Zhougong temple
"the son of heaven drives six"
In the bustling area of Xigong District in the center of Luoyang, there is an open and spectacular square called "East Zhou Wangcheng Square". In the south of the square, stands a wise and generous statue of the old man-Duke Ji Dan of Zhou, with an inscription "Duke of Zhou built Luoyi" under the statue. On the north side of the square, half of it is hidden in underground buildings, and six fine horses are whistling, which is particularly eye-catching. This is the Museum of Emperor Driving Six in Zhouwangcheng, which is called "Emperor Driving Six".
What is the "Emperor Driving Six"? "Du Ji, King of Rites" contains: "The emperor drives six, the vassal drives four, the doctor drives three, the scholar drives two and Shu Ren drives one." It turns out that in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, horses and chariots were the symbol of the master's rank and status, and only the son of heaven could ride in a six-horse-drawn car. However, despite records in history books, archaeologists have never found this object. Therefore, "the emperor drives six" has become an eternal mystery.
At the end of 2002, Luoyang carried out preliminary cultural relics drilling and archaeological excavation for the construction of Heluo Square. Within the scope of 6,543,800+6,000 square meters, 397 tombs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were found, including Chemakeng 18. In one of the chariots and horses pits, the staff cleared up the remains of six horses pulling carts, which confirmed the saying in ancient literature that "the emperor rode six horses" in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and was hailed as an archaeological miracle comparable to the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Xi 'an. Subsequently, Luoyang changed the construction plan of Heluo Square, built a protective exhibition museum —— Tian Zi Jialiu Museum in Zhouwangcheng on the original site of Chemakeng, and changed Heluo Square to Wangcheng Square in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Since then, Luoyang has gained unparalleled wonders.
Liu Museum covers an area of 1700 square meters and is divided into two exhibition areas. The first exhibition area shows the general situation of the king city of Zhou Dynasty and the cultural relics unearthed in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The second exhibition area is Chemakeng. Chemakeng is the tomb pit of emperors and senior nobles, with *** 17. The one in the north, 42.6 meters long and 7.4 meters wide, has two rows of chariots and horses, and there are six horses in the first row, which reproduces the spectacular scene of the emperor's inspection two thousand years ago and turns a heavy page that has been dusty by history.
Luoyang, Dingding, Zhou Wuwang
As we all know, in the past, Haojiang was the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In fact, the Western Zhou Dynasty had an indissoluble bond with Luoyang, which was once the capital city.
Zhou Wuwang conquered Zhou, and "eight hundred princes entered Tianjin Union", that is, today's Luoyang in the northeast, and today's town Mengjin County got its name. Zhou Wuwang ended the retreat of the Shang Dynasty, so it was named "Yanshi" in today's Luoyang. He moved Jiuding, a symbol of kingship, from Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Luoyang, and said to Duke Zhou: "Since Luoling has been extended to Yimou, it is easy to live in it, but it has a summer residence. I see three places in the south, and I see Yue in the north. Gu Zhan has a river, Yue Zhan has a river, not far from the sky. " Its intention of making Luoyang its capital is obvious. Unfortunately, he died of overwork the year after he lost his business.
Jiuding, according to legend, was cast, and its abdomen is engraved with the words "Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang and Yong", which symbolizes Kyushu on earth and is the treasure of Xia, Shang and Zhou. It is said that Zhou Wuwang transported Jiuding from Chao Ge to Haojiang and passed through Luoyang, but Jiuding couldn't move. Zhou Wuwang knew God's will and put the tripod in Luoyang.
Why did Zhou Wuwang build Luoyang as its capital? Because Luoyang is in the world, it is easy to control the whole country. After Zhou Wuwang's death, Zhou Chengwang succeeded to the throne, and Duke Zhou was the regent. In accordance with King Wu's wishes, two cities, "King City" and "Chengzhou", were built in Luoyang. After he became king, he moved his family to Chengzhou from the beginning, held a ceremony to lay the foundation of Jiuding, and officially made Luoyang his capital. Since then, many emperors, such as Zhao Haoqi in the Western Zhou Dynasty, have made Luoyang their capital.
