Zu Chongzhi’s classical Chinese articles and titles

1. "Reading Zu Chong's Classical Chinese Biography with Answers and Translations" Original text and translation of ancient poems

Author: Zu Chong's character is Wenyuan, Fan Yangqiu is also a native of Fan Yangqiu.

In order to reflect on the past, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty sent an envoy to Hualin to study the province and gave him a house, a car, and clothes. Xie Brown was engaged in Xuzhou in the south and joined the army in the government.

In the Jiazhong period of the First Yuan Dynasty, He Chengtian made the calendar, which is more secret than the ancient eleven. I thought it was still sparse, so I created a new method, as stated above.

Emperor Wu made it difficult for the courtiers who were good at it and could not give in. It will not be carried out after the death of Emperor Hui.

The previous position was the magistrate of Lou County, and those who visited him were servants. At the beginning, when Wu of the Song Dynasty was in Guanzhong, he got Yao Xing's compass. It had an outer shape but no mechanical stick. Every time it moved, it caused people to turn it inside.

During the rise of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Qi Gao assisted in the government and asked Chong to pursue the ancient methods. Chongzhi modified the copper machine, and the roundness was endless, and the directions were consistent, which was unprecedented since Ma Jun.

At that time, there were people from the north who were able to build a compass, so Emperor Gao sent him and Chong Zhi to build their own guide chariots. And burn it. During the Jin Dynasty, Du Yu had an ingenious idea to make a Qianqi ①, but failed after three modifications.

In the eternal time, Prince Jingling was very good at ancient times, so he made a pewter vessel to offer it, which was the same as in Zhou Temple. Prince Wenhui was in the East Palace. When he saw the calendar, Emperor Qi Wu implemented it.

Wen Hui died and went to bed again. He was transferred to the Changshui School Lieutenant and took charge of his duties.

Chongzhi created "Anbian Lun" in order to open up farmland and expand farming. During the construction of military affairs, Emperor Ming wanted to send Chongzhi to patrol all directions to build great undertakings that would benefit the people. However, the military alliance was not successful.

Chongzhijie Zhonglu Bosai② was unique at that time and could not be matched. Zhuge Liang had a wooden ox and a flowing horse, so he built a tool that would not be trapped by feng shui, and would move by itself without laboring on manpower.

He also built a thousand-mile ship and tried it on the Xinting River, traveling more than a hundred mornings a day. A water mill was built in Leyou Garden, and Emperor Wu personally came to see it.

He is also very good at calculating. He died in the second year of Yongyuan at the age of seventy-two.

Zi Xunzhi. Xun's name is Jingshuo, and he rarely passes down the family business, which is extremely subtle and also full of ingenuity.

When one is chosen to be in a state of ecstasy, there is nothing he can do about it. When the power is weak, the thunder cannot enter.

When I was walking, I encountered a servant shooting Xu Mian. I touched it with my head and Mian called out to enlighten me. The father's modification of He Chengtian's calendar had not yet been implemented. At the beginning of Liang Tianjian's reign, Xun revised it, and then it was implemented.

The position reaches Taizhouqing. ("Southern History·Wenxue Biography") Notes: ①Qi Qi: An ancient water container.

If there is less water, it will be tilted, if it is medium, it will be upright, and if it is full, it will overturn. The monarch can place it on the right side of his seat as a warning.

②Bose: Boxi, a game like chess. ③Ban, Jue: Ban, Luban; Jue, said to be the seven craftsmen of Shun.

④Tianjian: The reign name of Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasties. The "Yuanjia" in the previous article is the reign name of Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty; "Shengming" is the reign name of Emperor Shun of the Song Dynasty; "Yongming" is the reign name of Emperor Wu of the Qi Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty; "Yongyuan" is the reign name of Emperor Qi Donghun in the Southern Dynasty. Hou's reign.

