Moshi Manor is a typical closed brick-wood structure complex in the south of the Yangtze River, with compact layout and exquisite design. The manor covers an area of 4,800 square meters and has more than 70 houses. The overall structure is composed of three groups and four entrances, symmetrical left and right, staggered back and forth, following the system of ancient buildings sitting north facing south, facing the river along the street, with the front hall and the back bedroom. On the east, middle and west axes, from south to north are the main hall, ancestral hall, counting house, flower hall, Buddhist temple and kitchen in turn; Car hall, main hall, retreat hall and hall (including bedroom and women's hall); Study, bedroom, etc.
Mozhuang three gardens are scattered in the meantime, and the boxing stones scoop water, moving the sky and shrinking the ground. Flowers and trees, pools, winding paths and lake stones are all small scenes, picturesque and pleasing to the eye. Each single building adopts bucket-piercing and hanging beam-frame structure respectively, with beautifully carved beam eaves and gorgeous hanging in front of the gallery, decorated with exquisite wood carvings and brick carvings. The design is ingenious and set each other off, showing the beauty of ancient architecture in China.
In terms of furnishings, Moshi Manor integrates furniture, calligraphy and painting, utensils and antiques in one furnace, which embodies the essence of Jiangnan culture. The manor has obvious trends and streamline. The spatial orientation of the manor facing south and facing the river along the street meets the site selection requirements of ancient Chinese residential buildings. The main entrance is located in the southeast of the manor, that is, in the gossip lane, that is, in the direction of Qinglong and Suzaku. It is a physical example of the geomantic house in Jiangnan, with the gate of Kanzhai as the background. There are three flat-bottomed bucket arches in the workshop, with seven in three rooms, with a total width of 12.20m and a bay width of 4.70m, which are used for the access of the host and distinguished guests. There are six black painted doors in the middle, each with vertical 16 and horizontal 140 doornails, totaling13,000 * *, which is extraordinary. There is a pair of secret doors built in the Ming Dynasty. There is a couplet on the door saying, "There must be a good Samaritan. When you help the public security, Kun will come." Etiquette cards erected on both sides were set up by Mo Yu 190 1 year (the 27th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty) after "following the rules, joining the virtuous officials, and filling Jiangsu Zhili government with posts". With a width of 3.75 meters, it is a place where ordinary people go in and out, and it is also a place where Mo's family and their children study.
The roofs of ancient buildings in China are rich in content and diverse in forms, and are known as the "fifth facade". The decoration of the roof of the Moshi Manor complex also followed the ancient system without exception. Roofs with upturned cornices, dragon kisses on the roofs of instrument doors, sedan chairs, main halls and halls, carp yue longmen, double lions playing with balls, dragons and phoenixes appearing auspicious, bangs playing with golden toads, immortals leading the way on the rest mountain, lions, horses and other crouching animals, all with different postures, are like a masterpiece of ink and wash against the vast blue sky. The three gardens dotted in the middle constitute the trend of east, front and back, and are famous for their exquisiteness and ethereal spirit. There is no formula, adjust measures to local conditions and win by artistic conception and competition. Looking at the layout of the garden as a whole, the stone is the bone, the pool is the blood, the flowers and trees are the clothes, and the bamboo shoots and stones stand against the wall, which follow the trend and each has its place. All kinds of rock sketches, such as stone lions looking back, dogs swallowing the sun, eagles peeping into the pool, roosters announcing the dawn, etc. Are between similarity and dissimilarity. Clusters of plantains and a few quiet bouquets constitute the unique exquisite and elegant style of Jiangnan.
