? Query on Calligraphy in Song Dynasty: Who are Su Huangmi and Cai?

When it comes to calligraphy in Song Dynasty, people naturally think of Su Huang camouflage. There are two theories about who Cai refers to. One is that treacherous court official Cai Jing changed Cai Xiang to Cai Jing, and the other is that Cai was originally from Cai Jing. Because of his contempt, his descendants changed it to Cai Xiang. In terms of age, Cai Xiang is the longest, mainly active in Renzong Dynasty, followed by Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, mainly active in Zongshen and Zhezong Dynasties. Miffy came later. On artistic achievement, Cai Xiang is superior to others. So some people think that the sorting should be Cai Su yellow rice. & gt Su Huang and Camo are court officials, while Su Huang, Jinshi and Shimi are unknown. Su Shi was a bachelor of Hanlin, Huang Tingjian was a captain of Jixian County, Mi Fei was a minister of rites, and Cai Xiang was promoted to Longtuge until he became a bachelor of Kaifeng Prefecture. During the storm, they all had some ambitions, but the situation was very poor. However, the temperament of the four people is different. & gt Su Shi likes dancing and writing ink, not only poems, but also books and paintings. He has a bad temper. He writes wherever he goes, but he is not serious. Whenever he sees a piece of paper, he writes it, but he doesn't want to throw it away on purpose. According to the textual research of contemporary calligraphers, he only holds the pen with his thumb and forefinger, which is similar to that we hold the pen today, and our arms can't be lifted. He wrote some good words in a unique way. However, it is too much to overemphasize the literary spirit of words. & gt Huang Tingjian, Chao and Qin Guan are "four bachelor's degrees of Su family", but their knowledge is unique and does not depend on Su family. He loved The Preface to Lanting, but it was Yi, Huai Su and Yan Zhenqing who knew the two kings. People think that he doesn't write like two kings, so they laugh that this is the real two kings. What he means is to learn the methods of the two kings with a pen, rather than simply describing their glyphs. Huang Tingjian's handwriting is extremely cheerful, like a pike and spurge radiating from all directions. He used his own Zen philosophy to deal with calligraphy, and his writing style was like that of a Zen master talking about machine front, but he lacked the meaning of machine front. & gt Mimi has some quirks. He will walk in the street in Tang Dynasty clothes. When he sees a good stone, he will worship it and call it "brother". He is also a neat freak and won't use things with others. His paintings are unique. Together with his son Mi Youren, he created Mi's Yunshan. In the history of painting, there is a special technique of "rice-dotted landscape", which shows the unique charm of landscape after rain. Mi Fei advocated that when practicing calligraphy and painting, we should look at the original, not the rubbings. Perhaps for this reason, he loves collecting very much. His works "Zhang Bao to be Visited", "History of Books" and "History of Painting" are all classics to identify historical sites. Mi Fei is the most diligent in studying ancient books, and some people even laugh at him for "collecting ancient Chinese characters". However, after he was familiar with the brushwork of the ancients, he was able to expand and play, and his brushwork was changeable and graceful. Some people say that his writing is full of wonderful papers and anger because he is too expert and likes to show his magical power. Moreover, it may be related to his collection habits. Its glyph seems to be like an encyclopedia dictionary in the Jin and Tang dynasties, and there are many patterns that are unparalleled. Mi Fei has more habits of learning and writing Chinese characters, so his writing is very superficial. & gt From the perspective of pure art, the literariness of Su Shi's words, Huang Tingjian's Zen and philosophy, and Mi Fei's deliberate composition of characters' strokes are all different. Any artistic style is a unique artistic language with its specific mechanism, context and expression. The so-called master of art refers to a person who can understand and master this special artistic language and use it naturally. Otherwise, if another artistic language is used to steal it, the unique charm of this artistic language will be obscured and there will be no need to exist. Cai Xiang is the only person in Song Sijia who knows the artistic language of calligraphy. & gt At that time, Cai Xiang's calligraphy was rated as the first in the dynasty. Cai Xiang began to chase the two kings from the Tang Dynasty. Like a scholar engaged in scientific research, he carefully analyzed the jurisprudence of Erwang's calligraphy and had a very accurate grasp of his brushwork and structure, instead of learning a lot like Mi Fei, but not understanding the mechanism, making a hodgepodge. When we chew Cai Xiang's words, we are tasting the calligraphy, so it's like drinking a cup of authentic Longjing tea, pure and authentic, not scented tea. Su Shi once commented on Cai Shu, saying, "It is too clear to spread, but too turbid to leave. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, we should take Mo Jun as our top priority "(Dong Shi: Huangsong, central Shu Lu). It is no exaggeration to say that they are comparable to Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Qi in the Tang Dynasty. When talking about Cai Shu, Pan Boying, a close friend, said that Cai Shu's words made people feel that he was meticulous. Because it is beautiful everywhere, people are more and more fascinated. His small script and running script are really like aristocrats, but on his dignified chubby face, there are a pair of faint eyes and a pair of shallow dimples, which seem to smile so affectionately at you when people are not paying attention. This is unparalleled elegance. But this is a weakness. Mi Fei once commented that "Cai Xiangshu is like a young woman, with charming figure, slow pace and a lot of light", which is a bit harsh, but it also has some truth. This is Cai Xiang's fault. Cai is also weak in originality. However, the development of China's calligraphy was completed in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is unlikely to develop further. We shouldn't ask too much of Cai Xiang. & gt Cai Xiang once said: "Those who are good at writing in ancient times must learn the law first, and gradually become careless, which is also inseparable from reason. Zhang Zhihe Xu doesn't get weird very often. Out of pen and ink, there are more than enough to escape from God, but they are different from harmony. I probably know what it means in recent years, but my strength is not as good as others. (Chen Shiceng: Afternoon Collection of Paintings and Calligraphy in Past Dynasties) I especially recommend this passage to readers. According to my own writing experience for many years, to master the artistic language of calligraphy is basically to learn the method of opening letters, which is simply called "forever" by predecessors. They are the basic elements of calligraphy art language. & gt let's talk about Cai Jing again. Cai first "wanted to attach a name to Cai Xiang" and "called himself a brother", but failed. (Biography of Cai Xiang in Song Dynasty) Later, he became a scholar, attached to Cai Que, and rose all the way. Shortly after Hui Zong acceded to the throne, Cai Jing colluded with Tong Guan, courting him with Qiqi and calligraphy and painting, and soared. He is a surname. He has been in power for more than ten years, but in the end he betrayed his relatives? It became the first of the "six thieves" in the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Daguan (1 109), Hui Zong ordered Cai Jing and others to compile books and carve stones in Taiqing Building, which was called Daguan Post or Taiqing Pavilion Post. Cai Jing is in the photo at this time, not only writing the topic, but also waiting for an opportunity to attach his own works. Cai was abandoned by later generations less than a hundred years ago. Judging from the brush and ink in Daguan Tie, his book is careless and rough, with his pen biased towards his hand, and his jurisprudence is unprepared and skillful. Judging from the praise of Su Shi and others mentioned above, Cai Xiang was famous before his death, while Cai Jing was good at politics and had a great political climate, so it is more likely that Cai Jing will steal the name of Su Huang Camouflage.