Due to economic, geographical and military reasons, the capital usually changes. At the beginning of Qin Jianguo, the Guanzhong Plain at that time was not fertile, but flooded, not a livable place. It was not until the tenth year of Qin Shihuang's rule that Zheng Guoqu and Guanzhong Plain were built. Woye Li Qian? , become the real foundation of the qin dynasty. Is this passage in Historical Records clear? When the canal is completed, it will be filled with silt water, and more than 40,000 hectares of land will be irrigated with brine (converted into 165438+ 10,000 mu), and each mu will receive one hour (converted into 100 kg), so Guanzhong is fertile, and there is no bad year. The Qin dynasty was rich and powerful, and it was a vassal. .
Therefore, in the first few hundred years, Qin usually competed with nomadic people for territory, engaged in nomadic industry and developed small-scale agriculture, so in the first few hundred years, the capital was close to the western border.
Thus, we have the well-known legend of Zhongyue and a dog blood story of Wang. It can be said that half of Qin's history is a feud with nomadic people in the west and north.
So it is easy to understand that the capital and economic and military center are close to the west.
The location of Qin Dou has been controversial before. Some people think that Xigou Mountain is the capital, while others think it is not. We ordinary people basically think that this is the first capital city, because there is no other answer left in history (spit it out, study the crying of pre-Qin history, the historical materials are a little bit, a little bit important)
Since then, the capital of Qin has been moving eastward, which also reflects the priorities of Qin in economy, diplomacy, politics and military affairs, and constantly focuses on moving eastward and connecting with the vassal States of the Central Plains.
The second capital is Yong (more than 300 years), and later moved to Pingyang. In the Qin Xiangong period, he seized the opportunity of the Zhao-Wei War and moved the capital to Liyang, which was the first time that the capital of Qin completely fell on the Guanzhong Plain.
This time, Qin's military achievement is the land of Hexi. At this time, the Guanzhong Plain has been developed to a great extent. Hedong is fertile, thousands of miles away. Although Hexi is a little barren, it is still much more than the nomadic Qin Guoqiang.
In 350 BC, Shang Yang suggested to Qin Xiaogong Ququliang to move the capital to Xianyang, but this time it was 30 kilometers to the west. On the one hand, it is because the city is small, on the other hand, it is too close to the front line, and there have been many military threats near the capital.
Of course, later people said that Xianyang was close to Shu and it was more convenient to control Shu. That's the truth, but does 30 kilometers really make that much difference? Personally, I think this is a far-fetched statement.
In a word, the continuous eastward movement of Qin capital reflects the historical process of Qin's continuous eastward expansion, and the relocation of the capital from Liyang to Xianyang is the consideration of urban development and lifting the military threat.