Throughout the manor, exquisite beam eaves components, colorful porch pendants, exquisite brick carvings, roof sculptures and so on abound. The buildings are orderly, patchwork and natural, showing the beauty of ancient architecture in China. Its complete garden architecture, typical architectural artistic style and rich physical display of furniture left over from the Qing Dynasty have won unanimous praise and praise from experts and scholars at home and abroad. Just as Mr. Chen Congzhou, an expert in ancient architecture, said: Pinghu Mohs Manor has the characteristics of Jiangnan folk houses, small and exquisite, compact layout, and it is one of the few in Jiangnan and even the whole country. The gate of the manor faces south, facing the street and facing the river, and is located in the southeast corner of the whole manor, which is in line with the tradition that the gate of ancient buildings violates the central axis. There is an entrance-style cross door along the street, with colorful sculptures of double phoenix and rising sun piled on the roof, and a flat bucket arch on the roof. The six black lacquered solid wood couches in the middle are about 2 inches thick, and each door is nailed 16 in the longitudinal direction and 140 in the transverse direction, totaling more than 13000, which is extraordinary.
Yimen
Instrument door, also known as plug door or second door and door. It is a water mill brick carving gatehouse with exquisite craftsmanship. Ang, sinus arch, etc. They are all made of blue bricks and connected by brick tenons. Skilled. On the left and right door covers, the basic characters of "De and Jin Lou Chui" are engraved, and on the belly pocket, four bats (symbols) are engraved, symbolizing the elegant and elegant four gentlemen of Meiju, as well as the stories of "Liu Guan and Zhang Taoyuan became sworn friends" and "Guan Yu hung seals and sealed gold". The bricks are engraved with three stars: symbol, Lu, Shou and Dark Eight Immortals. In front of the door, there are a pair of drum-hugging stone carvings and three lion balls. Two nanmu doors painted black and a 70 cm high threshold suggest the prominent family background of Mo family. The door of the instrument is not opened at ordinary times, and it is only opened when there are important etiquette activities at home or guests visit to show respect.
Bajiaomen
In the design and application of doors and windows, Moshi Manor adopts various techniques, combining with the different environment and architectural functions, and adopts different forms of expression to set off the atmosphere. The door and window structure of the west study room is different from other single buildings. It is mainly octagonal and looks relaxed and elegant. There are lattices on doors and windows to increase the level, and glass is widely used to improve the lighting effect of the study.
Lattice round door
The main entrance of the East Flower Hall is different from that of other single buildings in Mo Manor. It is a circular main line, supplemented by exquisite and dexterous hexagonal lattice, creating an elegant and lively atmosphere. Its dexterous form adds a lot of aura to the building.
Nan wood door
The instrument door is made of superior nanmu. Although it has gone through three centuries of wind and rain, it has not changed its old appearance. The threshold is about 70 cm high, symbolizing the prominent family background of Mo family. screen door
The screen door is located in the lobby of the main entrance (that is, between the wall doors), opposite the street outside the main entrance (Nanhetou). It can be closed or opened. Its function can not only block passers-by from looking inward, but also inhibit the whole building system before promoting it. After crossing the screen door, it gives people a feeling of being suddenly enlightened. There is a couplet in the book on the screen door, saying: There must be a good family, and if you help the public, you will be rich and then Kun.
folding door
Folding door is another special door system in Mo Manor, which appears in many single buildings, such as two side doors connected by the veranda in the hall. In addition, we can also see the form of folding doors in the flower room. The folding door in the picture is an example of a greenhouse. Making full use of space effectively and skillfully, and showing the rationality of its use, is a major feature of folding doors. porch
The wall concierge is also called the entrance hall, and Guangsan has three rooms. The room in the middle is called the Ming room, with a width of 10 foot and a width of 3 feet for the host and distinguished guests to enter and leave. Built-in secret door, there is a couplet saying: If you accumulate good, there will be Qing Yu, and if you give to the public, there will be a reward. The etiquette cards erected on both sides were set by Mo (190 1) in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1856 ~ 19 15) to show off his power. The left and right rooms in the foyer are places where ordinary people go in and out, and they are also called Mojiamen rooms, which are called East-West School.
