Zhengjue Mountain is the highest mountain in the east of Chengdu, with an altitude of 534 meters. It looks like a dragon and is said to be the best place for ordinary people to practice Feng Shui.
According to Ming History, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had 26 sons. Except the Prince and Prince Nan, the other 24 sons were divided into provinces. Among them, 1 1 Chun Zhu, the son of the emperor, was a vassal of Shu. He was the first generation of Shu King in Ming Dynasty, and was called Shu King. Zhu Chunzi died early, and he himself died in Yongle for twenty years. He was succeeded by his eldest grandson Zhu Youyan, who was the king of Shu and Jing. King Jing of Shu died, and because he had no children, his younger brother Wang You of Luojiang succeeded him as King Shu. Nuo Wang died young at the age of 26. Wang Nuo had no children. For the sake of peace, his uncle Baoning Jude Wong became the king of Shu. From the time Shu became king to the end of Ming Dynasty, there were 13 kings in Shu. According to Sichuan Tongzhi, King Xian of Shu and King Jing were buried in Tianhui Mountain in the northern suburb of Chengdu, while King Nuo was buried in Zhengjue Mountain in the eastern suburb of Chengdu. Later generations of Chu Huaiwang, Duan Wang, Qianjiang Wang, Nanchuan Wang and Wenchuan Wang were also buried nearby.
Because there are no buildings on the ground of Shu tombs, they have been buried underground for many years. With the passage of time, people gradually don't know the specific burial place of Shu tomb. So, how was the tomb of King Shu discovered by accident?
1978, a middle school in the eastern suburb of Chengdu razed a large mound with a width of 7 meters and a length of about 30 meters to the ground to build a teaching building. Then they dug a hole and poured water into it to stir the gypsum, only to find that the water kept leaking down. The workers dug deeper and saw a large ancient tomb. After detailed textual research, the museum staff found that the owner of the tomb was Shu, because there was a biography of the king of Daming Shu Nuo in the tomb, saying that he was an "upright and virtuous man" before his death. He sat on the throne of Shu for only one year and nine months and died of "wind disease".
The tomb of Nuo King was the earliest discovered and excavated tomb of Shu King in Ming Dynasty. The underground palace of the mausoleum completely imitates the early ground buildings of Shu, and is scaled down to a depth of 9 meters underground, which is an underground palace-style building imitating wood structure. The underground palace building is standardized by quadrangles with three entrances and three halls, and is symmetrically arranged according to the central axis.
The underground palace is 3 1.7m long, 5.5m high and 6.7m wide, and consists of a splayed wall, a gate, a vestibule, an anteroom, an atrium, a main hall, a back court, a back hall, a bedroom, a screen wall and an end wall from front to back. There are attached halls on both sides of the front, middle and back courtyards, and left and right ear rooms on both sides of the front of the bedroom. In the center of the bedroom, there is a sarcophagus bed engraved with dragon play beads and moire patterns, and there is a green glass screen wall inlaid with dragon play beads painted pottery hollow sculptures behind the coffin bed. The main building components in the tomb are carved with high-quality bluestone. Before entering the underground palace, there were dozens of stone steps, and the local monument stood in the front hall of the underground palace, describing Wang Nuo's martial arts. The five-claw dragon carved on the tablet surpassed the treatment of the four-claw dragon of Wang Hou at that time, symbolizing the supreme imperial power and showing the emperor's special courtesy to the king of Shu.
The carved wooden doors and windows in the underground palace are beautifully carved, and the top of the coffin room is covered with bougainvillea, peony and Xiangyun lotus, which have both form and spirit and have their own charm. There are blue tiles, glazed arches, ridged beasts and other artifacts all over the tomb, completely imitating the court pattern of Shu, which is magnificent, ingenious and beautiful. The walls, doors, columns and beams of the whole tomb are painted with vermilion, and the red walls and green tiles complement each other and are magnificent.
