Feng shui, called "Feng Shui" in ancient times. Feng shui has a long history. In ancient times, geomantic omen prevailed in the cultural circle of China, and it was a very important factor in food, clothing, housing and transportation. Many documents related to Feng Shui have been preserved. According to documents, ancient geomantic omen was mostly used in the site selection of towns and villages, as well as the construction of palaces, and later developed to find funeral terrain. "Benedict gong liu, both pu is long. Since the scenery is a mountain, look at its yin and yang and its flowing spring. Its army has three orders, which is the original. Tear the field for food and spend its sunset. Live in the wilderness. " This is a chapter in the Book of Songs, which tells the story of Gong Liu, the ancestor of Zhou people, who tasted water, watched the yin and yang of mountains and rivers, chose the outside of the house, co-managed the fields with the military and civilians, and planted crops together. The buildings on the hillside are adjacent to loquat, and the harvest in the field is in sight, which is a leisurely pastoral scenery. This shows that at least in the Zhou Dynasty, Xiangtu had a necessary and feasible test plan. In the Han dynasty, the theory of field investigation of geographical feng shui was initially formed. As a research object, Feng Shui has research value from the perspective of folklore and architecture. Unfortunately, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, after the emergence of different schools of Taiji, it gradually developed into several folk belief industries with different blunt skills.
Architectural geomantic omen
Geomantic omen was originally based on the influence of environment on architecture. Architectural geomantic omen (environmental impact) comes from royal court buildings. A set of geomantic omen system (written code of environmental impact) was established, represented by royal architects in ancient feudal society of China. Unfortunately, nowadays, due to the system passed down from generation to generation by the royal architects in China, geomantic omen has not been widely recognized in China, so people who know geomantic omen rarely survive in the world, and geomantic omen is facing the dilemma of being lost. Geomantic omen in architecture is to conform to nature, strive to integrate architecture with nature and beautify the overall environment. Moreover, building layout according to natural conditions, including lighting, ventilation, framing, etc., can make residents more comfortable and pursue the return of the living environment to the natural state.
Believe in feng shui
Geomantic omen began to be associated with folk witchcraft in Qin and Han dynasties, which was related to the fate, divination and phase of the five arts. It is also said that it basically constitutes the divinatory symbols derived from the Book of Changes, which are divided into folk beliefs such as keeping the well and the kitchen, and keeping the house in the shade. Its main schools are trichotomy, trichotomy and nine planets method. The word Feng Shui was first seen in Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty: "Qi dispels by the wind, and the boundary water stops. The ancients gathered to make it last forever, and the deeds stopped, so it was called Feng Shui. " The theoretical background of folk belief The main theory of "folk belief in Feng Shui" is based on the traditional theory of Yin and Yang. They borrowed from the earliest Confucian classic Zhouyi in China, which was full of philosophical thoughts, and joined Taoism (advocating the unity of form and spirit, keeping form with spirit and nourishing spirit with form), Buddhism (advocating karma and reincarnation), witchcraft (advocating the influence of gods on people's luck) and astrology (advocating the influence of stars on people), which promoted the development of Feng Shui. Everything originates from heaven and earth, that is, people and all living things are the products of the interaction between heaven and earth. "Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments, two instruments give birth to four elephants, four elephants give birth to eight diagrams, and eight diagrams overlap into sixty-four hexagrams". Taiji is the primitive state, two instruments are heaven and earth, and four images are the weather of the four seasons; It is called the sun (long sunshine is like summer), the moon (short sunshine is like winter), less sunshine and less yin, and gossip are eight directions, which come from the simple philosophy of the Book of Changes, that is, everything in the universe has the same information, the same procedure and the corresponding rhythm. The unified field of the universe. This is the unity of heaven, earth and people. To put it simply, the theory of geomantic omen is mainly based on the theory of the rise and fall of Yin and Yang in metaphysics, with the help of heaven (universe, sun, etc.). ) and the earth (earth, geographical environment) and people (where people live and bury) and time (the rise and fall of heaven and earth, the birth and death of everything). Unfortunately, it was later rigidly matched by alchemists with various so-called five-element coping strategies, forming a folk belief of praying for good luck.
kind
Mainly divided into Yang Zhai Feng Shui and Yin Zhai Feng Shui: Yang Zhai Feng Shui aims at strangers' houses or office buildings. In addition to the house, the selection factors that need to be paid attention to include the street and drainage outside the house, the position of the door, the moving line inside the house, the placement of the gods, the position of the kitchen stove, the office chair and so on. Generally speaking, it refers to the unit inspection of buildings with more than three floors, which is called Yang Zhai Feng Shui. Of course, there are a few exceptions, because of rare geographical factors, involving the abstruse geomantic principles of the yin house. Yang Zhai Feng Shui is only related to the rise and fall of a family. The choice of geomantic omen in the yin house aims at the burial place of the deceased relatives. The selection essentials include the direction of mountains, the direction of water flow, acupoints, and the depth of coffin burial. Moreover, it is necessary to strictly choose the date to match the eight characters of ancestors and descendants, as well as the stars in the sky, the head of the underground and all the factors with acupuncture points. Most of the secrets are not known to ordinary people, and most of them have been passed on to disciples through oral communication since ancient times, even though the father-son relationship has not been formally worshipped. Just because the true geomantic omen of the yin house is good or bad, it has the power to influence the rise and fall of a clan and its descendants. Only those who know how to investigate the geomantic omen of the Yin House can be regarded as real geomantic gentlemen, surveyors or "geographers". If Feng Shui does not add environmental philosophy, environmental economics, architectural environmental landscape methods, ecological restoration technology and environmental ecological science, it will be a liar's paradise.
