Su Xun (1May 22, 2009—1May 22, 066, 2 1) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan). Writers of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with their sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are world-famous for their literature, known as the "Three Soviets" in the world, and both of them are included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Xun is good at prose, especially at political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous writing style. He wrote 20 volumes of Jia and 3 volumes of Interpretation of the Law, all of which were handed down to the world together with Biography of the History of Song Dynasty.
Character life:
Youth wandering
In the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1009), Su Xun was born in Yumeiren Meishan (now Meishan, Sichuan). When he was young, he had a hard time reading. Because his father is alive and has no burden to support his family, he is a bit like Ren Xia and Zhuang You in Li Bai and Du Fu's youth, and he has traveled widely.
In the ninth year of Northern Song Dynasty (10 16), Su Xun began to study, learn to break sentences and write poems, but gave up studying without learning.
In the sixth year of Tiansheng in Northern Song Dynasty (1027), Su Xun married the daughter of Meishan Dali Temple, at the age of 18.
In the sixth year of Tiansheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1028), Su Xun didn't study hard and idled all day, unaware of the sadness of life and death. Mrs. Cheng was a daughter since childhood, but she died before she was one year old.
In the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1029), Su Xun still didn't study hard, and his father "ignored".
In the eighth year of Tiansheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1030), Su Xun visited Chengdu. On the ninth day, he went to the Jade Bureau to see the portrait of Master Zhang of Qingcheng Mountain and put the jade ring on his body in exchange for keeping it at home. He began to burn incense and pray for a child every day, which was the first time to have a child in winter.
Read angrily.
In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1032), Su Xun's mother Shi died and was buried in the Su's ancestral grave in Andaoli, Xiuwen Township, meishan county. Su Xun said in Ouyang Neihan's book for the first time: "Teenagers don't learn, and they don't know how to study until they are twenty-five, so they swim from gentlemen." It's late now, and at first, his attitude was not very serious. With his cleverness, his generation is not necessarily better than himself, thinking that reading is not difficult. However, for the first time, he was unfortunately the last one. This failure made him reflect on himself, and then he took out hundreds of old books and read them carefully. He couldn't help sighing: "What I learned today is what I haven't learned yet!" In a rage, I burned these old manuscripts, and decided to take out The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Han Yuwen and reread them from the beginning, and continue to study the books that a hundred schools of thought contend and spread them all over the world. Sitting in the study every day, people study hard for six or seven years and swear not to write any articles, which is considered mature. At this time, Su Xun was 27 years old. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu set up an epitaph, and Zhang Li set up an epitaph. Both historical biographies say, "At the age of 27, I began to study angrily."
Give birth to a child, raise a child
In the second year of Ming Dow in the Northern Song Dynasty (1033), Lao Quan was twenty-five years old and could not read. Mrs. Cheng gave birth to a second daughter.
In the second year of Youjing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1035), Su Xun studied hard, aiming high. Mrs. Cheng gave birth to a girl, ranking eighth, so she was called "Eight Mothers" in ancient times.
I spent three years in the Northern Song Dynasty (1036), and I continued to study hard at home. Mrs. Cheng gave birth to her second son Su Shi. In the elder brother's house, the middle brother Su Xun has two sons and two daughters for Cao Guan in Kaifeng.
In the fourth year of Youjing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1037), Su Xun went to the capital to take the examination of Jinshi, but was not admitted. Eldest brother died at home because of illness.
Jing You was in the Northern Song Dynasty for five years (1038). The following year, Su Xun failed again, returned home and continued to study hard behind closed doors. The eldest son, Jing Xian, died at the age of eight.
Broaden the knowledge
In the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Su Xun studied hard at home, studying the gains and losses of chaos in ancient and modern times. Mrs. Cheng gave birth to her youngest son, Su Zhe. Su Xun went to Langzhou (now Langzhong County, Sichuan Province) to visit his brother Su Xun, who was an official there. He was very moved to see that his brother had made good achievements in local governance. Soon he left the Wuxia of Kuizhou, went downstream to Jingzhou (now Xiangyang County, Hubei Province), traveled around, made learned teachers and friends, and gained a lot of knowledge and life experience.
In the third year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1040), Su Xun studied hard for five or six years, and his second brother Su Xun was transferred from Kaifeng to Langzhou as a general.
Teach children to read.
