Those with the lowest cognitive level and those with the highest cognitive level, the higher their cognitive level and the more comprehensive their perspective, will have a global view. Be able to reach the corresponding position and realize your goals and values. Let's look at the lowest level of cognition and the highest level of cognition.
The lowest level of cognition and the highest level of cognition 1 five levels of human cognition
We divide people's cognition from primary to advanced into five levels: neural level cognition, psychological level cognition, language level cognition, thinking level cognition and cultural level cognition, which are called neural cognition, psychological cognition, language cognition, thinking cognition and cultural cognition for short. So far, human cognition can only and must be included in these five levels. The first two levels of cognition, namely, neurocognition and psychological cognition, are possessed by both human beings and animals and are called "low-order cognition", while the last three levels of cognition are unique to human beings and are called "high-order cognition".
Five levels of cognition form a sequence: neurocognition-psychological cognition-language cognition-thinking cognition-cultural cognition, which can also be arranged vertically, as shown in the following figure. In this sequence, low-level cognition is the basis of high-level cognition, and high-level cognition contains and affects low-level cognition downward.
(1) Human cognition covers all five levels, including high-order cognition and low-order cognition. The development from neurocognition, psychological cognition, language cognition, thinking cognition to cultural cognition is the embodiment of the evolutionary direction of animals and human beings' minds and cognition (Figure 3); The existence of five levels of human cognition is the legacy of the ability of each stage of spiritual and cognitive evolution.
(2) Each primary cognition becomes the basis of advanced cognition in turn. For example, neurocognition is the basis of psychological cognition; Psychological cognition is the basis of language cognition; Language cognition is the basis of thinking cognition; Thinking cognition is the basis of cultural cognition. Of course, we can also say that neurocognition and psychological cognition are the basis of language cognition; Neurocognition, psychological cognition and linguistic cognition are the basis of thinking cognition; Neurocognition, psychological cognition, language cognition and thinking cognition are the basis of cultural cognition and so on.
(3) Since advanced cognition includes primary cognition, the form of advanced cognition will have an impact on the form of primary cognition it contains. For example, cultural cognition will have an impact on thinking cognition, language cognition, psychological cognition and neurocognition; Thinking cognition will have an impact on language cognition, psychological cognition and neurocognition; Language cognition will have an impact on psychological cognition and neurocognition, and so on.
(4) Higher-order cognition, which consists of language cognition, thinking cognition and cultural cognition, is a unique cognitive form of human beings, and non-human animals do not have this cognitive form. In higher-order cognition, language cognition is the foundation; In the five levels of human cognition, language cognition is the core.
The five levels of cognition are divided according to scientific standards. The so-called scientific standard is to take the object of scientific research as the basis for division. So far, the objects of cognitive science research belong to these five levels, and there is no cognitive science object beyond these five levels. Of course, some objects are cross-level, which forms an interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary study of cognitive science.
People with the lowest cognitive level and the highest cognitive level know their "ignorance".
"It is far more regrettable to waste opportunities than to miss them." This sentence can speak the hearts of many people.
In this era, there are many opportunities and opportunities, but why are there always few people who seize them? That's because most of us are cursed by knowledge.
The so-called knowledge is an abstract concept summed up by predecessors' experience, but everyone will have blind spots. The more invisible the place, the more likely it is to contain the truth of the problem.
Existing knowledge sometimes hinders our steps, and ignorance can bring new possibilities.
Socrates said, "I look wise because I know how ignorant I am."
People with high cognitive level focus on "bottom logic"
The sage "knows 500 years before, so he can know 500 years."
Not because they have the ability of prophecy, but because the underlying laws of this world are eternal.
Although the ancients had limited knowledge, they had outstanding knowledge; Although modern people are immersed in the ocean of knowledge, they are all superficial.
It is the ancients who specialize in seeking truth; Today's people are shallow-minded, impetuous and eager for quick success.
Why are those classics immortal after thousands of years? Because they explain the underlying logic, even if time passes, the underlying logic will not change.
