In the Winter Palace in Russia, there is a very exquisite two-headed Buddha called "a unique and rare treasure in Buddhism". This Blackwater City double-headed Buddha was originally a treasure belonging to our country. Its unfortunate loss has made countless experts and scholars in the country sigh with regret.
In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), a team led by Lieutenant Colonel Kozlov of the Russian Navy and approved by the Qing government was nominally a Russian geographical expedition team, but in fact it was dedicated to searching various places. Treasures and cultural relics, the purpose of their trip is for the legendary treasures of Xixia.
Kozlov led the team and dug up more than 30 Xixia pagodas in one go, and looted bundles of Xixia scriptures, Yuan Dynasty Zhiyuan banknotes, more than 10 boxes of Buddhist paintings, coins, and women's supplies , and so on, this place, which can be called the "Museum of Xixia", was destroyed by bandits.
In the first year of Xuantong (1909), the notorious Kozlov once again carried out bandit excavation and looting of Heishui City, and found a large number of historical relics from different periods of the Xixia, Song and Yuan Dynasties in the large pagoda on the dry river bed. , including books, documents, manuscripts, Buddhist statues, paintings and other precious cultural relics.
One of them is the unique double-headed Buddha of Xixia. The double-headed Buddha is a unique and rare treasure in Buddhism. The only known ancient double-headed Buddha statue is this one unearthed in Heishui City.
Like other stolen national treasures, there is naturally little hope for the return of the Xixia Double-Headed Buddha. We can only do our best to negotiate with Russia to "borrow" Xixia cultural relics stored in Russia to study more Xixia cultural relics and spread.
After 1949, Chinese archaeologists conducted many scientific expeditions to Heishui City. From 1983 to 1984, our country lasted more than three months to conduct the first comprehensive excavation and investigation of the already riddled Heishui City, and cleared out more than 3,000 pages of Xixia literature, but most of them were fragments. Compared with Kozlov's work that year, There is simply no comparison.
In St. Petersburg, Russia, when Chinese Xixia scholars stood in front of the stolen cultural relics and documents in Heishui City for the first time, their hearts trembled. The Xixia documents here have more than 8,000 numbers. There are nearly 1,000 different versions of Buddhist scriptures, as well as a large number of precious cultural relics such as sculptures, murals, thangkas and paintings from the Xixia period.
You can imagine how heartbreaking and painful it felt when scholars from their hometown approached the splendid culture that made the land of China under the vigilant eyes of Russian guards. It is the dream of every Chinese Xixia scholar to compile and publish all the Xixia cultural relics collected in Russia to make up for the shortcomings in Chinese history.
In 1992, Shi Jinbo contacted Russia about publishing matters, and reached a cooperation agreement in 1993. Within 1 year, 4 times, he compiled 3/4 of the Russian and Tibetan blackwater documents, and Edited and published the "Russian Collection of Blackwater City Documents", which are extremely valuable masterpieces.
After the cultural relics of Blackwater City were lost to Russia, no one was aware of the Tangut script, and the Russians did not know their origins.
It was not until 1909 that the Russian sinologist Yi Fengge discovered an ancient Xia and Chinese dictionary "Fan Han He Shi Zhong Zhu" in the documents of Heishui City. It was a book about Xixia and Han people. A tool for mutual learning and comparison of languages.
At this point, Russian scholars understood that what Kozlov carried on camels twice was the 190-year history of the Western Xia Dynasty in China's medieval period, which was indeed a bit shocking.
At that time, Genghis Khan, a genius of his generation, led the Mongolian cavalry and swept across the Eurasian continent. However, only Xixia could not be shaken or conquered by him despite many personal expeditions. Later, the Mongolian cavalry swept across the entire territory of Xixia, Xixia culture was almost extinct, and Genghis Khan also died after conquering Xixia.
Xixia disappeared from history for nearly 800 years. It was not until the discovery of the Heishui City ruins that this strange history was slowly unraveled.
China has 24 histories. The Yuan Dynasty compiled the "History of Song Dynasty" and "History of Liao Dynasty", but they did not compile the History of Xixia. Fortunately, this site, Blackwater City, which has been hidden in the long river of history for nearly a thousand years, has made up for the regrets of history and brought the Xixia civilization to the world again. However, the outflow of cultural relics is still regrettable after all.
Among the books unearthed by Kozlov, there are ancient Xia texts translated from Chinese classics such as "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius", "The Book of Filial Piety", "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Lei Lin", etc., as well as some written in Tangut Dictionaries and dictionaries such as "Wen Hai", "Yin Tong" and "Za Zi", as well as the only preserved original of the Xixia Codex "Tian Sheng's Reform of the Old and New Laws" in my country's medieval period.
There is also a unique and rare Buddhist treasure, the Two-headed Buddha, sculpted based on Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist scriptures, sculptures, murals, thangkas, paintings and other precious cultural relics have made the St. Petersburg Museum a world-class museum. .
Today, every Chinese who is interested in Xixia must go to Russia to study the Xixia Dynasty in medieval China, because nearly 10,000 cultural relics unearthed in Heishui City are now in Russia.
For everyone who walks into Heishui City and studies the history of Xixia, and for any Chinese who goes to Russia to visit the relics of Xixia, Heishui City will become an eternal pain in their hearts.
(The pictures in the article are from the Internet, if they are infringing, they will be deleted)