In 770 BC, Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyang again. Since then, more than 20 Zhou emperors have lived in Luoyang for 5 15 years, which is called "Eastern Zhou" in history. During this period, Luoyang became the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, and for a time, it was "doing business all over the world, with a vast horizon". However, with the rise of princes, the royal family gradually declined, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was even more terrible. A series of stories such as "The King of Chu won the championship", "Qi Xuanwang won the championship", "Qin Wuwang won the championship" and "Wang Yiding of Qin Zhao" occurred.
Duke Zhuang of Chu, that is, a vassal who was "silent for three years and made a blockbuster". In 606 BC, when the State of Chu was strong, Duke Zhuang of Chu led an army to break Lu Rong and reach Luoshui. Ask Jiuding "what's the size" and want to get rid of Zhou.
"Holding a tripod" means that when you are strong, you go to the Zhou room and point to the tripod engraved with the word "Yong" and say, This is the tripod of our country, and I want to take it back. He lifted the tripod to test the weight, and as a result, his toe bone was broken and he died of pain.
After the Western Zhou Dynasty established Luoyang as its capital, Haojing and Luoyang were actually formed in this dynasty. The two cities are thousands of miles apart. In order to facilitate the rule of kingship, "divide Shaanxi and govern it", that is, Shaanxi County (now west of Sanmenxia) is the boundary, Princess Zhou is in the east and Princess Zhao is in the west. The name "Shaanxi" came from this. The Western Zhou Dynasty also called Haojiang area "Zhou Zong", which was the legacy left by Zongzu. Luoyang New Town is called "Zhoucheng", which means that Zhoudao began to become Zhoucheng.
Duke Zhou saluted and was happy.
Ancient literature records that "the emperor drives six", Jiuding, and there are 20 chariots and 40 horses buried in the emperor's tomb. There are 26 cars and 68 horses in the chariot pit of Zhouwangcheng, which fully shows that the owner of the tomb is the son of heaven. So, who made this set of rules or forms?
There is the old system handed down from Xia and Shang Dynasties, and more importantly, there is the Duke of Zhou's "ritual and music system".
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Duke Zhou lived in Luoyang for a long time. In addition to establishing Luoyi and putting down the rebellion, he also completed the great project of "Rites and Music System", which had a far-reaching impact on China society and China history.
"Rite" was the social norm and moral standard of patriarchal clan system and hierarchical system at that time. Emperor, vassal, Qing, doctor, scholar, etc. There are strict grade differences. Monarch and minister, father and son, up and down, respect and intimacy should all abide by different etiquette systems. In particular, the heir system is more strict: "the difference between the ordinary and the ordinary, the order of the old and the young", "the son is expensive, not long, and the position is not virtuous" and so on, which has been followed by the feudal dynasty for two thousand years.
"State affairs are in chains." At that time, no matter sacrifice or war, there were grand ceremonies, and other ceremonies also had different ceremonies. These ceremonies should be accompanied by different music and dances, which is the content of Duke Zhou's "music".
After the Duke of Zhou saluted the music, it was promulgated and implemented in Luoyang, which once achieved remarkable results. When he became king and King Kang, the world was at peace and there was no punishment for 40 years, which was called "the rule of Cheng Kang" in history. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, "see no evil, don't listen if you are evil, don't move if you are evil" was deeply rooted in people's hearts. King Huan of Zhou dotes on his second son, Wang Zike, and wants to be the throne of Wang Zike, but he dare not destroy the "eldest son inheritance system". Before he died, he had to entrust this wish to the minister Zhou Gonghei. As a result, according to the usual practice, ministers appointed the eldest son to inherit Zhou's throne, because the plot of Duke Heishou of Zhou and Wang Zike failed.
Zuo Zhuan recorded the story that Jin Wengong asked King Xiang of Zhou for a "tunnel". In the Zhou dynasty, only the tomb of the son of heaven had a "tunnel", that is, a pyramid-shaped mound. Jin Wengong helped Wang Pingluan and made great contributions. But when he asked Wang Xiang for the right to be buried in the tunnel, Wang Xiang refused and gave him a lot of land because "there are no two sons in the world".
King Xiang of Zhou would rather give the courtiers land than allow them to be buried in tunnels, which shows how strict the hierarchy was at that time!