1. Regarding the interpretation of the punctuated words in the following sentences, one of the incorrect ones is ( ) A. Emperor Wu ordered the court officials to experience the difficulties: to question B. Each line makes people turn inward. trip: run C. Wenhui died and went to bed again: put aside D. Chongzhijie Zhonglu Bosejie: ??insights 2. The dotted words in the following sentences have the same meaning as modern Chinese: ( ) A. Huidi collapses but not Implementation B. Not due to Feng Shui, use the opportunity to move by itself C. Rarely pass down the family business to the ultimate subtlety D. Revise it and then start doing it 3. The dotted words in the following sets of sentences have different meanings and usages. Item is ( ) A. It is a new law. The above statement said that King Hui was worried about it, so he ordered Zhang Yi to pretend to go to Qin. B. The circle was not endless, but the Secretary was able to see the end of the hair without seeing the end of the hair. C. When he was at a low level, the thunderbolt could not meet his anger, and he did not dare to sacrifice. D. Touched it with his head, and encouraged him to call out, so he realized how to use it to die. Zheng Yi accompanied his neighbor. 4. The following sentences are all in the middle, which all show that Zu Chongzhi is good at ingenuity. The group is ( ) ① Those who are good at experiencing it are difficult, ② Every line cannot be bent, so that people can turn inward ③ Make a slender vessel to offer it, ④ The wonders of entering the spirit are the same as those in Zhou temples, and they cannot be surpassed. Also ⑤ created "Anbian Lun" in order to open up farming ⑥ Emperor Gao of Qi assisted the government and asked Chong to pursue the ancient law A. ① ② ③ B. ① ③ C. ② ⑤ ??D. ④ ⑥ 5. The following analysis and summary of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect. One of them is ( ) A. Zu Chongzhi was a native of the Southern Dynasties and lived through the Song, Qi and other dynasties. His main scientific contributions were the formulation of a more precise calendar, the transformation of the compass, the construction of water mills, thousand-mile ships, etc. B. Although the calendar formulated by Zu Chongzhi was more precise than that of his predecessors, it was not implemented because of the death of Emperor Wu. It was later revised by his son before it was implemented.

C. Because the Zynan car passed down from ancient times had incomplete parts and could not operate normally, Zu Chongzhi modified it and made it more flexible in rotation and very accurate in indicating the direction. D. Zu Chongzhi was not only ingenious in making utensils, but also unparalleled in music and chess. He also had outstanding talents in farming and running the army. 2. Zu Chongzhi had one year in the first month of the year

Zu Chongzhi’s reading answer Zu Chongzhi’s courtesy name was Wenyuan, and his name was Fan Yangqiu.

In order to reflect on the ancient times, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty sent an envoy to Hualin to study the province and gave him a house, a carriage, and clothes. Xie Brown was engaged in Xuzhou in the south and joined the army in the government.

Emperor Wu made it difficult for the courtiers who were good at it and could not give in. It will not be carried out after the death of Emperor Hui.

During the rise of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Gao of Qi assisted in the government and asked Chong to pursue the ancient methods. Chongzhi modified the copper machine, making it endlessly round and smooth, which was unprecedented since Ma Jun.

At that time, there were people from the north who were able to build a compass. Emperor Gao and Chongzhi each built one, and they made it in Leyouyuan for the *** school examination. However, it was quite different and was destroyed. And burn it. During the Jin Dynasty, Du Yu had an ingenious idea to make a Qianqi ①, but failed after three modifications.

Wen Hui died and went to bed again. He was transferred to the Changshui School Lieutenant and took charge of his duties.

Chongzhijie Zhonglu Bosai② was unique at that time and could not be matched. Zhuge Liang had a wooden ox and a flowing horse, so he built a tool that would not be trapped by Feng Shui, and would move by itself without laboring on manpower.

He also built a thousand-mile ship and tried it on the Xinting River, traveling more than a hundred mornings a day. A water mill was built in Leyou Garden, and Emperor Wu personally came to see it.

He is also very good at calculating. He died in the second year of Yongyuan at the age of seventy-two.

Zi Xunzhi. Xun's name is Jingshuo, which means he rarely passes down the family business, which is extremely subtle and also full of ingenuity.

If you are chosen to be a god, there is nothing you can do wrong. When the power is weak, the thunder cannot enter.

The position reaches Taizhouqing. ("Southern History·Wenxue Biography") Note: ①Qi Qi: An ancient water container.

If there is less water, it will be tilted, if it is medium, it will be upright, and if it is full, it will overturn. The monarch can place it on the right side of his seat as a warning.

②Bose: Boxi, a game like chess. ③Ban, Jue: Ban, Luban; Jue, said to be the seven craftsmen of Shun.

