The square tower is the "Xingshengjiao Temple Tower", named after the Xingshengjiao Temple next to the tower. It is located in the center of the park, on the north bank of the round lake. It was built in the first year of Xining in Northern Song Dynasty (1068 ~ 1094), more than 900 years ago. The tower is 42.65 meters high ***9 stories high. It is square, imitating the shape of the brick tower in the Tang Dynasty, so it is commonly known as the square tower. The square tower is a brick-wood structure with a pavilion structure. Each side of the external wall at the bottom of the brick body is 6 meters wide, and there are verandahs around it, which shrink step by step. The outer wall of the brick body is divided into three rooms by brick columns, with a pot door in the middle and a square room in the middle, and the floors are connected by wooden ladders. At the top of the tower is a pagoda with a height of eight meters, which consists of a cover basin, a phase wheel and a vase. There are four iron cables dragged from the spire to the eaves of the ninth floor, which are called storm cables. There are copper bells tied to the four corners of the tower eaves, which are called "police birds". The wind blows the bell, which is pleasant to hear, to prevent birds from falling off the tower and nesting. Climbing the square tower, you can have a panoramic view of Songjiang, the ancient city. The square tower can stand for thousands of years, which is inseparable from its ingenious structure. First of all, there are a lot of wooden materials in the square tower. In addition to the external stairs, flat seats, tower eaves and bucket arches, there are three wooden hoops on each floor of the tower. This practice is forbidden in buildings, because there is no wood in the building structure (between bricks, stones and other materials), because perishable wood will lead to the collapse of the building. However, it is a miracle that all the remaining wood of the square tower (referring to the original work of the Song Dynasty) is not moth-eaten, decayed or even termites. During the transformation of the square tower, a Japanese professor was deeply surprised to see the corrosion resistance of wood, saying that it was an invaluable treasure left by your ancestors. ) War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese bomb exploded next to the square tower, but it didn't blow it up, which is another miracle. According to the analysis of two professors, Chen Congzhou and Lu Binjie of Tongji University, wood must be treated with anti-corrosion and flexibility, and it will not rot for thousands of years, which must be related to it.
Secondly, during the reconstruction of 1974 square tower, it was found that the foundation of the square tower was a wooden pile. The ancestors used the principle of "dry for a thousand years, wet for a thousand years, dry for one year, wet for one year, wet for one year, wet for two or three years" (a carpenter's proverb) to successfully build a square tower, so that it will not fall down for a thousand years, and the inclination is very small (53 cm to the northwest).
Third, the tower foundation is different. It leans to the southeast, the highest point is 40 cm in the northwest corner, while the southeast corner is only 20 cm. When people stand in the tower, they will obviously feel the ground tilt. Is this the negligence of our ancestors when they built the tower? In fact, this reflects the wisdom of ancient craftsmen. Because Songjiang is adjacent to the sea in the east, and there are many southeast winds and typhoons in summer, the tower foundation consciously leans to the southeast. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo wrote a story in his Biography of Meng Qian, saying that an old craftsman once built such a leaning tower in his later years. No one can understand. Why did he build such a tower? He said: "We people can't see it. This tower will become a straight tower in 200 years and will never tilt again. " It can be seen that the square tower is exactly the same as the tower built by the old carpenter. It was built on the basis of studying a series of achievements such as local meteorology, geology, tower shape, materials and production, which shows the great value of this tower.
The square tower is famous for its "beauty" in the southeast, which is very artistic. The square tower is characterized by its slender body and wide eaves, and its shape is still like a girl in a long skirt. A poem "Zhi Zhu Ci" by Huang Ting, a Songjiang poet in the Qing Dynasty, praised the square tower in this way: "How can the floating picture of 36 offshore be as exquisite as the square tower?" The artistic features of the square tower are vividly described in two sentences.
There is also a beautiful legend about the construction of the square tower. (See legend)
The artistic treatment of the square tower is not limited to the tower body and eaves, but also many special treatments, such as: for the beauty of the tower body, the outside of the tower body is removed and the stairs are designed in the tower body. From the second floor to the ninth floor, there is a parabolic arc at each corner, which is called "rolling brake". Its tower brake is also different. Like the tower, it is slimmer than other towers.