Jiao Ting
Sedan chair hall is the first building on the central axis of Mohs Manor. It is the place where the host welcomes the guests off and stops to prepare tea, so it is also called the tea hall. The green wool sedan chair displayed in the hall is the official sedan chair of Sanpin Pass, and the other rattan sedan chair is a portable sedan chair. There is the word "Yang Wen Hong Xi" on the black tile white wall in the north of the yard. This wall is usually called shadow wall or shadow wall. It was also called a screen in ancient times. Because it stood opposite the main hall, the guests crossed the wall and began to greet the host to show their respect. In ancient China, Xiao and Su were interlinked, so the Great Wall was also called Xiao Qiang.
audience hall
The main hall is the main building of the whole manor, named Chunhui Hall. It is the handwriting of Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, and it is also the place where the host holds discussions, ceremonies, banquets for guests and family ceremonies. The main hall system is high and wide, and the roof is decorated with double lion balls. It is made in a transparent way, with a width of three feet and eight feet, a flat arch roof, a crane neck porch in front of the hall, and twenty floor-to-ceiling windows with a height of more than ten feet across the whole bay. The woodcut patterns on the hall and skirt board are implicit and contain rich cultural connotations. The whole hall furniture is made of top grade rosewood, which is extraordinary and can be called the best.
corridor
Passing through the hall, also called the withdrawal hall, is a half-pavilion, which is actually a part of the main hall, and there is a screen door between it and the main hall. The roofs of ancient buildings in China usually include hard roofs, suspended roofs, rest hilltops and temple roofs. And the roof across the hall is more decorative to rest on the top of the mountain. There are dragons and phoenixes piled on the main ridge, and immortals guide the way on the ridge, and dragons, phoenixes, lions, horses and other lying animals are painted with patterns such as the Dark Eight Immortals. There are two wooden lions hanging in front of the hall, which are amazingly carved.
The women's guild hall, commonly known as the guild hall, is also known as Yunpu Caotang. It is located at the last entrance of the central axis and is a two-story building. Upstairs is the bedroom area, where the family lives; Downstairs is the place where Mo clan people receive and entertain female guests, and the complete set of beech furniture in the hall creates a leisurely and gentle atmosphere. Putting the women's hall at the end reflects the feudal ethics that women's status is low, men and women are different inside and outside, and women are inferior.
The living room of a large house built between gardens or courtyards.
The studio is located on the east axis, so it is commonly known as the East Studio. It's similar to inviting friends to gather friends in the guest room. The center is a floor-to-ceiling round door with hexagonal tenon, exquisite workmanship and unique shape. Indoor full set of assorted marble back screen mahogany furniture looks fresh and elegant. In the 1920s, Mo (Mo's second son) and Mo's fourth son) invited local dignitaries, gentry and scribes to set up a poetry bell meeting here, and often recited poems on schedule. study
The study is located between the west axis and the front and back gardens, so it is also called the west study. The owner of the study is Mo Zhong Tao, the second son of Mo Mei Fang. The whole study is divided into two parts by an antique bookshelf. In the south, there are places for reading, poetry and painting, and the case is filled with pen, ink, paper and inkstone. In the north, it is a place for literati to enjoy tea and play chess and piano. There is a garden before and after, the scenery is quiet and pleasant, the birds are singing and the flowers are fragrant, and the interest is full.
accountant
The Mo family owns more than 6 100 mu of fertile land in Pinghu and its surrounding areas, wood shops in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places, rice shops, money houses, cloth shops, cocoon shops and other industries, as well as real estate near Hangzhou West Lake. According to Pinghu County Records, at that time, the average rent of grain per mu was about one stone, which shows that the amount of rent rice collected by the Mohs family every year is quite amazing. In order to manage these assets, the Mo family set up a special financial office in the manor, which was responsible for collecting rent and managing money, calling themselves a bunch of good politicians. There are also various buckets, hooves, steel scales and imported cast iron safes on display in the accounting room.
kitchen
The Mo family has four kitchens, one for each son. The kitchen on the east axis we see now originally belonged to the second young master Mo Zhongtao, and the other three kitchens were demolished in the 1960s. The kitchen stove is a painted three-eye seven-star stove with Jiangnan folk characteristics. The kitchen also displays kitchen supplies such as stone mills, water tanks and suitcases. ancestral temple
According to the ancient system of Zuo Zu You She, the Moshi Ancestral Hall was built at the northern end of the main hall on the left central axis of the manor. It's a place where Mohs sacrificed their ancestors and remembered them. The ancestral hall is a single room with a shrine on the wall, which is used to worship the memorial tablet of Mo ancestors, such as the coffin of the imperial doctor. It embodies the ethical and moral values of chasing fate and remembering ancestors in feudal times.