1. Regarding the explanation of the punctuated words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is () A. Emperor Wu ordered the court officials to experience the difficulties: to question B. Each line makes people turn inwards. trip: run C. Wenhui died and went to bed again: put aside D. Chongzhijie Zhonglu Bosejie: ??insights 2. Among the dotted words in the following sentences, one of the meanings is the same as that in modern Chinese () A. Huidi collapses but not Implementation B. Not due to Feng Shui, use the opportunity to move by itself C. Rarely pass down the family business to the ultimate subtlety D. Revise it and then start doing it 3. The dotted words in the following sets of sentences have different meanings and usages. Item is () A. It is a new law. The above statement said that King Hui was worried about it, so he ordered Zhang Yi to pretend to go to Qin. B. The circle was not endless, but the Secretary was like a bright eye, which was enough to detect the end of the hair, but no public opinion was seen. C. When he was at a low level, the thunderbolt could not meet his anger, and he did not dare to sacrifice. D. Touched it with his head, and encouraged him to call out, so he realized how to use it to die. Zheng Yi accompanied his neighbor. 4. The following sentences are all in the middle, which all show that Zu Chongzhi is good at ingenuity. The group is () ① Those who are good at it are difficult to experience, ② Every line cannot be bent, so that people can turn inward ③ Make a vessel to offer it, ④ The wonders of entering the spirit are the same as those in Zhou temples, and they cannot be surpassed. Also ⑤ created "Anbian Lun" in order to open up farmland ⑥ Emperor Gao of Qi assisted the government and asked Chong to pursue the ancient law A.①②③ B.①③ C.②⑤ D.④⑥ 5. The following analysis and summary of the relevant contents of the original text are not The correct one is () A. Zu Chongzhi was a native of the Southern Dynasties and lived through the Song, Qi and other dynasties. His main contributions to science were the formulation of a more precise calendar, the transformation of the compass, and the construction of water mills and thousand-mile ships. B. Although the calendar formulated by Zu Chongzhi was more precise than that of his predecessors, it was not implemented because of the death of Emperor Wu. It was later revised by his son before it was implemented.

6. Read the following passage in classical Chinese and translate the underlined sentences in the text. Nowadays, if someone picks his neighbor's chicken every day, he may tell him: "This is not the way of a gentleman."

Say: "Please sacrifice it and pick one chicken every month to wait for the next year." As you know, The injustice has already happened, so why wait for the next year? ("Mencius·Teng Wen Gong") (1) Or tell him: "This is not the way of a gentleman."

(2) If you know that it is wrong, you are already here, how can you wait for the next year? ____ Reference answers 1.D (understand) 2.A (B) wind and water; C family tradition of learning; D at this time) 3.D (A adverbs, both mean inheritance, can be translated as "so". B conjunction , indicating a transition, translated as "but" or "but".

C Pronoun, used as the subject in the subject-predicate phrase, is translated as "he". D The former "Yi" is a preposition, and the latter one is used. "Yi" is a conjunction, indicating the result) 4.B② Talk about the situation of Yao Xing's compass; ④ Talk about Zu Chongzhi's son; ⑤⑥ do not belong to the aspect of "being good at ingenuity") 5.D (Zu Chongzhi only put forward some suggestions on farm planting The idea was not implemented; it was said that "he also has outstanding talents in serving as an official and running the army", which was not explained in the article) 6. (1) Someone told him: "This is not the behavior of a moral person.

(Key words: "or", "right or wrong") (2) If you know that doing so is unethical, you should stop quickly. Why wait until next year? (The first sentence focuses on "others" "Not right", the second sentence focuses on "quickly", and the third sentence focuses on the rhetorical question (explain it) Reference translation Zu Chongzhi, courtesy name Wenyuan, a native of Fanyangqiu County. Zu Chongzhi likes to examine ancient affairs and has skills and inspiration. (Southern Dynasties ) Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty asked him to be on duty at Hualinyuan Imperial College, and rewarded him with carriages, horses and clothing, and served as an official in South Xuzhou and joined the army.

During the Yuanjia period, the imperial court used the rules formulated by He Chengtian. The calendar was more rigorous than the ancient eleven. However, Zu Chongzhi thought it was not rigorous enough, so he made a new calendar and wrote a memorial to explain it.

