Filial piety queen Wang, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, is the daughter of Yongnian Bo. Wanli entered the palace in 6 years and spent 42 years in Kunning Palace. His life is calm and peaceful. In the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620), he died on April 6th. Posthumous title filial piety queen. Queen Wang Xiaojing, a native of Hebei, has a father of 100 royal guards. Wanli entered the palace in 6 years and served the Empress Dowager Cisheng. Emperor Wanli gave birth to Prince Zhu Changluo. In the thirty-ninth year of Wanli, the imperial concubine was buried at the bottom of Hiraoka, Tokyo, and the stepmother of Guangzong (Zhu Changluo) was the Empress Dowager. However, etiquette failed and Guangzong died. Xizong (Zhu Youxiao) succeeded to the throne, chased his grandmother as Empress Dowager Xiaojing, and moved to Dingling Underground Palace for burial.
In the 11th year of Wanli (AD 1583), Emperor Wanli, who was only 2l years old, began to choose his own mausoleum site when offering sacrifices to the mausoleum. Dingling was founded in the 12th year of Wanli (AD 590). Worth 8 million taels of silver. Nowadays, most of the ground buildings in Dingling have been destroyed, and Baocheng, Minglou and Baoding are well preserved. As usual, there is no word on the tablet of Shengde in the shrine before Dingling, so it is called a tablet without words. "The top of the tablet is carved with a dragon hand plate, and the bottom of the tablet is carved with sea lines. The pedestal is a stone seal with head held high, which is said to be one of the nine sons of the dragon. There are no epitaphs in the Ming Tombs except Changling. Historians believe that the existence of the stele without children in the Ming Tombs has a lot to do with Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. The inscriptions on the imperial tombs in the early Ming Dynasty were all written by the heirs. The inscription on the epitaph of Nanjing Xiaoling Mausoleum was written by Judy, the founder of Nanjing City. The inscription on the epitaph of Beijing Changling was written by Renzong Zhu Gaochi. Among the Ming Tombs, there are no stone pavilions in front of the six tombs of Xian, Jing, Yu, Mao, Tai and Kang, so there is no heir to write. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1536), the tablet pavilion and stone tablet of Liuling were built one after another, which should be carved by Emperor Jiajing. However, Emperor Jiajing was addicted to debauchery. In order to live long, he was too busy with alchemy to take care of it. So the six monuments are empty. Because there was no word on the memorial tablet in front of the ancestral grave in the mausoleum after Yongling, the emperors were happy not to write it. In addition, after the mid-Ming dynasty, the emperor had no political achievements. He can't erect a monument if he doesn't whitewash it. If you whitewash it, it will violate the ancestral training, so there will be no words at all. "
Lingenmen and Lingentang in Dingling were seriously damaged when the Qing soldiers entered the customs. At present, the two high stone platforms that can be seen in Dingling are Lingenmen Site and Lingentang Site.
Lingen Hall, also known as Xiang 'an Hall, is the place where the emperor and his entourage held sacrificial ceremonies. Lingenmen is located in front of Lingentang. There were seven original buildings in front of Ling 'en Temple, which were destroyed after the Qing soldiers entered the customs. During the Qianlong period, Emperor Qianlong carried out a restorative repair to win the hearts of the people. Using local materials, it was reduced to a hall with five rooms. It was destroyed later, so today there are only ruins.
There is an exhibition room in front of the Ming building. The south side is the first showroom, which mainly displays the funerary objects of Emperor Wanli, and the north side is the second showroom, which mainly displays the funerary objects of the two Empresses.
Ming Lou is a stone structure building decorated with colored paint, so it and Baocheng have never been seriously damaged, and even become the best preserved building on the ground of Dingling. On the yellow glazed tile of the Ming building, there is a tall stone watch engraved with the word "Dingling". The inscription on the Ming building is engraved with the word "Daming". The Ming building is connected with Baocheng, which is a circular wall made of city bricks, and there is an artificial mound in the middle, which is the tomb of the imperial tomb, called Baoding. Below the top of the treasure is the underground palace.
Dingling is the only tomb in the Ming Tombs to excavate the underground palace.
1955 10, Wu Han, Guo Moruo, Fan, Deng Tuo, contradiction and others wrote to the State Council, suggesting that the Ming Tombs should be excavated, and with the approval of the central authorities, the Changling Excavation Committee should be established, with Bai as the vice captain respectively. On May 19, 1956, Dingling was officially excavated. First, the first deep ditch was dug inside the wall of Baocheng, just outside the wall where the coupon door was exposed. In the excavation, the tunnel door of Dingling was found, and there was a stone tablet in the door, and a stone tablet was engraved in the gate of Baocheng. The palm rope of the tunnel is placed one foot inside the city soil lining, and the rope is 34 feet long, which is the front skin of King Kong. Due to various reasons, the tunnel door was not opened from the outside, so this stone tablet was not discovered in time, but was discovered after the underground palace was opened and the tunnel door was arranged, which missed the excellent opportunity to open Dingling. 1July 6, 956, in order to reduce the amount of earthwork excavation and cut down the pine and cypress trees in Baoding as little as possible, according to the direction indicated by the tunnel, members of Dingling Excavation Committee dug a second trench directly behind the Ming building, facing Baoding, but found nothing. The excavation work was blocked. With the widening of the trench, on September 2, migrant worker Luan Shihai found a small stone tablet with the inscription "This stone is sixteen feet in front of the King Kong wall and three feet and five feet deep". Scary people think this is the key to Dingling underground palace, so it has become the first precious cultural relic unearthed since Dingling was excavated. Soon after, according to the direction indicated by the small stone tablet, archaeologists dug a third trench on the west side of the second trench, perpendicular to it, two meters apart, and aimed at the underground center of Baoding. Finally, the seal of the King Kong Wall was found on May 19, l957, and the city brick with the Gui-shaped seal was demolished on September 19 of that year. On the morning of June 5th, l957 10, Qichang Zhao and others removed the natural stone from the top door with iron wires and wooden boards, thus opening the door of the underground palace, which had been sleeping for 337 years. It has been proved by excavation that Dingling underground palace has no organs to stab people in the back, no living people to be buried with them, and no theft.