The historical value of the square tower is immeasurable. Chen Congzhou, a professor at Tongji University, said in his book The Tower of Jiangsu: "Songjiang Square Tower is the representative of similar towers from Tang Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty." It means that it is modeled after the tower in the Northern Song Dynasty and built according to the shape of the Tang Dynasty, and this tower is a typical pavilion-style brick and wood tower in the Tang Dynasty in terms of shape, material, technology and construction. In view of this great historical value, 1996 Xingshengjiao Temple Tower was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. This square tower has been overhauled many times for hundreds of years. In the 21st year of Yuan Dynasty (1284), monks raised funds to repair it. In the sixth year of Dade (1302), the hurricane blew down Tasha's wheel and destroyed the railing. Monk Qingyu raised money to repair it. At the end of the yuan dynasty, the temple was destroyed by soldiers, leaving only the tower and bell tower alone. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), monks built a memorial hall next to the pagoda, named "Sheng Xing Pagoda Courtyard". In the 12th year of Ming Dynasty (1447), Governor Zhou Chen donated money for reconstruction. During the Wanli period (1573 ~ 16 19), monks broke their arms to show their piety. It was repaired many times in the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770) and the Daoguang period (182 1 ~ 1850). In the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1860), the bell tower and tower courtyard were destroyed. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), most of the temples in the Chenghuang Temple were destroyed by the Japanese, and only the tower and zhaobi in front of the Chenghuang Temple survived.
Before liberation, cracks appeared in the brick body of the tower, and all the wooden structures in the tower were damaged. 1963, the Shanghai Cultural Relics Management Committee comprehensively investigated the structure and damage of the square tower. 1973 drew up the renovation plan of Songjiang Xingshengjiao Temple Tower, 1975 started the renovation, and 1977 completed it. In this overhaul, the tower core wood was replaced, the tower gate was dismantled, the reversing wheel was supplemented, the stairs, floors, flat seats, waist eaves and the common "pole-seeking" railings in the Northern Song Dynasty buildings were repaired, and the veranda was rebuilt. During the period, it was found that there were two colorful murals of Buddha statues in the Song Dynasty on the triangular wall between the two groups of bucket arches under the eaves of the third western wall, called arch eyes. At the same time, in the sorting and identification of the existing 177 bucket arches, it is found that11is the original of the Song Dynasty. Experts admit that there are many brick-wood pagodas in the south of the Yangtze River, but it is extremely rare to keep so many arches in the Song Dynasty. What's more, in this restoration, archaeologists excavated a brick surface of 1.5 square meters in the middle of the tower bottom, excavated a brick underground palace, and unearthed a white marble letter engraved with dragon pattern and double beards at both ends. On the cover of the letter, there is a bronze bodhisattva sitting in the north, surrounded by 42 Song Dynasty coins. I opened the stone envelope and found a lacquer box containing a bronze Buddha statue wrapped in silk, two silver boxes and a pair of relics. These precious cultural relics are now collected by Shanghai Museum.
Adjacent to the west side of Qichang Gallery, it is a Ming Dynasty building with simple style. Chun Zhu, who was originally from Huating (Songjiang) in the early Qing Dynasty, returned to his hometown after being the governor of Jiangxi, bought a mansion near Cang Qiao in the west of Songjiang, and 1984 moved to Fangta Garden. The hall is five rooms wide and seven squares deep, as flat as a hall. This hall has a special feature: "one beam and four columns" is a very rare first-class wood "golden nanmu", so the people also call this hall "Nanmu Hall". The structure of the main hall is simple, smooth and simple, and the decoration is a typical Ming dynasty building in Songjiang area.
