overall system
As a complete science, holistic system theory came into being in this century. As a simple method, the sages of China began to use it very early. Geomantic omen theory regards the environment as a whole system, taking people as the center, including everything in the world. Every whole system in the environment is an interrelated, interdependent, antagonistic and transforming factor. The function of geomantic omen is to grasp the relationship between subsystems, optimize the structure and seek the best combination.
Feng Shui pays full attention to the integrity of the environment. The Yellow Emperor's House Classic advocates taking the situation as the body, the spring as the blood, the land as the skin, the vegetation as the hair, the house as the clothing and the portal as the crown belt. If so, it is elegant and auspicious. In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Yanluan emphasized the overall functionality in the volume of Yang Zhai Integration-Single Crystal Mouth Record, and advocated that Yin Zhai should choose a good terrain, and the water behind the mountain should be called people's heart, the mountain has long hair, and the water should be surrounded into a ring. The Ming hall is spacious, the Shuikou is rich in books, the two sides are barrier-free and the door is aboveboard. It is a blessing. All other principles are general principles of Feng Shui.
suit measures to local conditions
According to local conditions, that is, according to the objectivity of the environment, adopt a lifestyle suitable for nature. I ching's "Da Zhuang Gua" puts forward: stop at the positive shape. In the pre-Qin period, Jiang Taigong advocated adjusting measures to local conditions. According to Records of Historical Records and Biographies of Borrowing and Raising, Taigong hoped to be sealed in Yingshan with few people. Therefore, Taigong advised her to be a woman, to be skilled and to learn salt.
China has a vast territory, very different climate, different soil quality and different architectural forms. Because of the drought and lack of rain in the northwest, people live in caves. The cave faces south, with simple construction, no land occupation, material saving, fire prevention and cold protection, warm in winter and cool in summer, people can live longer and chickens can lay more eggs. The southwest is wet and rainy, and there are many insects and beasts, so people live in bamboo buildings with columns. "Biography of Nan Man in the Old Tang Dynasty" Day: There are poisonous weeds and vipers on the mountain. People live next to each other and climb stairs. The number is Gan Lan. There are empty or livestock downstairs, and people live upstairs. Bamboo buildings are ventilated, cool and moisture-proof, and most of them are built by mountains and rivers. In addition, the herdsmen on the grassland take yurts as their home, which is convenient for them to migrate with the water plants. People in mountainous areas of Guizhou and Dali build houses with rocks, while people in Central China Plain build houses with earth. These architectural forms were founded according to the specific local conditions at that time.
China is a pragmatic country, and adapting measures to local conditions is the embodiment of pragmatic thinking. According to the actual situation, take practical and effective methods to make people and buildings conform to nature, return to nature, return to simplicity, and integrate heaven and man. This is the true meaning of Feng Shui.
Located at the foot of the mountain and by the river.
Relying on mountains and rivers is one of the most basic principles of geomantic omen. Mountains are the skeleton of the earth, and water is the source of all life. Without water, people can't live. Almost all the primitive tribes discovered by archaeology were on the platform by the river, which was suitable for hunting, fishing and fruit picking at that time.
There are two situations depending on the mountain. One kind is adobe house, surrounded by mountains on three sides, Austria is spacious and open to the south. These houses are hidden among thousands of trees. Zhangguying Village, Weidong Township, Yueyang County, Hunan Province is such a terrain. The 500-mile shogunate mountain stretches here, with three peaks protruding to the northeast and west, such as three large petals forming a lotus. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang settled here. Over the past 500 years, there have been more than 600 households with more than 3,000 people. More than 800 families in the village colluded with each other, and men, women and children lived a peaceful and peaceful life.
Another form of living by the mountain is that houses cover the mountain, that is, pieces of houses cover the hillside, from the foot of the mountain to the mountainside. Wharf towns along the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River are all like this, with their backs on the hillside and stepping up the stairs, which is magnificent. Wuhan University, with a history of nearly 100 years, was built at the foot of the lush Luojia Mountain. Designers fully consider the specific feng shui environment. The student dormitory is attached to the hillside, like a winding city wall with a door-shaped entrance and exit. On the mountain platform, the central hole is the city gate hole, the library is in the center, and the teaching buildings stand on both sides respectively. Master-slave sequence, strict symmetry. The school has a natural trend and a powerful castle, which shows the grandeur of institutions of higher learning.
Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, is near the Yangtze River and surrounded by mountains. It is surrounded by Qinhuai River and Rocky Mountains along the river, and there are Shishan Mountain, Maanshan Mountain and Mufu Mountain from southwest to northeast. There is Zhongshan in the east; There is Fu Guishan in the west; In the south, Egrets and Zhou Changming form Jiajiang River. There is a poem praising the sun in "Gao Qi" in the Ming Dynasty: Zhongshan is like a dragon in the west, trying to break the huge waves and ride the long wind. Jiang Shan Xiang Xiong won't back down, and the shape is stronger than the world.
Observe the situation by observing the shape.
The Ten Books of Yangzhai in Qing Dynasty pointed out that people should focus on mountains and rivers, which have the greatest momentum and are the most important to people's fortune. Geomantic omen attaches importance to mountainous terrain and puts small environment into big environment.
In the geographical situation of China, there is a large zonal structure every 8 degrees or so, such as Tianshan-Yinshan zonal structure; Kunlun mountain-Qinling belt structure, Nanling belt structure. "Kao Gong Ji" says: In line with the world trend, there must be a river between two mountains. There must be a road above the river. Gong Yu divided the mountains of China into four columns. Feng Shui calls the rolling mountains Long Mai. Long Mai originates from Kunlun Mountain in the northwest, and three Long Mai extend to the southeast. Bellon entered Shaanxi from Yinshan Mountain and Helan Mountain, starting from Taiyuan and ending at crossing the sea. Zhonglong entered the customs from Minshan and entered the sea from Qinshan. Nanlong entered the sea from Yunnan-Guizhou and Hunan to Fujian and Zhejiang. Every big Long Mai has dry dragons, branch dragons, real dragons, fake dragons, flying dragons, hidden dragons, flash dragons and feng shui surveys. First of all, we must find out the background and conform to the direction of Long Mai.
Long Mai's shape is different from its potential. Thousands of feet is the potential, the potential is the vision, and the shape is the close shot. Potential is the worship of form, and form is the product of potential. So the potential is tangible, and the tangible awareness of the potential exists outside, while the shape exists inside. It is like a city wall and the younger brother of a tower. The potential is a set of ups and downs, shaped like an isolated mountain. It is difficult to recognize the situation, but it is easy to observe the shape. The situation is cause and effect. If it is Ma Benteng, if it is flowing, I want it to be big and strong, different but specialized and smooth. Modeling should be thick, gas storage, gas storage.
It is best to have Chaoan Mountain at the assembly point. The mountain facing the mountain is like a bow-shaped mountain in the court, just like the courtiers around the monarch. The mountains in Chaoan can keep out the wind, which is very interesting. For example, the "Zhuzi School" in Beijing's big environment cloud? Quot Du Ji Mountain rises from the clouds, surrounded by the Yellow River in front, with Mount Tai as the dragon on the left, Huashan as the tiger on the right, Songshan Mountain in front, Huainan Mountain in the back and Wuling Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, there is no place in ancient and modern China and abroad to build its capital than Hebei. As the saying goes, there is no wind to disperse it, but there is water. This is a case with Beijing as the center and the national mountain as the DPRK to illustrate the superiority of Beijing's geographical environment.
Observing the micro-environment from the macro-environment, we can know the external constraints and influences on the micro-environment, such as water source, climate, products, geology and so on. The good or bad of any homestead is determined by the general environment, just like the pulse-taking of traditional Chinese medicine. The general condition of the body can be known from the pulse, because it is determined by the functional state of the cardiovascular system. Only when the situation is perfect can the homestead be perfect. Every time a city is built. Every time you build a house or build a factory, you must first inspect the mountains and rivers.
Geological inspection
Feng Shui thought pays great attention to geology, even critical, and thinks that geology determines people's physique, which is also proved to be scientific by modern science. The influence of geology on people has at least the following four aspects:
First, the soil contains elements such as zinc, molybdenum, selenium and fluorine. Radiation under photosynthesis directly affects people's health. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Tonggui said in his ear that it is always good to come to Yanglixi. The local people said to the cloud: Where tin is not suitable for reproduction, it will be poor and migrate. Shan Hai Jing, which was earlier than Ertan 1000 years ago, also recorded many relationships between geology and the body, especially the plants growing from specific geology, which have an impact on the body shape, physique and fertility of the human body.
Second, wet or smelly geology can lead to arthritis, rheumatic heart disease and skin diseases. Wet and corrupt land is the natural culture base of bacteria and the root of various diseases, which is not suitable for building houses.