People in Emperor Xiaowu's court who were good at calendars questioned him, but It was not difficult for him, but he could not implement it when Emperor Wu died. 3. Zu Chongzhi's Classical Chinese Mandrill

The mandrill was named after Zu Chongzhi's "Shu Yi Ji" in the original text. There is a god in Nankang called "Shandu", which is shaped like a human. , more than two feet long, with black eyes, red eyes, and yellow body. It builds a nest in a tree in the deep mountains. The nest is shaped like a solid bird egg, about three feet high, with a very lustrous interior and five bright colors. There are two stacks of them, connected in the center.

A native said: "The upper one is the male's house, and the lower one is the female's house. "Bang Xi's mouth was as usual, and his body was weak and light, quite like a wooden tube, with bird feathers as a mattress in the center.

This god can transform and become invisible, and its shape is rare. It can be built like a wooden guest or a mandrill. Gan Fifteen miles northwest of the county, there is an ancient pond, named Yugong pond, with a large catalpa tree, which can be around twenty. The two brothers, Xun Daoxu, felled the tree and returned home.

Shandu saw the shape and said to them, "I'm in the wilderness, so what's wrong with you?" How can there be countless giant trees available? The tree has my nest, so I cut it down. Now I will burn your house to repay you for your dishonesty. ”

In the middle of the second watch, a fire broke out in the inner and outer rooms, and the house was completely flooded. Notes 1. Run: luster; moistening.

2. Ta: overlap, meet, combine.

3. Turen: local people. 4. Pang: Tong "side". 5. Rugui: according to certain specifications (regulation). 6. Physique: body and. Quality; shape and texture.

The Three Kingdoms Wei Wangbi's "Book of Changes: Mingyao Tongbian": "If the same voice corresponds, the superior and the inferior do not have to be equal; if the same Qi pursues the same, the constitution does not have to be the same. ” ”

7. Xuqing: that is, light and empty. Light but not real.

8. Muke: The legendary mountain spirit monster may actually be a savage who has lived in the mountains for a long time. Because of the The world is isolated, so many ancient people had this idea.

Volume 884 of "Taiping Yulan" quotes Deng Deming of Jin Dynasty from "Nankang Ji": "The wooden guest's head, face, and voice are not completely different, but his hands and feet are not different. Like a sharp hook, there are high rocks and cliffs, and then you can live there. "Tang Pi Rixiu's poem "Sent to Yang Sheren in Qiongzhou": "When Bamboo met the King of Bamboo, he set up a memorial ceremony for him, and when he met a wooden guest, he moved home again. "

Su Shi of the Song Dynasty wrote "Ci Yun Ding Huiqin's Elder Seeing a Message" No. 2: "The pine flowers make fairy wine, and the wooden guests bring food from the mountains. Wang Shipeng's note quoted Zhao Cigong as saying: "Mu Ke are found in Guangnan. They mostly live in the trees and are like savages." "

Jin Yuanhao asked the poem "Farewell to the Poet Li Zhengfu": "When you travel to Congmu, don't let the ghosts in the mountains be your neighbors. "Xu Zan of the Qing Dynasty once wrote in his "Sui Yang Xing": "There are many wooden houses in the south of the river, and ancient trees are deep in the cave houses. "

Another theory refers to the name of the legendary bird, that is, the wooden guest bird. Volume 927 of "Taiping Yulan" quotes Han Yang Fu's "Foreign Objects": "The wooden guest bird is as big as a magpie. Thousands of birds form a flock, fly together in a controlled manner, and do not interact with other birds. People call them "wooden guests". "

Volume 2 of "Shu Yi Ji" written by Liang Renfang of the Southern Dynasties: "There are wood guest birds in Luling, as big as magpies, flocking by the hundreds, and do not rest with other birds. As the saying goes, they are the ancient wood guest birds. do. "9. Mandrill: animal name.

Monkey genus. Baboon and the like.

The body is about three feet long, with a large head and long face, small and concave eyes, a dark red nose, and two The cheeks are blue and purple with wrinkles, the abdomen is gray-white, and there is a large red spleen callus on the buttocks. The tail is very short and upward, with sharp long teeth. It is ferocious in nature and extremely ugly in appearance.

Ancient legends believe that mountain monsters are also called "mountain Xiao", "mountain smell", "mountain reel", etc., and their descriptions vary.

Tang Daifu's "Guangyi Ji·Banzi": "Mandrills are found in Lingnan, with one leg turned back to the heel and three divergent limbs. The females like to apply makeup.