Bruce Lee said, "I'm not afraid of people who know a thousand legs. I am afraid of people who practice one leg a thousand times. "
Nowadays, many people are lost in fragmented information, eating dates superficially and without thinking, and the brain has become a racetrack for other people's thoughts. Instead of reading 100, it is superficial. It is better to explain those classics and understand them in depth.
Only the thoughts that germinate from one's own heart are alive;
Only the thought rooted in the underlying logic can have the power of "opposing Gankun".
People with high cognitive level are not in a hurry to draw conclusions.
I often meet such a person in my life, who is always preconceived to label others:
Look at your backpack and you will know that your monthly salary is less than 8000 yuan;
When you see a girl sitting in a BMW, you know you are a gold digger.
When you see a steak, you have to send 9 pictures. You must have never seen the world. ......
A few words blurted out gently may be a tsunami for others.
Woolf wrote in To the Lighthouse:
One's opinion of others is half absurd.
This view is entirely based on one's own personal motives.
A person's greatest malice is to impose his own understanding on others, and to comment without knowing the whole picture.
Don't always pretend that I know everything.
Don't always generalize with your own inherent knowledge and experience, but generalize with points.
Don't always get caught up in group emotions.
People with high cognitive level deeply understand, don't understand the whole picture, and don't make comments.
They always take the time to master multi-dimensional knowledge and learn from others, so as to look at the problem more comprehensively;
They always think at the end, and they have more determination and judgment.
It is a rare calm and reflection to let the bullet fly for a while without drawing a conclusion, and it is also a rare accomplishment and quality.
The lowest level of cognition and the highest level of cognition are 3 1, and cognition determines fate.
For example, the "reform policy" put forward by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. Let some people and some regions get rich first, and then achieve the same prosperity. The household contract responsibility system is implemented, and the ownership and management rights are separated. Construction of special economic zones. The conception of "one country, two systems"
His major reform measures are all derived from high-level cognition. Facts have proved that these are all right things. His "unconventional way" has accelerated the growth of our whole country and made us feel a happy life faster.
Only by getting rid of cognitive poverty can we achieve real prosperity.
2, the pattern is supported by grievances.
Zeng Guofan studied abroad when he was young, and there was a rich second generation classmate in his dormitory. This classmate's grades are not as good as his, so he often makes things difficult for Zeng Guofan.
One day, Zeng Guofan was sitting by the window reading a book when he suddenly heard someone shouting, "Zeng Guofan, you are blocking my light." How can I read a book? Get out of my way! " Zeng Guofan saw that it was a classmate of Yang, a rich second generation.
Yang doesn't read at all. His bed is opposite Yang, and he doesn't block the light himself. He wanted to argue with Yang, but he held back. He moved the stool to the bed and went on reading.
When Zeng Guofan won the prize, all his classmates came to congratulate him. Yang scolded: "All the good feng shui in the dormitory is mine. You took it when you moved in. "
Those reasonable students asked him, "Didn't you decide Zeng Guofan's bed? Why do you blame him now? " Yang still said, "I blame him for taking away my good feng shui."
Zeng Guofan heard that his classmates were quarreling, so he went over and advised them not to hurt their friendship for this matter. Everybody, stop arguing at once.
If a person can't stand injustice, he can't have a successful day. When you are humble, you can only swallow it. When you succeed, those grievances will become your pattern. Only when you succeed will others be afraid of you.
3. People with high cognitive level have diverse thinking.
Once, Jobs saw that the trash can in the office was not cleaned, so he asked the cleaner why it was not cleaned yesterday.
The cleaner thought it was not his fault, so he explained: I changed the lock of the office yesterday, so I can't go in and clean it myself. After listening to this, Jobs felt that he understood the cleaners very well.
Later, he mentioned at a meeting that it was reasonable for employees to discuss the reasons of cleaners. Employees all think it makes sense.
Jobs went on to say: If a senior manager is in charge of a project that goes wrong, he will give me a reasonable explanation like a cleaner. Do you think I will accept this explanation?
Therefore, the higher the cognitive level, the more comprehensive the perspective of the problem, and they will have a global view. They will pay attention to nuances. Handle problems carefully and solve them, not pass the buck. Only by taking on a big responsibility can we reach the corresponding position and realize our goals and values.