The third is the influence of the earth's magnetic field. The earth is a planet surrounded by a magnetic field. People can't feel its existence, but it always acts on people. Strong magnetic field can cure diseases, hurt people and even cause dizziness, lethargy or neurasthenia. China's ancestors knew geomagnetism a long time ago. According to the pipe number, there are magnets above and copper and gold below. Like Sina in the Warring States period, the compass was widely used in the Song Dynasty, and both of them used geomagnetism scientifically. According to different geological forms, Feng Shui thought advocates conforming to geomagnetic orientation and adopting 12 acupoints according to different geological forms. Yang Junsong pointed out in "Twelve Chapters": If you go straight to the center, you can't stand it, and the hall will be on the other side. According to the pulse, two or three feet away, the staff method is the most refined. In other words, you have to avoid the strong geomagnetic field a little to get the auspicious time. Feng shui masters often say that boulders and sharp corners are bad for doors and windows. In fact, they are worried about the interference of the strong magnetism from the boulder to the residents in the doors and windows.
Fourth, the influence of harmful waves. If there is an underground river, or a double-decked crossing river, or a pothole, or a complex geological structure 3 meters below the residential floor, it may emit long vibration waves or radioactive rays or particle streams, leading to headaches, dizziness, endocrine disorders and other symptoms.
Previous feng shui masters all knew the above four situations, but they didn't know why, so they couldn't explain them with scientific reasons. In practice, they consciously or unconsciously take evasive measures or mystify. Some feng shui masters grind with their hands when they meet the ground, observe on the spot, chew the soil with their mouths, even dig wells to see the deep soil and water quality, and bend over to listen to the flow and sound of groundwater. These seemingly posturing are not unreasonable.
water analysis
How to distinguish water quality? Guan Zi Di Zhen holds that soil quality determines water quality, and water quality is judged by its color. The water is white and sweet, yellow and astringent, black and bitter. Boshan Pian, a classic of geomantic omen, advocates seeking dragons to recognize qi, recognizing qi and tasting water. Its color is blue, its taste is sweet, its smell is fragrant and it is expensive. Its color is white, its taste is clear, and its temperature is expensive, which is not enough. On the cloud of good and evil of water in A Man Xing: it is sweet and delicious, which is called adding spring to Long Mai. Spring is not full, and autumn is not dry. You'd better find a good hiding place here. The taste of pulp is only fishy, just like the boiling of hot soup. It is unlucky to be turbid and red.
Water in different areas contains different trace elements and compounds, some of which can cause diseases and some can cure diseases. There is a mountain spring at the foot of Chengtian Elephant Trunk Mountain in Taishun, Zhejiang. The spring keeps steaming all year round. When the local people are sick, they will soak in the spring water, which is more effective than taking medicine. After inspection, it is found that the spring water contains a large amount of radioactive element radon. According to Shan Hai Jing and Xi Shan Jing, there is irrigation water beside Shi Cui Mountain, including running water, so as to sow cattle and horses without disease.
There is a quequan spring in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, which is crystal clear but lifeless. Ducks and birds will die in spring. According to the investigation of scientists, spring water contains a lot of cyanic acid and hydrogen chloride, which are highly toxic substances that kill organisms. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is described that Shu soldiers went deep into the wild land and drank poison springs by mistake, causing heavy casualties, which may be related to this poison spring. It is not suitable to build a village near such a water source.
The vast majority of springs in China have development value. Jinan, Shandong Province is known as the Spring City, and there are 1590 mineral water spots in Fujian Province, ranking first among all provinces in China, including 865 medical drinking mineral water. There is an eye milk spring in Fenghuang Mountain, Guangxi. The spring is milky white. Use it to make tea, and the tea will not change its taste for a week. At the foot of Jiu Feng Ridge in Fuxili Township, Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province, there is a five-flavored spring with a square meter eye, which has the sour, bitter and sweet taste of draught beer. Because spring water is filtered by underground minerals, it often contains minerals such as sodium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Oral administration, shampoo and bath are undoubtedly beneficial to health.
Feng shui theory advocates investigating the ins and outs of water, identifying water quality, mastering water flow and optimizing water environment. This principle deserves further study and popularization.
Sit facing south.
China is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth, in the east of Eurasia, and most of its territory is located in the north of the Tropic of Cancer (23 degrees 26 minutes north latitude). The sunshine comes from the south all the year round. A house facing south is easy to get light. Sunlight has many benefits for people: first, it can keep warm, and the temperature in the south house is higher than that in the north house in winter 1-2 degrees; The second is to participate in the synthesis of vitamin D in human body, and children often bask in the sun to prevent rickets; Third, ultraviolet rays in the sun have bactericidal effect; Fourth, it can enhance human immune function.