In the second year of Li Qing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1042), Su Xun studied at home, studied the gains and losses of chaos control in ancient and modern times, and taught Su Shi to read. Su Xun's sister died of illness that year.
In the third year of Northern Song Dynasty (1043), Su Xun sent Su Shi to Tianqingguan Arctic Academy Primary School to study under Taoist Zhang.
In the fifth year of Northern Song Dynasty (1045), Su Xun studied at home and taught Su Shi. That year, I left home to study abroad, went to history from Meizhou, visited Mount Emei, and then went downstream from Wuxia in Kuizhou to prepare for Beijing. Mrs. Cheng is tutoring Supang.
From the seventh year of Li Qing in the Northern Song Dynasty to the second year of Hehe (1047 to 1055), Su Xun continued to study at home, studying the gains and losses of chaos control in ancient and modern times and teaching Su Shi and Su Zhe to study. During this year, Ba Nian, a young girl from Su Xun, was abused at her uncle's home. Su Shi's cousin, Ba Nian's husband, helped her abuse and died of grief. Su Shi and Cheng Yun of Su Xun also traveled many times and made friends with Chengdu official Zhang Ping, who recommended Su Xun to Ouyang Xiu, but failed.
Three trips to the Soviet Union to Beijing
In the early years of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1056), Su Xun took his second son to Beijing to catch the exam and met Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin. Ouyang Xiu appreciated his Lun Heng, Politics and Tactics, and thought it could be compared with Liu Xiang and Jia Yi, so he recommended Su Xun to the court. Officials and scholars scrambled to tell the story of Su Xun, and Su Xun's literary title was greatly improved. During my stay in Beijing, I met Master Bao Cong. "When I was in the capital, Pengzhou monk Bao Cong came for advice and was very diligent. When I arrived in Shu, I heard that he had come back from Beijing. At first, he thought he was a disciple. He lived in Jue Yuan Hospital for a long time. "
In the second year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1057), the second son tied the list in the exam and caused a sensation in Beijing.
In the third year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1058), Song Renzong called Su Xun to the Scheeren Hospital to take the exam, while Su Xun refused to believe him.
In the fourth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1059), Su Xun led his family down the Minjiang River by boat, out of the Three Gorges in the east, and went to Beijing by waterway to visit the Taoist temple in Fengdu Xiandu. It is said that this is the place where Yin Changsheng ascended to heaven and became an immortal. He wrote a poem entitled "Taoist Temple in Xiandu" to mourn this immortal.
In the fifth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1060), Su Xun served as the secretary of the provincial school, and later as the master book of Wen 'an County in Bazhou. Later, he cooperated with Yao Bi of Xiangcheng County (present-day Henan Province) to compile a book of rites such as Taichang Yin Ge Rites.
In the sixth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (106 1), in July, Su Xun was appointed as the secretary of the provincial examination school and the master book of Wen 'an County in Bazhou. That was the month when Su Xun was ordered to go to Liyuan and fellow initiate Yao Bi in Xiangcheng County, Chen Zhou. He is Yue Zhong's brother, Su Xun, who knows about Lianshui Army, but he doesn't mention the prison of Lizhou Road. Su Xun and his son are in the western suburbs. In August, Su Shi and Su Zhe took the senior high school entrance examination and the palace examination. In September, Su Shi was appointed judge of Dali, and Su Zhe was appointed secretary of the provincial school. In November, Su Shi bid farewell to his father and went to Fengxiang to take up his post.
In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1066), the compilation of Taichang Yin Ge Calendar was completed in March. Su Xun was seriously ill before he finished writing Yi Zhuan, so he ordered his son Su Shi to write Yi Zhuan. He died in the capital on April 25th at the age of 58. In June, Su Shi and Su Zhe left Beijing by official ship, and Su Shi's wife Wang Fuling's coffin also set off from Bian Jiang with the ship and arrived in Jiangling via Huaihe River. /kloc-went to Xiayanshui Road in October and February, and returned home in April of the following year. /kloc-in October, her second son was buried with his mother in honor of his father's life.