1990, Lanrui Museum was rebuilt as "Zhu Ming Shunshui Memorial Hall". Chen Congzhou, a professor at Tongji University, wrote a book "Preserving the Past and Reflecting the Present", which hung on the door opposite the hall and had a far-reaching influence. The name is Yu, which is Chu language. When you arrive in Japan, you will find Lu Yu, which is prosperous and prosperous. In the Ming Dynasty, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, moved to Songjiang from Yuyao and Qiantang when he was a teenager, and was admitted as a Confucian scholar. He was employed by Zhu, Zhang Kentang and other community members. Zhu, a native of Huating, Songjiang, was an anti-Qing hero. He used to live in Fangta Garden, and he often taught his students to "learn to be a man". Zhu Shunshui later worshipped Wu Zhongluan as a gracious teacher, and the magistrate Su Song and other places recommended him as the "First All-rounder in Civil and Military Affairs" to serve in does, but he resolutely refused. Later, the court issued several more letters, but they refused to accept them. Later, he went to Japan, because he failed to organize an uprising against the Qing Dynasty with Chen Zilong, the leader of several clubs. Tokugawa Guoguang, the Japanese Mito vassal, took him as a visiting teacher, arranged for him to give lectures, taught his disciples, introduced them to China's architecture, utensils and costumes, and made drawings to help him understand the structure and production principle in detail. Later, Japan compiled the History of Great Japan and invited Zhu Shunshui to participate. The "Mito School" developed around this book (namely "Tianbao School") embodies the legacy of Zhu Shunshui's theory and has always influenced the Meiji Restoration. Zhu Shunshui's works all stayed in Japan, and were published one after another and widely disseminated, which strongly promoted the academic development in Japan. In the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), Zhu Shunshui died in Nagasaki, Japan at the age of 83. He was honored as "Mr. Wengong" in Japan and was enshrined in a shrine. Up to now, there are still various activities to commemorate Zhu Shunshui. 1July, 985, Lanruitang was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Songjiang County.
Shanghai Fangta Tianfei Palace, formerly known as Shunji Temple, was originally located near Shiliupu, Xiaodongmen, Shanghai. Xianfeng was destroyed in the third year (1853) and rebuilt in the ninth year of Guangxu (1883). The temple was named "Tianfei Palace". In the late 1970s, due to the need of Shanghai's municipal construction, "Tianfei Palace" was moved to Shanghai Songjiang Fangta Garden and named as "Tianfei Palace".
Fangta Tianfei Palace is the only surviving relic of Mazu Tempel in Shanghai today. Located in the northeast corner of the central square of Fangta Garden. The hall is beautiful in shape, with flying eaves, flat base, wide steps, towering elevators, five columns wide, lingering cloisters, thick beams and columns, magnificent and solemn halls. It covers an area of 330m2 and is17m high. It is made of brick and wood structure, beautifully carved and gorgeous, which embodies the architectural characteristics of the late Qing Dynasty. Plaques and couplets inscribed by contemporary calligraphers Chien Hsien Wu, Chen Peiqiu and Zhou Hui are hung in the hall.
Tianfei Palace is also called Tianhou Palace, and the southeast coastal areas are called Mazu Tempel and Mother Temple. Mazu is a real person, his name is Moline, and the folk name is Moline Niang. She is from Meizhou Island, Putian, Fujian. Her father is Lin Yuan, the governor of Meizhou. She is the youngest daughter, born in the first year of Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty (960). Maureen spun at home before she died. He is "strangely strange", familiar with water and witchcraft, and full of chivalry. He often sailed personally or organized rescue for ships and people in distress at sea, saving hundreds of people in his short life. In the fourth year of Yongxi (987), at the age of 28, he gave his life to help his compatriots who were shipwrecked. Fujian people revered her and built a temple in Meizhou to worship Mazu and commemorate Mazu. So Mazu Tempel in Meizhou has become the ancestral temple of more than 4,000 Mazu Tempel in the world today. Soon, people also called Mazu the Poseidon, and named the court Mazu Tian Fei. Since the fifth year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 123), emperors of all dynasties have had seals. Song Huizong gave the temple the title of "Shunzhi" and later the title of "Mrs. Murray of Ling Zhao Hui Ying Chongfu"; The Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty thought Maureen was "brilliant, brilliant" and named him "Tian Fei, a masterpiece of defending the country". It was sealed four times in the Ming Dynasty, and in the fifth year of Yongle, Zheng He sent a mission to the west for instructions to repair the temple because of his pleasant journey. In the 19th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi, the Qing emperor wanted to unify Taiwan Province Province and sent Shi Lang, a native of Quanzhou, to war. Shi Lang prayed to Mazu for help. As a result, the warship crossed the Taiwan Province Strait very smoothly, as if with the help of the gods. Kangxi _ was named after "protecting the country and the people, showing great power, and showing Hongren Puji Tian Fei". During the Daoguang period, it was renamed "Tiannv".