Sitting facing south is not only for lighting, but also to avoid the north wind. The topography of China determines that its climate is monsoon. There is a Siberian cold current in winter, a Pacific cool wind in summer, and the monsoon direction changes all year round. There are records of wind measurement in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Historical records say: evil winds live in the northwest, and October is also. According to the north, it is also 1 1 month. The wind lives in the northeast, and the first month is also. Ming and Shu lived in the east, and in February.
There is a difference between evil wind and yang wind. He Guangting said in Geological Correction in the late Qing Dynasty that Pingyang was not afraid of the wind, but there was a difference between Yin and Yang. The warm wind from east to south is called yang wind, so it is just right. The cool wind and cold wind from west to north are called evil wind, which should be blocked by the nearest grid, otherwise the wind will blow the bones and cold, and the main family will be defeated. This means avoiding the northwest wind.
There are several ways to express the position of geomantic omen: First, take five elements of wood as the east, fire as the south, gold as the west, water as the north and soil as the middle. Second, take gossip as the south, ridge as the north, earthquake as the east and exchange as the west. 3. Take Party A and Party B as the east, Party C and Party D as the south and Geng Xin as the west; Being loyal to others is north. Take the son of the earthly branch as the north and the noon as the south. Fourth, the east is black dragon, the west is white tiger, the south is suzaku, and the north is Xuanwu, Zuo Qinglong, right white tiger, and the former suzaku is behind Xuanwu. Talking about Wu Xingzhi records the layout of Xing Wu county governance in Song Dynasty: the hall is in the middle, the door is in front, the side warehouse is in the back, the breeze, scenery and sales place meander to the left, and there is a dragon elephant. The first floor of the bright moon is independent southwest, like a tiger's distance, according to Yin and Yang's home.
In short, the principle of facing south is to understand natural phenomena, conform to heaven, gain the aura of mountains and rivers, be influenced by the brilliance of the sun and the moon, nourish the body, cultivate sentiment and achieve outstanding people.
Moderately in the middle
Moderation means just right, impartial, neither too big nor too small, neither too high nor too low, as optimized as possible and close to perfection. On the point cloud in Guan Shi's Geography refers to Meng: to be high but not dangerous, low but not empty, obvious but not revealing, quiet but not silent, strange but not strange, clever but not bad.
The principle of moderate geomantic omen came into being in the pre-Qin period. The doctrine of the mean advocated by The Analects of Confucius is to choose the best position in order to conform to the right path. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" points out that the big room is full of yin, the high platform is full of yang, and more yin is embarrassing, while more yang is connected, which is also a problem of discomfort between yin and yang. The balance between yin and yang is moderate
Geomantic omen theory advocates that mountains, streams and directions should be coordinated with caves, and the size of houses should also be coordinated. Many people are unlucky, and many people are unlucky. The small door is unlucky and the big door is unlucky. A Qing Wu Caiding pointed out in the Summary of Yangzhai? Quot Every villa should have a square foundation and neat shelves. If the east grows and the west shrinks, it will definitely damage Ding Cai.
Moderate means middle. Why didn't China choose Guangzhou, Shanghai, Kunming and Harbin? Because it's too far away. "Taiping Yu Lan" has a record: the king was ordered to establish the country, and his capital must be in the middle, so he unified the world, and according to the meaning of Yin and Yang, he unified the four sides to unify the world. Luoyang became the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties because it was among the best in the world, and the differential rent was determined according to the middle level. Banks and shopping malls can only get more benefits in downtown areas.
The principle of moderation also requires that the center should be highlighted, the layout should be neat, and additional facilities should be tightly around the axis. In a typical geomantic landscape, there is a central axis, which is parallel to the meridian of the earth and extends north and south. The northern end of the central axis is preferably a horizontal mountain range, forming a T-shaped combination, and the southern end is preferably a spacious hall (plain), with buildings and curved rivers on both sides of the central axis. Tombs in Ming and Qing dynasties and gardens in Qing dynasty were built according to this principle.
Ride a horse with anger
According to the geomantic theory, Qi is the source of all things, Tai Chi means Qi, which accumulates in one breath to produce two instruments, and uses three or five elements in one's life. Soil comes from gas, water comes from gas, and people come from gas, and gas senses react. Everything is inseparable from gas.