The whole Dingling underground palace adopts the architectural technique of stone coupons, which can be described as an underground beamless hall. The underground palace is 27 meters deep with a total area of 1 195 square meters. It is the most important part of the mausoleum and consists of five halls: front, middle, back, left and right. There is a stone coupon door with the same structure between the front, middle and back halls, all carved out of white marble. The bronze pipe fan placed horizontally on the door leaf weighs 10 ton, which firmly supports the door pivot, so that the center of gravity of the stone gate is biased towards the door axis, so even if the white marble door looks heavy, it can still be opened and closed freely under this arrangement. After closing the door, it is much more difficult to open the door from the outside with a natural stone against the door from the inside out. The ground is paved with bricks. There are two tunnels on the left and right sides of the middle hall, which lead to the left and right affiliated halls respectively. The tunnel is also equipped with stone gates, and the stone used is bluestone. The form is the same as that of the front hall, but the method is simpler and slightly smaller than that of the front hall. The coffin bed in the middle is made of white marble and covered with gold bricks. The building of the Empress Dowager's Mausoleum in the underground palace is quite different in the height of the gate, the width of the passage and the specifications of the coffin bed, which vividly embodies the strict regulations under the concept that men are superior to women in China's feudal ethics.
In the Dingling underground palace, the front hall and two attached halls are not furnished.
The central hall, also known as the central hall, is located in the center of the four rooms. There are white marble shrines of Emperor Wanli and two Empresses at the bottom. Before the Three Gods, there were five offerings of yellow glass and a blue-and-white Yunlong porcelain jar made in Jiajing period. Large porcelain pots are ever-burning lamps. The white marble throne is the same as that used by the queen before her death. There are faucets carved on the backrest and armrest of the throne of Emperor Wanli, symbolizing the majesty of the emperor. The pedestal of the queen carved out the limelight, symbolizing the dignity of the queen. The original exhibits of the three shrines are arranged in a zigzag pattern in the central hall. After the opening visit, it will be displayed side by side for the convenience of tourists.
Houdian, also called Houdian or Imperial Palace, is the main hall of Xuangong. The four walls of the back room are built with stone bars, and the top is a stone arch coupon. The indoor floor is paved with fangporphyry. There is a coffin bed against the wall in the middle. The coffin bed is sumitomo-style, covered with mottled stones and inlaid with white marble. There is a rectangular hole in the center of the coffin bed, which is filled with loess in the middle (loess is the first shovel to take holes), which is called the golden well. Jinjing plays a very important role in the Ming and Qing emperors' tombs. When the "Millennium Auspicious Land" is selected, Mr. Feng Shui will begin to point out the location of the golden well. The next task is to dig gold wells and determine engineering geology. In the whole design, the golden well is the benchmark to control the cutting pattern of the whole underground palace and mausoleum building. Jade is buried in and around the coffin, or in the mouth of the deceased. "Jinjing Jade Burial is the highest-ranking funeral in feudal times.
There are coffins of Emperor Wanli and two Empresses on the coffin bed. Located in the middle of Jinjing, there is the Emperor Zigong, the Emperor Wanli of Daxing, the coffin of the Empress Dowager on the left and the coffin of the Empress Dowager on the right. On both sides of the coffin bed, there are 26 painted wooden boxes filled with funerary objects.
More than 3,000 pieces of various cultural relics were unearthed in Dingling, including various ceremonial crowns of the emperor and various rock-jumping penguins of the queen. Empress's clothes, fabrics, jewelry, jade belts, Yu Pei, clothing, ritual vessels, gold and silver ingots, weapons, porcelain, funerary objects, etc. Everything seems to be shining.
Crown: The noblest ceremonial crown of ancient emperors. Two crowns of gods were unearthed in Dingling, one in its coffin and the other in the burial box. The hat part of the crown is round, covered with black gauze and lined with red silk. Zhu Yijun's double crown system is a precious cultural relic.
Wing crown: It is said that this kind of hat was invented by Li Shimin. There are three winged crowns unearthed in Dingling, two black wings and one golden wing, of which the golden wing is the most exquisite. This golden wing crown weighs 862g and is made of 5 18 gold wires with a diameter of 0.2mm, which can be described as pure gold. Woven patterns are even, light and transparent, like wings and yarns.
Costume: One of the highest grade costumes of ancient emperors. Five clothes were unearthed in Dingling, including three embroideries and two silks. Each dress is decorated with twelve chapters and twelve dragons. Among these clothes, two silk products are extremely precious. They use a lot of red and gold round threads to weave weft yarns and peacock feathers into patterns. The combination of dozens of colors of colored velvet and silk thread makes the clothes full of color and noble and luxurious. The weaving art of silk reeling is very complex and precise, and the weaving materials used in these two clothes are extremely rare, so it is more extraordinary and noble.