At the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, "Rites collapsed and music broke down", but many people still miss the prosperity and the system of rites and music in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Confucius said, "Everything is long, and this is the only thing that matters."
Zhou dynasty relics
Luoyang, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, is rich in Zhou Dynasty relics.
Chengzhou city and wangcheng site. Chengzhou City is located in the area of today's Baima Temple, which was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is six miles from east to west and five miles from north to south. Later, it was superimposed by the ruins of the ancient city of Han and Wei, commonly known as "the ancient city of Han and Wei". Wangcheng is in the area of Wangcheng Park, and Tang Ming and Shaole Terrace have been rebuilt.
Zhouwangling District. Luoyang Zhouwangling District can be divided into three places. One is Jincun Mausoleum, which is located in Jincun, the ancient city of Han and Wei Dynasties. According to historical records, there are "King Wei Lie of Zhou" and "King Jing's Tomb" in this mausoleum. Second, Wang Chengling, that is, the area around Liuguan, which is controlled by the emperor today. Before the discovery of "Emperor Driving Six", archaeologists found many A-type tombs and y A-type tombs here, and there was Shi Gui with the word "Emperor", but the owner of the tomb has not yet been determined. At the same time and after the discovery of "Emperor Driving Six", dozens of chariots and horses pits and hundreds of tombs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were discovered in this area. The third is Zhoushan Mausoleum, located in San Shancun, southwest of Luoyang. Zhoushan, whose real name is Qinshan, was renamed Zhoushan because the tomb of the Emperor of the Zhou Dynasty was called Shan. Because there are four mounds on the mountain, three of them are adjacent to the east, commonly known as "Three Mountains". According to legend, they are used for offering sacrifices, mourning and setting up the king's mausoleum. There is a tombstone of "Zhou Lingwang Mausoleum" in front of a grave in western China.
Zhougong observation deck site. Located in Gaocheng Town, Dengfeng City today. The observation deck was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Duke Zhou once observed the sun shadow here and determined that it was "on earth", so he began to build Luoyi.
Temple of Duke Zhou. Located in the ancient city of Luoyang, the temple was built in the late Sui Dynasty and the reign of the King.
Chain connection
wangcheng park
Wangcheng Park is located at the western end of Zhongzhou Middle Road, named after the site of Zhouwangcheng.
Zhouwangcheng, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, was built by Duke Zhou in 1038 BC. Its layout of "the former dynasty followed the city, and the left ancestor followed the right society" created a style of capital construction in China. 1955, the site of Zhouwangcheng was discovered. In order to protect this historic site, Luoyang City specially built Wangcheng Park here.
The park spans the banks of Jianhe River and covers an area of more than 500 mu. The gate is a classical and heavy building, simple and elegant, magnificent. Opposite the door is a 6-meter-high imitation bronze tripod, which symbolizes that this is the king city of Luoyi and the Ding Ding of Zhou Dynasty. Dinghou is the main hall of Tang Ming. Tang Ming was a church of the Zhou Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, with five churches, each with a size of 1.8 feet, where major political activities were held. Today's hall is rebuilt, simple and solemn. The dragon carved in front of the hall is 13 meters long, which is very imposing. Shao Le once wrote Confucius "I don't know the taste of meat in March". Shaoyuetai consists of Tianchengque, Jishengzhu, Shaoyuetai and Huancui Gallery. Ji engraved the historical sites of Duke Zhou's construction of Luoyi in those days and arranged them into a small square symbolizing the layout of the nine meridians and nine latitudes of Zhou Wangcheng. Shaoyuetai is a "quadruple house" building with ancient musical instruments such as chimes and chimes. On the wall of the platform, 32 pictures of people's stories are carved, which vividly reflect the major historical events that took place in Luoyang during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Wangcheng Park also has the Stonehenge of "He Tu Luo Shu" and the stone tablet of "Rooting He Luo" set up by the group of "Seeking Roots and Asking Ancestors" in Taiwan Province Province. Han people in Taiwan Province call themselves "Heluolang" and think their ancestors are in Luoyang.
The classic Luoyang was compiled into a book. Please call: 632327 10, 632547 19, 64856698.