Astronomy, geography and humanities are the three scientific pillars of Feng Shui in China. The unity of heaven and earth is the highest principle of China's geomantic omen. Ancient scientists in China looked up at astronomy and down at geography, and everything was near and everything was far away. After five thousand years of practice, research, induction and understanding, they formed the world-famous oriental science-China Feng Shui. According to China's ancient scientific and technological theory, everything in the universe consists of three parts: qi, number and image. According to the viewpoint of modern science, they are: energy, information and situation or form. The three are inseparable and clearly defined. Qi, as an objective existence, can be assumed as energy according to modern scientific viewpoint. Number is the program or logic of everything in the universe, which can be assumed as information according to the viewpoint of modern science. Like the shape or changing trend of qi according to the number. In modern science, it can be summarized as follows: image is the situation that energy exists according to information program. Everything in the universe has information, energy and their existence; Similarly, if there is energy, there must be information and situation, and if there is situation, there must be information as the instruction and energy as the basis. The existence of everything in the universe is the inseparability of qi, number and image, and it is real and concrete. Information "number" directs energy "Qi" to exist according to a certain situation, and energy "Qi" forms a certain existing situation "image" according to the instruction of "number", which is guided by information "number" and based on energy "Qi".
Number, qi and image are information, energy and posture, that is, the god of harmony between man and nature. Western philosophy is called the "noumenon" of all things in the universe, and it is also a function. Copula, the Book of Changes, said, "God is easy to die without Tao.". The ancient prose of "Fang", also called "Fang", is in this direction. Without square, there is no place, no place and no place. Essence, Qi and Spirit in the Book of Changes and Buddhist Scriptures. Confucius said: "essence is a thing, wandering souls are changing." A wandering soul is a god, a form. In essence, the ancient sages in China were also called Xuan, Tao, Yuan, Yi and Shui. It is called sperm because human information comes from father's sperm and mother's egg. It is called Xuan because information is difficult to observe (Huai Xuan, Xuan is unpredictable, Xuan is indescribable); Praise is because information determines the only way for the biochemistry of all things in the universe; It is called yuan because information is at the beginning of the tangible universe; One is called one because one is the beginning of natural numbers, "Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything" (embrace one, keep one, return to one, be true one and be too one); It is called water because life on earth originated from water. According to China's ancient scientific and technological theory, "Li" is the principle of studying the change, change and invariability of numbers, qi and images. The principle is the form of energy existence recognized by human beings, referred to as conformation or energy field for short. Tangible and metaphysical. There are two research methods: one is deductive reasoning, which western science relies on; First, China and Oriental science and technology come from analogy and induction. Deductive reasoning is suitable for a limited mathematical range, while analogical induction is suitable for an infinite mathematical range. People know qi and number through images, which are different from "nothing" and "being". There is an objective existence, which can be perceived through human senses or with the help of instruments; On the other hand, it is useless. However, it is impossible to express its image in words. The objective existence is unchangeable or unchangeable. The Book of Changes says, "Meaning is endless, words are endless, and books are endless." The objective existence that can express its image in words is called specialization. Laozi said: "Tao can be Tao, not surprising;" The name can be named. It's very famous. "All specific Tao, name, qi and number are specialized. Therefore, China's sages believed that matter was a relatively stable and specialized form of energy (qi). Modern high-energy physics proves that matter and energy are mutually transformed. At first, the universe only had energy, that is, gas, and no matter. The universe, including the solar system, is made of gas. The "Qi" that generates the universe is considered by modern science to originate from black holes, and China's ancient scientific and technological theory calls it infinite inaction. " Qi can be called "ether" here, because matter is completely flowing at first, without hardness, discontinuity and termination, and cannot be divided into two. This is the thinnest object that people ever imagined. "The' ether' in natural science can only exist as an imaginary medium to convey the interaction between matter and matter. It seems that "ether" and physical object are isolated, but Zhang Zai and Wang Fuzhi believe that "qi" and "shape" are mutually transformed. So their "Qi" is closer to the field in modern science than the ether. Westerners exclaim, "My God! ",is" my god ". China people shouted "My God! China's ancient ancestors did not artificially create a "god" like westerners. They think that the things that dominate heaven, earth, man and everything are heaven, air and field, the spirit of the universe or the weather, that is, the laws of the universe. From this, everything in the sky and underground is "earthly". There is the Jade Emperor in the sky and the Yan Emperor in the ground. Heaven and earth are integrated, holographic. That is, there is something in the sky, there must be something on the ground, and it is the same underground. The whole universe consists of energy (gas), information (numbers) and situation (images). Based on this understanding, it is not difficult to understand that Feng Shui in China originated from ancient astronomy, geography and humanities. China's geomantic omen, which integrates heaven, earth and people into a big system, has long been vilified and criticized. It is only in today's rapid development of science and technology that it is re-recognized and discovered. In the long-term study of ancient astronomy, geography and anthropology, that is, the laws of the development and change of heaven, earth and man, China Feng Shui gradually formed a complete set of theories about the laws of the universe, and on the basis of this theory, it summarized the characteristics of the universe into three aspects: the holographic nature of the universe; Helix of the universe; Yin and Yang of the universe. China's three principles of geomantic omen: the principle of integration of heaven and earth; Principle of balance between yin and yang; The principle of mutual generation and mutual resistance of the five elements.