1925 March 12, on the day of Sun Yat-sen's death, the body was sent to Union Medical College Hospital for pathological anatomy and antiseptic treatment. The operation was completed on March 15, and a "small funeral" was held on March 10. According to the etiquette of the Republic of China, people put on big dresses, hats and boots and then move into coffins.
Sun Yat-sen said before his death that he hoped to leave his body to the public like Soviet leader Lenin. So, on the second day after his death, the Kuomintang contacted the Soviet government to customize a "crystal coffin" for burying Lenin. However, the production and transportation of the "crystal coffin" will take some time, so we have to temporarily use an old American coffin from Union Medical College Hospital. This coffin is made of the best Daphne in the United States, with a glass partition, and you can pay tribute to Sun Yat-sen's remains. This is the "first coffin" and "first coffin".
In late March, the Soviet government transported the "crystal coffin" to China by train, but it failed to use it in the end. There have been rumors that the "crystal coffin" was damaged during transportation and could not be used. Some people say that the size of the "crystal coffin" is a little short for Sun Yat-sen's body, so it can't be used. In fact, there are two main reasons for not using the "crystal coffin" in the end. First, experts believe that it is only suitable for the cold and dry north, while in the hot and humid south, the remains can only be preserved for 20 years at most. Secondly, at this time, it has been found that the skin of Sun Yat-sen's body began to turn black because of the unsatisfactory initial antiseptic treatment, and it could not be preserved as long as hoped. There is no point in using a "crystal coffin", it can only be buried. Although the crystal coffin is not used, it should still be counted as the "second coffin".
Sun Yat-sen's coffin was moved to Biyun Temple as scheduled on April 2, and placed in the stone niche of King Kong Throne Tower. At the same time, another new China coffin was made by Union Medical College Hospital. On April 5th, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, relevant personnel opened the American Daphne coffin and repackaged Sun Yat-sen's body with a new China coffin. This coffin is made of nanmu, and the inner wall is made of corrosion-resistant aluminum. The coffin is filled with formalin solution to soak the body in order to achieve the purpose of anticorrosion. The upper part of the coffin is equipped with a glass cover, and the internal situation is observed, and then the nanmu coffin cover is covered. After burial, put it back in the stone niche. This is the second coffin of Sun Yat-sen's body, and China Nanmu coffin is the "third coffin".
The following story is extremely thrilling and tortuous, and it is full of fog.
During that time, China was in constant war, and the public security in Xishan area was not good, and there were often stragglers making trouble. In addition, there are rumors that Zhang and Zhang Zongchang think that the place where Sun Yat-sen stopped has good feng shui, which made the Northern Expeditionary Army win the battle, so only burning corpses can solve it. When they learned the news, the vigil was very nervous.
According to Li Rong, the person in charge of the wake at that time, he recalled afterwards that he had gone to the Union Medical College Hospital for help from Ruiheng Liu, the president, and planned to transfer Sun Yat-sen's coffin to the Union Medical College Hospital for preservation. Ruiheng Liu thought it was inappropriate and disagreed. Li Rong had to ask Ruiheng Liu to list the names of antiseptic potions, buy them at German pharmacies, and transport the American coffins (the "first coffin" mentioned earlier) stored in Sino-French middle schools back to Xishan.
1927165438+1At 2: 30 p.m. on October 25th (actually, it was the early morning of 26th), the corpse keeper secretly moved Sun Yat-sen's body from Nanmu coffin ("the third coffin") to American coffin ("the first coffin"), wrapped it with cotton liquid medicine and hid it in Bibi. This is the third burial of Sun Yat-sen's body.
1928 In the early summer, Zhang retreated to the northeast and was killed by the Japanese army in Huanggutun on June 4. On June 7th, Sun Yat-sen's body was moved back to Nanmu coffin ("the third coffin"). This is the fourth burial of Sun Yat-sen's body.
Think about it carefully, this "historical fact" seems to have many doubts.
One of the most important points is that using formalin to preserve the remains requires not only containers made of special materials, but also professional medical staff to configure and operate them. This kind of work is very difficult for a soldier-born wake. Not to mention "wrapped in cotton candy"-in this way, the body will inevitably come into contact with the air, how can it remain the same?
There is no record of Sun Yat-sen's body being moved to Shuiquanyuan in Records of Prime Minister Feng 'an and Records of Xiangshan Park published after the ceremony in August 20001year. The author once discussed with relevant people in Xiangshan Park the situation of the corpse carrier moving in those years, but thought it was impossible. If nothing else, just look at the cave of the fountain. Although the environment is quiet, it is not deep. Even if it is a strong action spirit, it is not necessarily hidden, but it is suspected of shattered glass. The idea of "moving the spirit" may be a tactic that the night watchman came up with in desperation: deliberately spreading rumors to make people think that Sun Yat-sen's body is no longer in Biyun Temple, so as to divert their attention.
Of course, these are just speculations. After all, more than 80 years have passed, and the truth of history is inevitably blurred.
1929 In May, the Nanjing government officially opened the curtain of the Feng 'an ceremony. At 2 pm on May 20th, Dr. Steven from Sun Ke Union Medical College Hospital came to Biyun Temple. With the help of the mourners, all the embalming liquid in the Nanmu coffin (the third coffin) in China was drained (related information was recorded as "protective oil", which showed that Sun Yat-sen's body was soaked in the embalming liquid, that is, "protective oil"), and Steven wiped it clean and bandaged it with a white bandage. This is the "fifth funeral".
At 7: 00 a.m. on the 22nd, the wedding reception commissioner directed the night watchman to move the coffin to the Puming Miaojue Hall in front of the King Kong throne tower. At about 8 o'clock, Soong Ching Ling and others arrived. Dr. Stephen, his assistants and nurses wrapped the body with white silk and cut and changed clothes for Sun Yat-sen. Originally, I was going to wear a Chinese tunic suit-this is the most suitable scheme, but the doctor is more experienced and says that people's body length is much shorter than before, and the Chinese tunic suit needs a majestic skeleton, which is not applicable. So in the end, they are all wrapped in white silk and put on robes and jackets in imitation of Muslim funerals.
After changing clothes, under the gaze of Soong Ching Ling and other family members, Sun Ke and others moved the body into another new coffin-a special American copper coffin. This coffin was specially ordered from the United States after 1925 decided to bury Sun Yat-sen. I arrived in Shanghai as early as August 1925 and deposited in the former residence of Sun Yat-sen on Xiangshan Road. 1927 transferred to Nanjing in May; 1928 65438+ arrived in Beiping in February. This is the sixth coffin and the fourth coffin of Sun Yat-sen's body.
1 1 days later, this copper coffin carrying Sun Yat-sen's body was placed in Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.