Major achievements:
essay
Su Xun's prose has distinct arguments, strong arguments, sharp language and strong persuasiveness. Ouyang Xiu praised him for his "excellent eloquence" and said that "going up and down, fast-forward and fast-out, must be built deep and then stop" ("Epitaph of the Soviet Union in the Lord's Book of Wen 'an County, Bazhou"); Ceng Gong also commented on his articles "Pointing at things, saying things with an introduction" and "Worry must not be chaotic, the boss must not flow" ("Mourning for Su Mingyun"), both of which are more pertinent. The artistic style is magnificent and varied. Some articles are also good at twists and turns. Su Xun also evaluated his works as "poet's softness, poet's simplicity, Meng Han's softness, moving and merging, Sun Wu's simplicity" in his book "Going to the Field with Dense Density". The language of his article is concise, concise and meaningful; But sometimes, he can be on a par with others, and he is especially good at making vivid and wonderful metaphors, such as "The Story of Brother Zhong Fu Ziwen", which uses geomantic omen as a metaphor and makes a natural description, which is an example.
The most prominent feature of Su Xun's prose is that its language is sharp and its words are out of date, which mercilessly exposes and lashes the darkness of the Northern Song Dynasty. But at the same time, in the process of analyzing the seriousness of the problem, Su Xun will skillfully turn the pen, dilute the pen, change the rhythm of the article, ease the tone of the article, and make people accept his sharpness and euphemism, which is mostly reflected in the articles criticizing the current shortcomings.
Su Xun's essays are mostly argumentative. According to Wang Shuizhao's New Notes on the Eight Classics of Tang and Song Dynasties, the ratio of Su Xun's argumentative essays to essays is six to one, and the ratio of words is ten to one. The former is about 70,000 words, while the latter is only 7,000 words. The argument must make the truth clear, so that there is no room for refutation. In order to meet this requirement, Su Xun publicly admitted his love for strategists in the Warring States period, saying, "I take the art, not the heart", that is, I learn from the eloquence of strategists, not from them. Strategists are often good at using extravagant techniques such as antithesis and parallelism, which makes the article magnificent, full of emotions and invincible, giving people a sense of heroism and strength, which is extremely inspiring. This feature is mainly reflected in the general discussion of social phenomena and historical phenomena, or articles that clarify personal views.
Su Xun is good at physics and resourceful. In his article, the argument is profound and thorough. What he said is something that no one has ever seen, but something that no one has ever said. On the other hand, he has a good command of language, and he expresses profound truth in simple language, and speaks clearly.
Su Xun's articles ranged from a few hundred words to more than a thousand words, but no matter how many articles he wrote, whether discussing politics or military strategists, discussing classics or discussing history, Su Xun carefully arranged the structure of the articles and shaped them according to things, conceiving a neat, rigorous and changeable form. Like a brilliant architect, he organically unified the content and form of the article and designed buildings with different styles with originality.
Su Xun's articles are exquisite in language and precious in every sentence. It is concise, vivid, interesting and rich in connotation, which makes people memorable after reading it. Su Xun's paper is also very insightful. Su Xun advocated learning ancient prose and opposed flashy strange prose. Advocating that articles should be "written for something" and "words must be in the present"; Emphasize that the article should be "sincerely convinced" and write "from the heart". He also discussed different writing styles and the same requirements of different styles. He is especially good at evaluating the styles and artistic features of various essays from the comparison of his works.
poetry
Su Xun doesn't write many poems, but he is good at writing five ancient poems, which are simple and vigorous. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented that his poems were "profound and tasteful, and the words were like their prose" (Shi Lin Shi Hua). His two poems by Ouyang Yongshu, White Rabbit, Sending People Away from Yishan, Yan Shu, Answering Two Covenants, and Sending Wu Waiting System to Recover Tanzhou, are excellent, but their overall achievements are far less than those of prose.
Su Xun's works were popular in various versions in Song Dynasty, but most of them were lost in the original version. Nowadays, there are remnants of the collected works of Lao Su published in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most popular books are Jia, volume 15, and four-part series.
spectroscopy
Su Xun has made great contributions in the field of genealogy. Su genealogy, which he founded, is one of the methods of compiling genealogy in modern times, which has great influence. It is still an example of genealogy revision in many places and surnames. Its body is parallel, the world order is straightforward, and its ancestry is described in tabular form. In the table, the official position, behavior, spouse, death burial and year of death are recorded, and the descendants are written in turn, and the generations are marked. Its genealogy is represented by five generations, based on the principle of patriarchal clan system, and the details are near and slightly far, respecting the near and restraining the far, advocating harmony, compassion and vulgarization. It is characterized by large space and many records. Su's genealogy, together with another genealogy founded by Ouyang Xiu, is called "Ou Su's genealogy" by the world.