Due to the change of seasons, the change of the sun, the change of wind direction, life and orientation have changed. In different months, the direction of anger and death is different. Anger is auspicious, death is fierce. People should take good care of themselves and manage them. "Guanzi Yan Shu" cloud: Anger is life; If you don't get angry, you die; If you are alive, you will be angry. The Yellow Emperor's House Classic holds that the anger in the first month is in Zigui, ugly in February, Yin A in March, Mao B in April, Chen Bing in May, B C in June, Party in the afternoon of July, Kun Party in August, Shen Geng Party in September, Youxin Party in October, Xugan Party in November and December. The geomantic compass shows the concept of angry orientation, and the geomantic style is very particular about this one.
How to distinguish anger? In the Ming Dynasty, Jiang Pingjie pointed out in Shui Long Jing that the key to distinguish anger is to look at the water. Qi is the mother of water, and water is the last of qi. Pneumatic means water follows, and when water stops, gas stops. Mother and son pity each other, and water and gas repel each other. Those who walk outside the earth with traces are water, while those who walk inside the earth without faces are qi. The combination of appearance and appearance is the wonderful use of nature. Therefore, the underground gas is inclined to things, that is, the water is either gone or coming. The dragon needs water to assist, and the gas needs water to stop. This explains the relationship between water and gas.
Xian Xiyong, another master of Feng Shui in Ming Dynasty, pointed out in "Buried Sutra" that life should be distinguished by mountains, rivers and vegetation. Where there is purple gas in the mountains, the clouds are steamed and moist, and the stones are moist and bright, if so, the gas will come to rest. Clouds don't rise, colors are dim, cracks, rocks are dry, vegetation is dry, and springs are dry. If so, unless the mountain is cut off, the angry journey will depend on others. It can be seen that anger is the vitality of all things and the best state of ecology.
Feng shui theory refers to advocating the construction of urban houses in busy places, which is called riding horses with anger. Only when vitality is rolling, plants will flourish and human beings will live a long and healthy life. In the Song Dynasty, Huang Miaoying said in "Boshan Pian": No harmony between Qi and Shan can be planted. If the gas doesn't turn on, the mountain will leave, and you can't even stand; Angry, intermittent pulse, unbearable; If you are angry, you can't stand on the rock. Sticking is a point, determine the location.
According to geomantic theory, the door of a house is an air inlet. If there is a road and water around you, you will be angry, which is conducive to communication, access to information and feedback. If you set the door on the side of idle traffic, you will get angry. Getting angry is good for air circulation and people's health. Brightness in the room is auspicious, and baldness is evil. Only when you are angry can you be called a Quaker.
Transform geomantic omen
The purpose of understanding the world is to transform the world and serve itself. The Book of Changes has a long way to go: it is a blessed land and people believe in it. Civilization, tycoon justified, regret is dead. Heaven and earth change at four times, and the Tang-Wu revolution is based on heaven and people. At the time of revolution, righteousness is great. Reform is transformation. Only by transforming the environment can people create optimized living conditions.
There are many examples of transforming Feng Shui, and Dujiangyan in Sichuan is a successful example of transforming Feng Shui. The Minjiang River flooded and flooded fertile fields and houses. Li Bing and his son tamed the Minjiang River by building dams, which benefited mankind.
The city of Beijing is full of scenic spots that transform Feng Shui. The moat of the Forbidden City is a man-made barrier, and the riverbank is built into Jingshan, which is a magnificent town. During the Jin Dynasty, Beihai Lake was full of water and became an island, with the White Pagoda as the center and temples arranged in the mountains. More than 100 scenic spots have been built in Yuanmingyuan. Quot the garden of ten thousand gardens.
Rural construction in China attaches great importance to the transformation of geomantic omen. If we make great efforts to look up the local chronicles, village genealogy and genealogy left over from history, the first volume of each book describes geographical geomantic omen, and we will find many records of transforming geomantic omen after careful induction. They have carried out a lot of geomantic transformation work, such as moving mountains and filling the sea, building bridges and paving roads, depreciating and building new ones, and achieved good results.
The task of feng shui scholars is to provide some useful suggestions to relevant people, so as to make the feng shui pattern in cities and villages more reasonable and more conducive to people's health, longevity and economic development.
Architectural geomantic omen is the accumulation of life experience and the crystallization of wisdom of Chinese people for thousands of years, which guides people to live in harmony with nature and pursue a better life, and embodies many thoughts of natural philosophy.
Feng shui can't be defined by simple science or superstition, but it is far beyond this scope. Feng shui is the survival wisdom and cultural gene accumulated for thousands of years, and it is a university question.