At the center of the top of the underground palace is a huge round wheel pattern, which is composed of three concentric rings: outer, middle and inner. It is painted with colored pigments, which is obviously Tibetan style. Between the outer ring and the central ring, it is divided into eight grids, and each grid is engraved with a lotus petal, in which eight kinds of treasures, such as Bao Umbrella, Goldfish, Aquarius, Miaolian, Dexter Conch, Lucky Knot, Victory Tower and Golden Wheel, are engraved respectively. The center of the inner ring is decorated in Sanskrit, called "Xiang Xing" in Tibetan, and there are three small figures of the sun, the moon and the bright spot on the left. The whole figure is cleverly conceived, and the top of eight lotus leaves between the outer ring and the middle ring just forms a tray for holding three lotus flowers. With the symbolic meaning of Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan stone carvings in Nuo tombs show two meanings, one is the sacrifice and blessing to the dead, and the other is the implication that the dead have ascended to heaven and will always be in a clean and auspicious environment under the protection of Buddhism.
Why did Shu Wang of Han nationality adopt some Tibetan customs at the funeral? Some scholars believe that this is related to the historical era in which Wang Nuo lived and the special position of Sichuan in cultural and economic exchanges between Tibet and China. The imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty believed in Tibetan Buddhism enthusiastically. Sichuan is close to Tibetan areas, and there are more opportunities to contact Tibetan monks and Tibetan Buddhism. It is not surprising that Shu Wang believes in Tibetan Buddhism. Scholars even speculate that since the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the royal family and emperors have practiced the secret law in large quantities because some methods of "taking wonderful desires as the Tao" in the practice of the secret law are easily used by rulers who have no worries about food and clothing and extravagant enjoyment. After Shu, she lived in seclusion and enjoyed herself, because it not only filled her empty mind and found the sustenance of her thoughts, but also met her needs in troubled times. Wang Nuo lived only 26 years old, which may be related to his dissolute life or his wrong practice of Tantric Buddhism. At least, Nuozong loved Tibetan Buddhism tantra very much before his death.
199 1 Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway is under intense construction, and the highway passes through Baihe Village, Honghe Town. When a shallow hill named Dongshan was leveled, another tomb of King Shu was found. Archaeologists infer from the unearthed cultural relics that this is the tomb of Zhu, the eighth generation king of Shu. Zhu/Kloc-acceded to the throne at the age of 0/5 and died at the age of 29, with outstanding achievements. King of Zhao Monument is a couple's grave. The ground buildings were destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty, and the underground palace was also damaged to some extent. The mausoleum is also an imitation of the palace of Shu. The tomb is composed of front hall, middle hall and bedroom, and the plane is rectangular trapezoid. The nave was divided into two parallel spaces, and Zhao Haoqi and his princess were buried in the order of male left and female right. In the center of the tomb, an exquisite screen wall carved with two dragons' playing beads is particularly eye-catching. Because the dragon head of the screen wall resembles a human figure, it is said to be more like Zhu Yuanzhang. Some scholars believe that such a sculpted dragon has never been seen in China.
After the excavation of King of Zhao Monument was completed, the local cultural relics department moved it to the side of Wangluoling and officially opened it to the outside world.
Now that two tombs have been discovered, are there other Shu tombs in the surrounding area?
Generally speaking, the ancients preferred to be buried in places with mountains and water behind them, so archaeologists became interested in a low-lying land on the south side of Nuo tomb. They think that the low-lying land is the dragon head, and the north is adjacent to Shiling Town. The terrain around the depression is undulating, and there is a raised ridge on the west side of the depression, which looks like a dragon ridge from a distance. According to historical records, the low-lying land is actually Qinglong Lake in Ming Dynasty, which is a huge lake. Later, with the passage of time, the water surface gradually narrowed and became a swamp, and today it has become cultivated land.
Since it is a lake, it is possible that other tombs of Shu kings were buried around the lake at that time, so the mounds around the lowlands deserve careful investigation. /kloc-in the summer of 0/995, archaeologists discovered three tombs of Shu kings, two tombs of county kings and three tombs of princesses. Together with the two tombs discovered before, the name of "Ten Tombs" in local folklore probably comes from this.
Some newly discovered tombs are distributed by the lake, and the broad Shinto in front of the tomb leads directly to the lake. Some are located on or behind the mounds around the lake shore, facing the mountains and water; Some are miles away from the lake, echoing other graves. Experts made a detailed textual research on the identity of the tomb owner according to the physical objects and documents, and reached a general conclusion. Whether it is really true or not can only be finally decided after digging in the future.
Lying quietly outside the eastern suburbs of Chengdu, the tomb of Shu Wang in Ming Dynasty is still so mysterious and strange. Once excavated, it will cause a great sensation.