In "Make a nest in a big tree." Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Send a Man to be Demoted to the Magistrate of Xinzhou": "The poisonous sand on the bank of the stream hides the water crossbow, and the mandrill is hidden under the dead tree at the top of the city." 》Poetry: "There are few people in wild stores and mandrills talk, and lychees are abundant in remote barbarian villages." Zhang Binglin's "噀伧文": "Don't be a mandrill, rats and dogs steal."

10. Wai: refers to One person hugs each other. 11. County seat: the seat of the county, the location of the county ***.

"History of the Ming Dynasty·Li Xi Biography": "Liuzhou Huaiyuan is surrounded by Yao, Tong, Ling, and Dong, and the Yao are especially rugged. They invaded the county for a long time, and the officials and people settled in the county."

"You Mei Bi Quan Ji" written by Yao Nai of the Qing Dynasty: "The northwest of Tongcheng is surrounded by mountains for hundreds of miles, and the county is flat." 12. Seeing the form: that is, "current", showing the original shape.

13. Today: It will be now. 14. Report: reply; reply.

By extension, revenge. 14. Wudao: originally refers to tyranny and lack of moral governance.

This refers to something that is contrary to common sense or unreasonable. 15. One moment: one time; all of a sudden.

15. Shared house: whole family. 16. Dangding: Nothing left.

Translation: There is a god named Shandu in Nankang. He looks like a human and is more than two feet tall. He has black skin, red eyes, yellow hair, and is covered in yellow hair. He lives in a nest in a tree in the mountains. The shape of the nest is like a hard bird's egg, more than three feet high. The inside is very moist and shiny, with five distinct colors. The two nests are stacked on top of each other and connected in the center. The locals said: "The one above is the house of the male god, and the one below is the room of the male god."

The exits were opened according to certain regulations, and the shape and texture of the nest were light and unreliable. , much like a wooden tube, with bird feathers used as a mattress in the middle. This kind of god can become invisible, so few people have seen his appearance. He is probably an animal like a savage or a baboon.

Fifteen miles northwest of Gan County, there is an ancient pond called Yugong Pond. There are large catalpa trees on it, about twenty surroundings. When the tree grows old, a hollow appears in the middle, and there is a mountain god. Make a nest inside. In the first year of Yuanjia of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties, two brothers, Ai Daoxun and Ai Daoxu, two people who lived in the county where the county government was located, cut down this big tree.

Bring home the nest of the Sandus God in the middle. The god of Shandu showed his true form and said to the two of them: "I am in the wilderness. What's going on? The big trees can be used, but how can I count them? There is my nest in this tree, but you cut down a bunch of them." .

Now I will burn down your house to retaliate for your unreasonable behavior. ”

At the second watch that night, they went to their house. A fire suddenly broke out in the house outside, and the whole family was completely destroyed by the fire. 4. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions Mandrill ① [Southern Dynasty Qi] Zu Chongzhi Song Yuan Jiachu

Answers to the test questions: Question 1: Question C 2: Question B 3: Question 4 C: (1) I went to see it the next day and saw that the piece of wood was in the fence again, and the crab trap was damaged again as before.

(Score points: "Ming", the next day, 1 point; "Defeat", broken, 1 point; 1 point for correctness) (2) Put the wood into the crab pot and tie it to the crab pot. He went home on his shoulder pole and said: "I will split you open with an ax when I get home and burn you." (Points: "Nei", which is connected with "Na", 1 point; "axe", a noun used as an adverbial, is used as an axe, 1 point; 1 point for being careless and correct) (3) Open the cage and let me go. I am the mountain god. If you let me go, I can help you and keep your crab cage intact and full of crabs every time.

(Score points: phase, you, pointing to one side, 1 point; "complete", making... intact, 1 point; 1 point for the correct idea.).

(1) Annotate the following words with the pronunciations plan ( bào ) and jué ( jué ) (2) It can be seen from the text that ancient Chinese scientists have two characteristics, one is (innovative spirit) , the second is (noble moral character), it can be seen that the central argument of this article is (must have innovative spirit). (3) Why did Zu Chongzhi plan the floor of his living room bare? What did you feel from it? _In order to calculate pi. I feel his spirit of excellence, hard work and contribution to the people. (4) What examples are used in the article to prove that Chinese people have had an innovative spirit since ancient times? What other examples can you add? __Zu Chongzhi calculated pi. Events: In order to increase the printing speed, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing; in order to write better, Cai Lun improved papermaking; and invented gunpowder and the compass.