niche for an image/a statue of Buddha
The Buddhist temple is located at the northwest end of the east axis of the manor, and its owner is Mo's eldest son. Mo Mengtao (1877- 1932) believed in Buddhism in his later years, and his name was like a layman. After Ive's age, ... he fled to Samoti and converted to the director of Guanzong Temple in Ningbo. Later, he entered the Shanghai Buddhist Association, attended classes in the morning and evening, and meditated and recited Buddhism in order to be detached. In the Buddhist temple, people can also see the wooden fish used by Mo Jushi when chanting.
Chunhuitang
The main hall is the main building of the whole manor, named Chunhui Hall. It is the handwriting of Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, and it is also the place where the host holds discussions, ceremonies, banquets for guests and family ceremonies. The main hall system is high and wide, and the roof is decorated with double lion balls. It is made in a transparent way, with a width of three feet and eight feet, a flat arch roof, a crane neck porch in front of the hall, and twenty floor-to-ceiling windows with a height of more than ten feet across the whole bay. The woodcut patterns on the hall and skirt board are implicit and contain rich cultural connotations. The whole hall furniture is made of top grade rosewood, which is extraordinary and can be called the best.
Yun pu Cao Tang
The women's guild hall, commonly known as the guild hall, is also known as Yunpu Caotang. It is located at the last entrance of the central axis and is a two-story building. Upstairs is the bedroom area, where the family lives; Downstairs is the place where Mo clan people receive and entertain female guests, and the complete set of beech furniture in the hall creates a leisurely and gentle atmosphere. Putting the women's hall at the end reflects the feudal ethics that women's status is low, men and women are different inside and outside, and women are inferior. Telephone room
At the southern end of the east axis of Mo's manor, next to the tent room, there is a small pavilion with an old telephone hanging on the wall. This is Mo's telephone room. According to Pinghu County Records, in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), there was a telegraph office in Pinghu. 19 18 set up an electric power enterprise with electricity; 19 19 Pinghu established private Yongtong telephone co., ltd. and began to talk on the phone.
room
Mo ge Shi ju Shi
Mo Ge, Mo's wife, has three bedrooms, which are located on the upper floor of the East Axis greenhouse. Moge's family is the eldest daughter of Ge Yushan, a noble family in Pinghu, and is honored as Hualing, four products and two products, and a family doctor. She was born in the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858) and died in 1922.
Chen Wei, Mrs. Qin Wei. Four sons were born: Wen Kan (Mo), Wen Yi (Mo), Wen Jun (Mo) and Wen Qi (Mo Jiping).
Moji apartment
Mo Jiping, the son of Mo (1887- 1968), whose real name is Qiong Lu, an old guest of Liangyuan, graduated from Zhejiang University of Political Science and Law. He is good at calligraphy, likes Kunqu opera, and has a collection of poems, Qionglu Poetry. He married Shen Shi and had four sons and one daughter. 1925 In the northeast corner of the manor, a two-story and three-bedroom single-family house was built, named Qionglu, commonly known as the East Third Floor. Upstairs is the bedroom area, and downstairs is the study and living room.
Mo Meng Tao ju Shi
Mo Meifang has four sons and no daughter. In the order of Meng, Zhong, Shu and Ji. His eldest son Mo's bedroom is located in the east of Yunpu Caotang, which is the last entrance to the manor.
Mo (1877 ~ 1932), whose real name is Yi 'an, studied medicine under Mr. Lai from Zhujiajiao and served as the president of pinghu city Chinese Medicine Association. He is good at Kunqu opera and pipa, and is quite famous in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In his later years, he believed in Buddhism and became famous as a layman. There is a Buddhist temple at the northwest end of the flower hall. Wife Tan Shi, concubine Wang Shi, has a son and three daughters.
