The development of Rong's enterprises is the epitome of the development of China's national capitalist enterprises. Read the following materials and answer the questions:
Material 1 In 1902, the Rong brothers prepared to invest in setting up a factory. Rong Desheng said: "Food is the most important thing for the people. The quality of machine-made flour is fine and white, and it will definitely replace soil flour." He could not forget seeing the ships on the Hong Kong pier loaded with flour. The flour was shipped from the United Kingdom and the United States. of. "Foreigners use the excuse that 'foreigners eat it', and the court does not tax flour. It is profitable to open a flour mill." Material 2 Where to raise money to start an industry? The Rong brothers went around recruiting shareholders, and it was very difficult to raise the money to set up the factory... (On the day they were about to break ground, the county government issued a notice. Wuxi gentlemen jointly informed the Baoxing Flour Factory that it "enclosed public land and private land without permission". "Within the boundary", and erecting chimneys next to the ancient city will definitely "damage Feng Shui and harm the style of writing". The magistrate's order ordered the powder factory to relocate... Due to insufficient technology, low powder quality, and conservative thinking, the sales of Baoxing powder were not smooth. In less than a month since the start of the operation, thousands of bags of powder have been accumulated.
Material 3 The First World War broke out in Europe. The Western powers were busy with the war and were unable to go east. They also ordered large quantities of flour from China. Rong Zongjing saw the signs of great development in the flour industry and lost no time in expanding it. In the eight years from 1914 to 1922, the Wuxi Maoxin system developed into 4 factories, and the Shanghai Fuxin system developed into 8 factories, with a daily flour output of 8.6%. More than 10,000 bags accounted for 29% of the country's total flour output at that time. Rong's Enterprise has firmly held the crown of "flour king". Rong Zongjing was not satisfied with the title of "flour king". He concentrated his efforts on advancing into the gauze industry. In 1922, the number of flour mills and cotton mills operated by the Rong brothers reached 16.
Material 4 After the 1920s, Rong's enterprise entered a difficult situation to maintain its business. The cotton yarn output of factories one to four of the Shenxin Textile System declined and suffered losses, and the output of flour mills also dropped sharply.
——Yang Xu "The Rong Brothers"
(1) According to material 1, combined with the textbook, explain why the Rong brothers invested in setting up factories and established industries in 1902? Why invest in flour industry in the first place?
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(2) Based on material 2, tell us what difficulties the Rong brothers encountered in the process of establishing the industry?
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(3) In Material 3, in what aspects is the development of Rong's enterprise reflected? Based on the knowledge you have learned, what are the social conditions for the rapid development of Rong's enterprises during this period? Why was the development of Rong's enterprises hindered in the 1920s?
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(4) The class will publish a blackboard newspaper to introduce the history of the development of modern national enterprises. Please give the above material a title.
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Question type: Material question Difficulty: Moderately difficult Source: 0110 Final question
Answer (find homework answer---gt; gt; 上魔Square)
(1) The main reasons for establishing industry in 1902 are: ① Influenced by the idea of ????industry saving the country, industry can make the country prosperous and save the national crisis; ② During the period of Shanghai, Hong Kong and Guangdong, foreign investment was seen The company has made a lot of profits and believes that it can make a lot of money by running an industry. The first reason for investing in the flour industry is: ① The Qing government stipulated that the flour industry can be tax-free; ② The Eight-Power Allied Forces' war of aggression against China destroyed agriculture, and there was a food shortage in the north. At the same time, the coalition forces in China mainly focused on pasta, which made the flour market huge; ③ Investment Small and effective.
(2) ① Funding issues ② Local feudal gentry forces sabotaged and obstructed the construction of the factory. They believed that the factory destroyed local stability and destroyed Feng Shui. ③Sales problems.
(3) First, the scale of the factory has expanded, second, the number of workers has greatly increased, and third, the development from the flour industry to the textile industry. The reasons for the rapid development are: (1) The Republic of China promulgated a series of policies to support agriculture and mulberry and reward industry, which greatly encouraged the Rong brothers’ enthusiasm for developing industry; (2) Seizing the imperialist countries’ busy war during World War I , which eased the export of Chinese goods and provided a favorable opportunity for the Chinese people to launch a patriotic movement to boycott foreign goods.
The reasons for the obstacles in the 1920s: (1) Imperialism made a comeback and intensified its economic aggression against China; (2) Warlords were fighting and the current situation was turbulent.
(4) "Omitted".