The Pyramids of Egypt were built 4,500 years ago and were the tombs of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs (i.e. kings) and queens. The mausoleum is a square cone-shaped building built with huge stones. Because its shape resembles the Chinese character "金", it is translated as "pyramid". So far, 110 pyramids of various sizes have been discovered in Egypt, most of which were built during the ancient Egyptian dynasty. Among the pyramids discovered in Egypt, the largest and most famous is the Three Generations Pyramid located on the Giza Highlands southwest of Cairo. They are the Great Pyramid (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu), the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure. Together with the numerous small pyramids around them, they form a pyramid group, which is the pinnacle of Egyptian pyramid architectural art.
The Great Pyramid is the largest existing pyramid in Egypt and is known as "one of the seven wonders of the ancient world." It was built during the reign of Khufu, the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt (about 2670 BC). It was originally 146.59 meters high. Due to the peeling off of the top, it is now 136.5 meters high. The four slopes of the tower face the southeast, northwest and northwest. The tower base is square in four directions, each side is about 230 meters long, covering an area of ??52,900 square meters. The tower body is composed of 2.3 million huge stones, which vary in size and weigh from 1.5 tons to 160 tons, with an average weight of about 2.5 tons. According to research, it took 100,000 people and 20 years to build the Great Pyramid.
The second largest pyramid was built in the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (about 2575 BC to 2465 BC). ) is the tomb of Khafre, the fourth pharaoh, so it is called the Pyramid of Khafre. The tower is 143.5 meters high. The world-famous Sphinx is right next to the Pyramid of Khafre. It is said that the human face is an imitation of Khafre. For a long time, due to excessive humidity and poor ventilation in the pyramid, cracks appeared in the walls of the tomb chamber. In 1992, the Khafre Pyramid experienced another earthquake with a magnitude of 5.4 and was partially damaged. After more than two years of comprehensive renovation, it reopened in July 2001.
The base of the Menkaure Pyramid is 108.5 meters long, and the tower is 66.5 meters high. In 1839, a British explorer opened the pyramid for the first time and found a granite sarcophagus and the mummy of the pharaoh in the tomb. However, the ship carrying these cultural relics encountered an accident on its way back to the UK, and the sarcophagus and mummies sank into the Atlantic Ocean.
In early 1993, when archaeologists were inspecting the pyramid area in Giza Province, they unexpectedly discovered a large-scale There are more than 160 ancient tombs in the ancient tombs. The hieroglyphics in the tombs record the construction of the pyramids. There are paintings on the tomb walls, which vividly show the conditions during the construction of the pyramid. This group of ancient tombs have various shapes and materials. Some tombs are in the shape of pyramids, some are in the shape of round arches, and some are in the shape of rectangular flat tops and slopes. There are three main types of materials: adobe, basalt and granite. In order to further study the newly discovered ancient tombs, the Egyptian Ministry of Culture has set up a scientific research team, and the mystery of the pyramid builders will be further revealed. In July 1996, Egypt decided to open the four pyramids in Dashul, about 35 kilometers south of Cairo.
Two of these four pyramids were built for Pharaoh Safro of the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt nearly 4,600 years ago. One of them has a unique shape and is called the "Bent Pyramid" or "Bent Pyramid". The "folded pyramid" has a square base with a side length of 188 meters and a height of about 98 meters. Its peculiarity is that it has two slopes on each side. Archaeologists have discovered that during construction, the ancient Egyptians first built at an inclination of 54 degrees. After reaching a certain height, they changed to an inclination of 43 degrees and continued to build upwards until completion. In this way, the four sides of the pyramid look curved. Another pyramid built for King Safro was made of reddish limestone, hence its name, the "Red Pyramid." In August 1996, Egyptian archaeologists accidentally discovered two rare stone statues of Ramses II while cleaning the base of the Menkaure Pyramid near the Giza Pyramids in the southwest of Cairo. cultural relics related to the world.
The two newly discovered stone statues are located next to the third great pyramid, the Kawula Pyramid. They are carved on the same stone, 3.5 meters high and weighing about 4 tons. One of them reflects the true face of Ramses II, and the other combines the statues of Ramses II and Hora Ukhti. Ramesses II was a famous pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (approximately 1304 BC - 1237 BC)
The Pyramid of Giza is a cultural relic from the Old Kingdom of Egypt (3200 BC - 2270 BC). Ramesses II lived in the New Kingdom of Egypt (1560 BC - 1100 BC). Archaeological experts believe that this important discovery may help people reveal more secrets of the pyramid area.
In the past ten years, the large number of tourists visiting the pyramid has increased the humidity and chemical substances inside the pyramid, thus damaging the stability of the pyramid. In order to better protect the precious monuments of the pyramids, in April 1995, the Egyptian government declared 1995 as the year of protecting the pyramids.
The Egyptian pyramids developed from the early royal tomb Mastaba Tomb. The history of building pyramids spans 10 dynasties from the Third Dynasty to the Thirteenth Dynasty. The pyramids shine with the wisdom and power of the ancient Egyptian people. To this day, the large-scale, magical and majestic pyramids still leave many unsolved mysteries. The mysterious Egyptian pyramids have attracted many scientists, archaeologists and historians to explore, as well as countless tourists from all over the world for sightseeing.