaanxi border guards. From Yansui to Gansu, observing the terrain, he suggested: "Yansui starts from the bank of the Yellow River in the east and reaches Dingbianying in the west, lingering for more than 2,000 miles. All the risks are in the mainland, but there is no barrier outside, only relying on the dock to defend. But the army is stationed inside and the people live outside. Once the enemy entered the customs, the loyal subjects did not act, and the people were plundered. Coupled with the southwest to Qingyang, more than 500 miles apart, the bonfire can not be connected. The bandits came and people didn't know. Please move 19 fortresses such as Fugu and Xiangshui and put them in important places near the frontier. And from Anbianying to Qingyang, from Dingbianying to Zhou Huan, building a pier every twenty miles is 34 * *. Trenches and city walls are built with the terrain. In order to hear each other's voices quietly, it is easy to defend. " After the throne was presented, the emperor followed his advice.
Wang Fu was reassigned to the Ministry of Industry. Wang Fu strictly abides by laws and regulations, and his reputation exceeds that of the Ministry of War. At that time, China officials asked to build a cloister in the northwest of the imperial city, and Wang Fu proposed to postpone it. Gao Fei also said that disasters are frequent, so it is not appropriate for 10,000 people to do useless things. The emperor will not allow it. The officer in charge led Tengxiang Siwei and asked for a cotton coat and shoes and trousers. Wang Fujian refused, saying, "These things were originally made by the imperial court for the soldiers who went to war, so that they could leave today without bothering to sew them. The Beijing army supplies cloth and cotton for winter clothes every year. This is an established system. How can I change it? " In response to the death of French King Gershbar, China officially requested the construction of temples and towers. Wang Fu said: "All benevolent French kings only build towers, not temples. This system should not be created now. " So he just ordered the tower to be built, or sent 4 thousand soldiers to serve him.
Wang Fuxi likes to learn ancient books, abides by the rules of honesty and restraint, has no talent for dealing with people, is an official and knows everything, and has worked in the Ministry of Industry for 12 years. In the face of disaster, the admonition officer said that he was old and Wang Fu asked to retire. The emperor won't allow it. Two months later, the admonition officer impeached Wang Fu again. Then the emperor issued a decree ordering him to resign and go home. After his death, he was given Prince Taibao and Mi Hao Zhuang Jian.
5. What does post-Shu Xian mean by making peace and blocking in classical Chinese? Production: send, send and block: fade out. Original: Ning Zhong, Sui Yang silted up the land.
When the edge water burst the dike, the dike was quite bad and the manpower was out of control. At this time, Shu, the capital of Shuicheng, personally stepped out and looked at each other. There is an ancient city dozens of miles above it. The levee was flooded into the ancient city, and the water downstream dried up, which made people urgently deal with the collapse of the levee.
The next day, the water in the ancient city was full, and the river began to flow again, but the dike subsidence was over. As set by the ancient city of Xusai, the internal and external levels do not flow, but can be plugged in an instant. Everyone is alert.
During the Xining period in northern Song Shenzong, a dam was built in Suiyang area to drain water, so as to turn low-lying land into cultivated land. Unexpectedly, the water level of Bianhe River suddenly soared and the dike collapsed, which could not be repaired for a while.
Hou, then head of the Ministry of Water Resources, inspected the disaster and found an abandoned ancient city dozens of miles upstream. He ordered people to dig some dams and introduce water into the ancient city, so that the water downstream would be reduced and workers could get close to repairing the dams. The next day, the water in the ancient city was full, and the river began to flow downwards again, but the dike had been repaired, so the dike dug in the ancient city was blocked, and the river was allowed to flow downstream, and soon the water in the city subsided. Everyone admires Hou's wit and cleverness.
6. Xia Meng Reading Answer Xia Meng Chen Jing (1) Winter has passed with its solemnity, leaving people not only relaxed, but also faint fatigue; Spring has disappeared with its shyness, leaving people with not only joy, but also a touch of sadness.
Winter is short in Changchun. (2) Xia Huan came running with his passion and enthusiasm.
Therefore, we restless girls can't wait to jump on the wonderful and rich nature and dream a warm dream. (3) After intense study, we went to the fields to find a new artistic conception and a moment of comfort.
(4) Bend down and touch your favorite grass. I have been here in spring, and the tender grass is like a chicken's mouth, a piece of goose yellow.
We can't bear to go for an outing again. Look, now the grass, they stretch out solid arms, hold up the steps of tourists, and give the earth a tone of striving for progress.
Green-the green in summer comes into our eyes. At this time, we really feel that winter is boring, because she has lost her green color; Spring is stingy, only let the wind bring a touch of green; Only in summer can we give our love so generously and selflessly to the earth and to the children full of fantasy.
Oh, the green in summer is so thick and intoxicating, like a huge textile net, enclosing rivers, villages and fields. I wish I could reach out and hug her, but what a beautiful fantasy.
