Although pistachio is barren, drought-resistant, cold-resistant and adaptable, it is best to choose loam and sandy loam plots with deep soil layer and good ventilation in production. Because pistachios are easily affected by late frost, we should pay attention to choosing the middle part of hillside, open land, valley and south hillside to build gardens, not on the windward side of the main wind direction.
Second, seedling planting
The spacing between pistachios should be 3m× 4m or 4m× 5m, and 33~55 plants should be planted per mu. The close planting garden can plant 83 ~11plant per mu, and both finished seedlings and sprouts can be used for fixed planting. Before planting, dig a planting pit with a depth of 60 cm and a diameter of 60 cm. When planting, the roots should be flush with the ground, stabilize the soil while planting, and then water and irrigate.
Iii. fertilizer and water management 1. Scientifically fertilizing young trees, apply base fertilizer 1 time a year, and fertilize about 20 kg per plant. The fruiting period is 2~3 years 1 time. Fertilization is generally divided into three times a year, and the first time should be in early spring or autumn and winter, mainly with available nitrogen fertilizer. The second time, during the fruit expansion period, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer were mainly applied. The third time, after the fruit is harvested, compost, manure and other organic fertilizers are mainly used, usually combined with deep ploughing in autumn. 2. Irrigation in time before winter irrigation is better.
Fourth, plastic trimming.
Pistachio nuts like light and have strong dryness. In high-density cultivation orchards, free spindles are the main species, while in low-density cultivation orchards, natural pistachios are the main species.
Free spindle shape: characterized by the central trunk, 10~ 15 main branches are scattered in different parts of the central trunk, and the main branches keep 80~90 degrees with the trunk, and small and medium-sized fruit branches are directly planted on the main branches.
Natural happiness: the main feature is good ventilation and light transmission, and the stem height is about 40~50 cm. 3 ~ 4 main branches are selected from the trunk, and the base angle is 45~75 degrees, and 2 ~ 4 side branches are arranged on the side branches.
Pistachio branches are thick, and the principle of pruning is more thinning and less cutting. Pistacia vera mainly bears short fruit branches, and young trees and fruit trees grow vigorously in the early stage of fruit production, with more medium-long fruit branches. Generally, when the new shoots grow to 50~60 cm, they should be picked in time to promote the development of secondary branches, increase fruit branches, keep back branches and upright branches, and twist branches in time, which can generally take shape in the winter of the second year after planting.
Five, flower and fruit management 1. Strengthen the comprehensive management of orchard (that is, soil, fertilizer and water management) to enhance the tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation and apply more organic fertilizer. 2. Rational allocation of pollination trees. Pistachios are not self-flowering. Generally, 1 row pollination varieties are arranged every two rows, which creates conditions for normal pollination of pistachio and is conducive to improving fruit setting rate.