Jilin-1 launch
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, referred to as "Dongfeng Aerospace City" (JSLC) for short, is one of the launch test bases of China's scientific satellites, technical test satellites and launch vehicles, and it belongs to the General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. It is the earliest and largest comprehensive missile and satellite launch center established in China, and the only manned space launch site in China at present. Founded in 1958, it is located in Hangtian Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan City. This area belongs to the inland desert climate, with flat terrain, sparsely populated, little rain all year round and long days. It can carry out launch tests for about 300 days every year.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is the earliest and largest satellite launch center in China. It is also a comprehensive launch site for all kinds of launch vehicles and sounding meteorological rockets. The launching facilities are complete and reliable, and it can launch medium and low orbit satellites with large inclination. 54 satellites, 10 shenzhou spaceship and 1 Tiangong Space Laboratory were successfully launched here, and 10 astronauts were safely and smoothly sent into space. Here, 34 generals miraculously came out; This is one of the three largest space launch sites in the world.
Scenic spots open to domestic tourists include: satellite launch site, command and control center, Long March II rocket, test center, Jiuquan satellite launch center field history exhibition hall, revolutionary martyrs cemetery, Dongfeng Reservoir of Jiuquan satellite launch base, Populus euphratica forest in Ejina desert, etc. There is a two-star standard Dongfeng Hotel in the center for tourists to stay.
The "Jilin-1" satellite group developed by Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd. was successfully launched in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 20 1517 October, creating a precedent in the history of commercial remote sensing satellites in China.
Two. Xichang Satellite Launch Center
Xichang satellite launch center (XSLC), also known as Xichang Satellite City, belongs to the General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. 1970 was completed and 1982 was put into use. From the launch of China's first communication satellite by 1984+0 to the end of 20 13, satellites have been launched at home and abroad. It is a space launch base that mainly undertakes the launch of geosynchronous orbit satellites, and undertakes the test launch and application launch tasks of communication, broadcasting and meteorological satellites. It is the largest launch site in China, with the most advanced equipment and technology, the largest number of satellite launching tasks and the ability to launch various types of satellites. The launch center has test launch, command and control, tracking and measurement, communication, meteorology and technical service support systems. The two launching stations, technical test center, command and control center and other supporting facilities in the launch site area can undertake and complete all kinds of domestic and foreign satellite launching services.
Xichang satellite launch center, located in Sichuan Province, has the advantages of "natural launch site": First, it has low latitude (28.2 degrees north latitude), high altitude (1500m), good launch inclination, short ground-air distance, low latitude, 28 degrees north latitude14' 42.72', and east longitude1. Second, the canyon has good terrain and solid geological structure, with an altitude of1.857m, which is beneficial to the overall layout of launch sites, the layout of ground launch facilities, technical equipment, tracking measurement and communication, and can meet the needs of multi-launch site construction. Third, the weather is fine and the "launch window" is good. The annual average temperature is 18℃, which is one of the areas with the smallest climate change in China. There are as many as 320 sunshine days, almost no foggy days, and there are more test periods and allowed launch times.
The best launch season is June 10 to May of the following year. It is also the only space base in China to launch geosynchronous satellites.
Three. taiyuan satellite launch center
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC) is located in the plateau area of kelan county, Xinzhou City. Located in the temperate zone, the altitude is about 1, 500m, adjacent to Luya Mountain Scenic Area. It is one of the test bases for experimental satellites, applied satellites and launch vehicles in China. The launch center has rocket and satellite test workshops, equipment processing rooms, launch operation facilities, flight tracking and safety control facilities. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has multi-directional, multi-orbit, long-distance and high-precision measurement capabilities, and undertakes the launching tasks of all kinds of medium and low orbit satellites and launch vehicles such as meteorology, resources and communication in sun-synchronous orbit. The launch center was established in 1967. Winter here is long without summer, and spring and autumn are connected. The frost-free period is only 90 days, and the average annual temperature is 5℃.
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is mainly responsible for launching spacecraft in sun-synchronous orbit and polar orbit. Since the establishment of 1967, with the goal of building a world-class space launch site, the vast number of scientific and technological personnel of the center have vigorously carried out research and experiments on space launch technology on the loess plateau in northwest Shanxi, breaking through a series of major technical problems in space launch, and have now achieved more than 700 scientific and technological achievements.
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has been built into a multi-functional and multi-launch modern launch site integrating command and control, TT&C communication and comprehensive support system. The comprehensive space launch capability has achieved a leap from one launch mission per year to more than ten high-density rocket and satellite launch missions per year. The center has successfully launched China's first sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite Fengyun-1, the first China-Pakistan Resources-1 and the first marine resources exploration satellite, creating nine firsts in the history of satellite launch in China.
Four. wenchang satellite launch center
Wenchang Space Launch Center (WSLC) is located near Wenchang, Hainan Province, China. Its predecessor was China's test base for launching suborbital rockets, and with the approval of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, China's first coastal launch base was built there. The construction project officially started on September 14, 2009.
The center will be used to launch the heavy Long March 5 series rockets under development. The purpose of building a new space launch site is to adapt to the sustainable development strategy of China's space industry and meet the needs of a new generation of non-toxic and pollution-free launch vehicles and new spacecraft launch missions. As the fourth satellite launch center in China, it is also the largest satellite launch base with the best launch conditions in China. It is mainly responsible for launching spacecraft such as geosynchronous orbit satellites, large-mass polar orbit satellites, large-tonnage space stations and deep space exploration satellites. [4][7]
The construction of Hainan space launch site is not the repetition and replication of Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang, but the innovative development from a high starting point. It refers to the most advanced design concept and the latest technology in the world aerospace field, including innovative elements such as informationization, intelligence and environmental protection, which are integrated into the whole process of launch site design and construction, and finally a modern new space launch site with strong comprehensive launch capability, safety, reliability, informationization, ecological protection and world-class is built.
After Hainan Space Launch Site is completed and put into use, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center will continue to undertake launching tasks such as recoverable satellites and manned space projects, Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center will still mainly undertake launching tasks in sun-synchronous orbit, and xichang satellite launch center will mainly undertake emergency launching tasks, thus forming a certain complementary relationship with Hainan Space Launch Site.
20 16 At 20: 00 on June 25th, the Long March 7 carrier rocket newly developed by China's manned spaceflight project for launching cargo spacecraft was ignited and lifted off at Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province. After about 603 seconds, the load assembly was successfully separated from the rocket and entered an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 200 kilometers and an apogee of 394 kilometers. The first launch of the Long March 7 carrier rocket was a complete success.