(6) The grass crawls on the ground and sticks out colorful flowers; Goldfish tails with beads and dew, bright red plums, irises flying with wings, and unknown florets are all flourishing and unrestrained, and even our floral skirts will be ashamed. They sway, fluctuate and flicker in the breeze, urging our budding hearts to open.
Guys, tread softly and softly, so as not to wake their beautiful Xia Meng. (7) Walking on the small riverbank, the poplars standing upright on both sides are like poems they wrote in summer.
The wide leaves are shining and politely casting cool shadows, like an endless corridor. We have a shrill voice: "A young boy seldom worries.
Looking at the four Xing Xing lanterns, I hope it will be so good forever ... The wind is chasing us, blowing away the long hair, fluttering at will, half-covering the face flushed with excitement, stirring the youthful mood and flying to the distant sky ... (9) Oh, a winding stream-a silver necklace around the village. Partners fly forward like a flying silver butterfly.
The floating aquatic plants in the river and the pebbles at the bottom of the river all shine with great attraction. We simply took off our shoes, barefoot, happily chasing and frolicking in the water, shouting and laughing loudly-we have no scruples.
Why are you worried? Since you like to do it, you can't let your feelings suffer. (10) We like this! (1 1) This is the charm of summer and the interest of nature.
(12) Suddenly, a wisp of delicate fragrance floated in, blending into the innocence and longing of the girl. Oh, it's the scent of clusters of wild flowers, and we close our eyes gently ... 17. In order to highlight the charm of summer, we compare it with winter and spring in many places. Please find out the different characteristics of the three seasons in the text.
(Capture key words to answer) (6 points) Winter: Spring: Summer: 18. What scenery does the article describe in summer? What thoughts and feelings did the author express? (4 points) 19. The language of this article is very distinctive. Please choose an example in the underlined sentence of the article as a language appreciation note. You can appreciate its characteristics in terms of words, sentence patterns and techniques. )
(4 points) Remarks: 20. (10) What exactly does "like this" mean in paragraph "We like this"? From the way people are happy in summer, we naturally think of a famous article about Xiangzi's misery in the hot summer sun and heavy rain. Which famous book and author did this famous article come from? (4 points) 2 1. In paragraph (6) and the following paragraphs of Zhu Ziqing's article Spring, metaphors, personification and parallelism are used to describe the richness, richness and beauty of flowers from three aspects: shape, color and state. In addition, can you distinguish the differences between these two paragraphs in writing objects and techniques? (6 points) Peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees are all in full bloom, and you won't let me or I won't let you. Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay and white is like snow.
Flowers are sweet; When I closed my eyes, the tree seemed to be covered with peaches, Xinger and pears. Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers, and butterflies of different sizes are flying around.
Wildflowers are everywhere: miscellaneous, named and unnamed, scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, still flashing. 17. Winter is solemn and long, and it is flat and tasteless without green; (2 points) Spring is shy and short, only a touch of green is stingy; (2 points) Summer is hot and sincere, generous and green.
(2 points) 18. Grass, wildflowers, poplars and streams. (2 points) Love summer and embrace nature.
(2 points) 19. Example (1): Paragraph (7) describes poplars standing upright on both sides, and vividly writes their poetic ideas from different angles with two appropriate metaphors of "poetic lines" and "promenade", which reproduces the charm and interest of summer. Example (2): The word "flash" in paragraph (9) is very dynamic and used properly, which coincides with the "river" in front and the "scenic spot" behind.
There are many answers, which can be appreciated from the wording, sentence making and techniques. Select the example 1 and analyze 3 ***4. )
20. We simply took off our shoes, barefoot, happily chasing and frolicking in the water, shouting and laughing loudly (2 points). (2 points) 2 1. Paragraph (6) of this article is about summer flowers. (1) Compared with flowers, floral skirts highlight the colorful beauty of summer flowers. (2 points) Zhu Ziqing's Spring is about spring flowers. (1 min) It is a gratifying sight to write the fruit of a flower on a tree with imagination. Use bees and butterflies to set off the sweetness and business of spring flowers.
(2 points) (If the answer is multiple, it makes sense, and if you write a little in spring, you can get 2 points).
7. The temptation to look at the answer of asphalt lake is related to the contextual explanation. (2 points)
World-famous: (known to the world)
A wave of unrest rises again and again
2. Fill in the appropriate related words in () of the text.
The former is a progressive relationship, and you can use "not only that, but also ok". The latter is a turning point, and you can use "although, but"
3. Fill in the blanks according to the content of the article. (5 points)
A large number of animals are buried in asphalt lakes every year. Birds are because they want to eat fish.
My foot is stuck in asphalt and I can't move. The fox was trapped by asphalt because he wanted to eat birds. Hyenas and wolves are stuck with asphalt because they want to eat foxes. Leopard, tiger and lion all died in the asphalt lake because they wanted to eat the prey in the asphalt lake. Many animals died in asphalt lake because of food.
4. "... many of them are as deadly as asphalt lake. "Where is the temptation of this sentence? For example, if you were faced with such a fatal temptation, what would you do? Of food, refuse temptation, because there is no such thing as a free lunch.