1993 10 Fangta Tianfei Palace was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Songjiang County. 200 1 overhaul of Tianfei Palace in Fangta. In 2002, the cultural connotation and facilities of Pujiang Mazu in Fangta Tianfei Palace were restored, and the opening ceremony of Pujiang Mazu and Shanghai Fangta Tianfei Palace were held on September 28th of the same year.
The house zhaobi is a unique architectural form in China influenced by geomantic consciousness, and it is called "shadow wall" or "shadow wall". Feng shui pays attention to guiding qi, and qi can't go straight into the hall or bedroom, otherwise it will be unlucky. The way to avoid air rush is to put a wall in front of the house. In order to keep the "air unobstructed", this wall can't be closed, so the architectural form of facing the wall is formed. The display wall has the function of preventing wind and blocking the line of sight. If the wall is decorated, it will have the effect of scenery.
In the square tower garden, on the north side of the tower, a huge brick sculpture stands north. Built in the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), this wall was originally the shadow wall in front of the Town God Temple in Songjiang Prefecture, with a history of more than 630 years. It is the oldest, most exquisite and complete large-scale brick carving in Shanghai and even the whole country.
The width of zhaobi is 6. 1 m, and the height is 4.7m, about 30m2. It is carved from nearly 100 pieces of fine mud and blue bricks. There are eight small seals carved between the arches under the eaves of Zhaobi, saying, "Good weather, peaceful country and safe people". In the middle square, there are stories of people. On the left side of the middle part of the two tips, there is an oriental protector Qinglong, and on the right side, there is a western protector White Tiger. Carving techniques include relief, carving, general carving and empty carving. Carved animals, animals, utensils, flowers, patterns and lines are well-defined, and the knife method is smooth and mature. In the middle of the wall, there is a monster carved with antlers, lion's tail, cow's hoof and dragon forest. Like the legendary dragon and phoenix turtle, it is all fictional and named "greed". There are also ganoderma lucidum, cash cows, animals and birds, ingots and so on carved around gluttony. He is greedy with one horn, eyes like two bells, a big mouth and sharp teeth. He stood on the gold ingot, coral, ruyi and jade cup, with his head held high and his mouth open. He wants to fly on all fours and swallow the rising sun at sea level ahead. There is also an auspicious picture engraved on the zhaobi: a phoenix in the upper left corner, with a book in its mouth, meaning "offering a heavenly book"; There is a vase next to the lotus in the lower left corner, with three halberds inserted, and there is a sheng next to the bottle, which means "three levels of life"; There is a monkey sitting on the tree, and a golden seal is hung on the branch, which means "to be printed"; There are also "Fish Leaping over the Dragon Gate" and "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", which are vivid in shape, beautifully carved and strong in three-dimensional sense. The whole relief, from picture conception and structural layout to brick-making technology and carving art, embodies the magnificent artistic level of ancient Songjiang, which can be described as exquisite and rare, and is really a "pearl". As a masterpiece of brick carving technology in the early Ming Dynasty, this zhaobi was included in the book History of Ancient Architecture and Technology in China.
There is also a vivid legend in Zhaobi. (See Legend) Folks use this legend to teach future generations not to be insatiable, and insatiable people will bring about their own destruction like "greed". Therefore, in ancient times, every official who took office in Songjiang had to pay a visit to the Chenghuang Temple after his arrival, indicating that he should serve the people in his official career and not be a corrupt official. Although there is no official record of this statement, it expresses Songjiang people's hope that Songjiang parents can be honest and do good things for the people, and also embodies the Taoist thought of "persuading people to be good."