Qidan characters were produced in 920 AD and recorded clearly in Liao history. So it is impossible to coin before 920. The four Khitan characters on the front of the coin have long been misinterpreted as "China is rich and powerful" or "Long live China". According to the latest interpretation of the Khitan script, it is now called "all gods". The following are the main points summarized according to the textual research articles of Qidan writers.
1. Text above the perforation
This is the ideograph of "Tian". It does not represent the pronunciation of "Tian" in Chinese, but should be measured by the hypothesis of "Tian Wan Chao Shun", but the au in Qidan language. The basis is that the small Khitan characters correspond to the large Khitan characters, which also means "heaven" and are ideographic characters, but the small Khitan characters can also be used as phonetic characters, and their phonetic value is determined as au according to their grammatical environment. So far, phonography has not been used in the Khitan script. The ideographic character of the Jurchen character "Tian" is made of the font (reduction) of the Khitan character "Tian", and phonography is not used. If it is represented by the pronunciation of the Chinese character "Tian", the Chinese character of Qidan is represented by another word which is completely isomorphic to the Chinese character "Tian".
2. Type the words on the right.
This kind of script appears frequently in the Khitan script, which can be used alone (ideographic script) or in combination with other Khitan scripts (phonography). Its sound value is sin. The basis of onomatopoeic words is: (1) In the Epitaph of Guan Zhongnie, the national envoy of the Great Central Khitan, interpreted by Professor (Liao Tianzuo Tianqing 4th year [1 165438]), "aide" is expressed in two words. The first word is the transliteration of the Chinese word "fu"; The second word is the transliteration of the Chinese word "Shi" and the synthesis of the genitive suffix -n, that is, sin. (2) In the Khitan Chinese character Inscription on the Location of Lu Ye Saban, the only country in the Great Huli Kingdom, which was interpreted by Professor Yoshimoto Chieko (Liao Tianzuo became the father of Wang Qi for eight years [1 108]), the title of "Shenshu" written by Liao Taizu was expressed in three words. The last two words are the past tense of the verb "order", and the first word is equivalent to "God". The word "Shen" in the small print of Qidan is composed of two phonetic characters, and the resulting pronunciation is also sin. Therefore, there is no word with the concept of "God" in the Khitan language (just as there is no word "dragon" in the Khitan language, so the Uighur language is borrowed. The word "dragon" in Uighur is also borrowed from Chinese, so it is borrowed from Chinese. Boer, a Khitan language with the same origin as the Mongolian word "God", is used to mean "Buddha" in epitaphs, and nowhere to mean "God", so it is not used as the title of "Shenshu". The original meaning of the title "Shenshu" in Qidan language is the meaning of "Shenshu" to "Xu". The characters expressing syllables in Jurchen Chinese characters are composed of the font (pen) and pronunciation of Qidan Chinese characters, which can disprove the correctness of the onomatopoeic words in Qidan Chinese characters.
3. Punch the words below
This word also has two uses: ideographic and phonological. Used as an ideographic character to represent the number "thousand". There is a sentence "the day of four thousand years" in the Qidan Chinese character "Inscription of a job without a husband" interpreted by Professor Yoshimoto Chieko (the seventh year of Dakang in Liao Daozong [108 1]). This is a quotation in Buddhism that "the life span of Maitreya Buddha is 4000 years, and one day of death is equivalent to 400 years on earth". One of the "thousands" is this word. The word "Qian" in the fine print of Qidan is also an ideographic character, and it is also used by phonography. According to the grammatical environment in which it is used as a phonetic character, onomatopoeia is Ming. The word "Qian" belongs to Altaic language family, and the phonetic forms of all languages are homologous. The ideographic characters of the number "Qian" in the Jurchen script are similar to those in the Khitan script and have the same meaning, which can disprove the correctness of the writing of the Khitan script. In addition, besides ideographic characters, the word "Qian" of Jurchen Chinese characters also has the usage of phonetic characters (see "Stone Carving of Jurchen Chinese Characters in Shibi, Jiu Feng, Mongolia" interpreted by Professor Yoshimoto Chieko), which is circumstantial evidence that there are both ideographic characters and phonetic characters in Qidan Chinese characters.
4. Type the words on the left.
This is the ideographic character of the number "Wan". It represents not the pronunciation of "Wan" in Chinese, but the tum in Khitan language. The basis is that the small Khitan characters correspond to the large Khitan characters, which also means "ten thousand" and are ideographic characters, but the small Khitan characters can also be used as phonetic characters, and their phonetic values depend on their grammatical environment. The writing of this word is slightly different from the epitaph. The ideographic characters of the number "Wan" in the epitaph of Qidan are written in exactly the same way as Chinese characters. In the Chinese materials of Liao Dynasty, we can see the same examples as the currency writing. This style originated from the popular "Wan" style at that time. The most common forms of Chinese characters in Khitan, which originated from Chinese characters, are pictophonetic loan and phonological loan, which belong to pictophonetic loan, that is, it consists of the shape and meaning of the Chinese character "Wan". This word has no phonetic usage. The ideographic character of the Jurchen character "Wan" is made by adding some dots on the Khitan character, and there is no phonetic symbol usage. In this way, it can be disproved that the Khitan script has no phonetic usage.
There are many pronunciations of four-character coins. In what order should the four Khitan Chinese characters be interpreted? According to the above-mentioned concept of word meaning parallelism, it is not difficult to see that only the right-handed reading of arts and sciences is fluent, that is, "all gods." Gold coins in the reverse order of silver coins and left characters should also be read in the right direction, that is, "there are thousands of gods." Both "thousand" and "thousand" mean a big number. Right-handed reading conforms to the writing law of Qidan characters from top to bottom and from right to left. We can see that the small-print money of the Khitan, Shoufu Yongchang and Forever, and the small-print money of the Khitan, Baoning Bao Tong, Jingfu Bao Tong, Xianyong Bao Tong and Dakang Bao Tong, can also be read by the right hand. As for the use of silver coins, gold coins and copper coins with these four words cast on the surface of coins, it can be inferred from the meaning that they hate money. Before the establishment of the dynasty, the Khitans believed in Shamanism as well as all ethnic groups in North Asia. After the establishment of the dynasty, the information revealed by historical books and cultural relics is still unbelievable. The infiltration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Qidan society did not drown out the original characteristics of Shamanism and polytheism, on the contrary, it enriched its manifestations. Casting "All Gods" on coins tired of winning money and issuing the title of "Book of All Gods" for the first time at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China are historical manifestations of the establishment of Shinto by Khitan Huli, the great central government. Liao History records in detail the process of the Qidan people's offering sacrifices to the mountain instrument: offering sacrifices to the gods and the earth; Bypass the Shenmen tree; Sacrifice to the east; Re-consecrate to god and the earth. Offering sacrifices to mountains is an extension of primitive religions such as nature worship, totem worship and ancestor soul worship of Qidan people. The object of sacrifice was originally numerous clan patrons or animist functional gods.