Mo Zhongji's bedroom
Mo Zhongji, thousands of miles away, is the grandson of Mo and the eldest son of Mo. His bedroom is located on the north side of the garden behind the west axis. Born in Xuantongyuan Year of Qing Dynasty (1909) and died in 1969. I graduated from Zhichuan Middle School in pinghu city, mainly engaged in field work, and like to grow flowers. His wife is very young, just like him.
Zhao's eldest daughter graduated from Shanghai Wuben Girls' School and gave birth to four sons and two daughters.
Mo zhong Tao ju Shi
Mo's second son, Mo, lives in the south building of the West Axis. The front hall is the bedroom, and the suite in the north is a place for family or friends to have tea and relax. Furniture such as beds and cabinets are made of mahogany. Mo Zhongtao (1880 ~ 1960), whose real name is Lin Wen, was named semi-deaf Shan Weng. Marry a wife, Zhong. After Zhong died, he married Cheng. There are two sons and two daughters. Zhong Tao is good at poetry and painting, especially at seal cutting. Smoking opium in his spare time is also one of his hobbies. In addition to his main business in this field, Mo Zhongtao also runs banks and rice shops.
Mo Gigi Lai ju Shi
This is the bedroom of Mo Zikai (1911~1985), the grandson and son of Mo, located in the back building of the West Axis. Mo Zikai graduated from the Agricultural Department of Zhejiang University. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he cooperated with Japanese businessman * * * to operate Hengshan Foreign Firm. 1945165438+10 served as the mayor of yongfeng town, Pinghu county. 1946 65438+ 10 After the merger of Yongfeng and No.7 Hospital into Danghu Town, Mo Zikai was promoted to the mayor of the merged Danghu Town.
Mo Yi Shu ju Shi
This is Mo Sanzi Mo's bedroom, located on the west side of Yunpu Caotang, the last entrance of the manor. The room on the left is the living room, and the room on the right is the bedroom. Mo (1884 ~ 197 1) is a famous writer. China students, Dai Lanling, China Books. Married Yu Yong, the second daughter of Yu Yongqing, a five-title candidate in the same city, and gave birth to a son and three daughters. Besides agriculture, Mo Yi Shu also runs money houses, cocoon shops and rice shops.
Servant's room
There used to be ten people living in Morse Manor for three generations. Therefore, there are many servants in the Mo family, some go out early and return late, and some stay in the manor. The servants who live in the upper floor of the East Axis accounting room mainly serve the old lady, and the servants who live in the northwest corner of the manor mainly serve the young master and young lady of the Mo family. Donghuayuan
East Garden is located in the east of the manor and south of Qionglu Road. This garden was rebuilt by 199 1, except for the wind and fire wall, which is different from before. After the transformation, it was named Yingshan to show its smallness. The half-corridor and half-pavilion in the park were restored on 200 1 after being recalled by later generations of Mo, and the components used in the restoration were all collected from old things in the late Qing Dynasty.
Qianhuayuan
The front garden is located on the west axis, at the southern end of the study. In the meantime, rockeries with lakes and rocks are scattered, and animals and stones such as chickens, dogs, eagles and lions have different shapes, winning with a spirit likeness; The side wall is surrounded by a pool, and a cluster of secluded trees, a corner of a osmanthus tree and a plum blossom are planted beside the pool. Bamboo shoots and stones are arranged in front of the wall, which is small and exquisite and has a unique flavor. The elegance of the first residential building in the south of the Yangtze River and the beauty of Wuzhong Garden can be perfectly combined here, giving people the aesthetic feeling of seeing the big and seeing the small.
back garden
The back garden is located at the back of the West Axis study, next to the curved corridor named Qingfeng Mingyue Gallery. There is a Yang Wen brick carving plaque in the garden, named "Nianhua", which is quite Zen. A stone mountain in the garden divides the space into a convex shape. Along this turning point, a curved corridor is placed under it, which can lead to a secluded place. You can lean against the building and watch the sunset. Cinnamon and boxwood are planted in the mountains, wintersweet and plantain are planted in the walls, and Ficus pumila in Gu Teng climbs along them. Being in it, the scene is separated and the soul is purified, and you can feel the joy of harmony between man and nature.