Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, "established a palace in Nanjing, that is, built a Wenyuan Pavilion in the east of Fengtianmen, which preserved the ambition of the past and the present".
This is the beginning of the Wen Yuan Pavilion.
Ming Chengzu moved the capital to Beijing, modeled on the existing regulations in Nanjing, and built the Wenyuan Pavilion in the Beijing Palace.
As Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty said: "Taizong built Beijing, and it is still in the Nankai Pavilion of Donglai. It is a house of several rafts. It is bright, cool and strict, and it is still listed as Yuan Wen." It can be seen that the Ming Dynasty built Wenyuan Pavilion in Nanjing Palace and Beijing Palace at the same time.
The early function of Wen Yuan Pavilion mainly lies in collecting books and compiling books.
The famous Yongle Dadian was compiled in the Wen Yuan Pavilion of Nanjing Forbidden City.
In the first year of Yongle (1403), Ming Taizu Chengzu ordered the revision of this book. Because the first draft was "not ready", he ordered a three-year reconstruction (1405). "Life does Chinese and foreign officials and old Confucianists in all directions, Jane imperial academy and other county scholars, the library opened in Wen Yuan Pavilion, and Guanglu Temple gave life to the DPRK.
At that time, "Changshu, Dantu and Jishui Chen Cheng all went to the museum to repair the ceremony, and Huai Tong recruited the museum to open the script ceremony. "In the sixth year of Yongle (1408), the ceremony was also directly stored in the Wen Yuan Pavilion.
After the Forbidden City in Beijing was basically completed, Cheng Zu specially ordered the books of Nanjing Wen Yuan Pavilion to be transported to Beijing for collection.
According to the records, "in the sixteenth year, Chen Xun sent an envoy to Nanjing to take all the ancient and modern books stored in the library, ranging from one book to more than one hundred books, each of which was taken to the north, and the rest were sealed."
These rare secretaries shipped to Beijing, except Yongle Dadian, were stored in Wenlou. All other books were officially put into Tibet Wenyuan Museum in the sixth year of the British Orthodox Church (144 1).
At that time, Yang Shiqi, a college student who presided over the inventory and cataloging, collected all the books in the bookcase and compiled them into Wenyuange Bibliography, which read "There are thousands of words, from heaven to words, and each book has twenty or fifty cabinets".
Wen Yuan Pavilion not only carries the functions of collecting books and compiling books, but also serves as a place for cabinet ministers to directly handle affairs. With the development of politics in Ming Dynasty, it gradually evolved into a de facto secret cabinet forbidden area.
In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen the imperial power, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the province to save books and abolish the prime minister.
In order to deal with complicated state affairs and not hinder autocratic centralization, imperial academy was set up in imitation of Song Dynasty, and a university student was appointed in Gaihuatang, Wuyingtang, Wenhua Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion and Dongge, and selected from the Hanlin and six officials.
Judy succeeded to the throne, and with the "initial difficulties, the four sides discussed the matter", she specially appointed Huang Huai, editor of Jie Jin, to enter the Wen Yuan Pavilion.
I was asked to read Hu Guang, edit Yang Rong, edit Yang Shiqi, review Jin Youzi and Hu Yan, and prepare for maintenance.
As a ancestor, he will kiss the names of Yu Hanmo and Rong Shu when there are several things to consider. Know the royal treasure, or seal it with the royal oath and let it plan. "
Rong and other articles are correct, sealed with the museum, and no one can smell them. "
Therefore, the Wen Yuan Pavilion was called the Cabinet, while Yang Rong and others were promoted to university positions.
After the completion of imperial academy in the seventh year of the British Orthodox Church (1442), the Wen Yuan Pavilion, as a special place for university students and other officials, became a real forbidden area. "Anyone who enters the cabinet is called Wenyuan Pavilion."
During the reign of Sejong Jiajing, the Wenyuan Pavilion system was further improved. It is recorded: "In the sixteenth year of Jiajing, craftsmen were ordered to set up one and four statues of Confucius in Wenyuan Pavilion, with four adjacent rooms separated, and the account was opened in the south, thinking that the cabinet ministers were working.
The East Pavilion was installed as a small building for storing books.
Three sheds have been added to the south space of the cabinet building on the west side of the cabinet to handle official documents and prepare for the cabinet system.
He was in charge of the cabinet, prepared for maintenance, told the cashier the emperor's orders, obeyed the constitution of his ancestors, taught rules and regulations, made suggestions to Mo You, made a brief statement, gave a reply, prepared for consultants, and was honest in politics. Gemen also hung high the imperial edict and strictly applied for regulations: "All officials and other personnel in confidential places are not allowed to enter without permission, and offenders will be prosecuted. "It can be seen that Wen Yuan Pavilion has become a de facto cabinet, and its position and role are extraordinary.
Besides collecting books and compiling books, Wen Yuan Pavilion is also a "place where emperors talk and read". The emperor reads books here from time to time and asks Hanlin Confucian scholars to give lectures on the history of the classics.
According to the report, Taizu "stayed in the pavilion for tens of thousands of hours, ordered Confucianism to enter history, bowed to study, and got carried away all day."
Cheng Zu "went to the pavilion at any time, read poems written by Bachelor and Jishi Shu, and enjoyed heckling and commenting".
Xuanzong was also used to "listen to politics in his spare time, expect it, join various Confucian officials, talk about compromise, talk big and learn from others", and specially wrote "Wen Yuan Ming Ge" to describe its grand occasion.
In the fourteenth year of the Orthodox Church (1449), a fire broke out in the Ming Palace Museum in Nanjing, and the Wen Yuan Pavilion and other books were burned.
With the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Wenyuan Pavilion in Beijing Palace was also destroyed in the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
After the establishment of the national political power in the Qing Dynasty, it followed the Ming system in political system and gradually accepted the feudal culture with Confucianism as the main body in cultural thought.
In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), the Qing court changed the Inner Third Hospital into the Cabinet and set up imperial academy. It is divided into halls and pavilions by college students, called Zhonghe Hall, Baohe Hall, Wuying Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion and Dongge.
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), the Inner Third Hospital was rebuilt and the Hanlin Academy was removed.
In the 9th year of Kangxi (1670), the Inner Third Hospital was abolished, and the Cabinet and the Hanlin Academy were restored. The title of Diange still followed the fifteen-year Shunzhi system.
In the 13th year of Qianlong reign (1748), with the disunity between the four halls of Zhonghe, Baohe, Wenhua and Wuying and the two halls of Yuan Wen and Dongge, the name of Zhonghe Hall will never be used, the Zhonghe Hall was added.
Since then, the three pavilions and three pavilions have become customized.
However, the Wen Yuan Pavilion has always been nominal, that is, although the Qing court has the name of Wen Yuan Pavilion for university students, it has no real Wen Yuan Pavilion. The so-called "custom-made, Wen Yuan Pavilion is a university student with the title, and the first place is still named without discussion".
In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), Sikuquanshu was published in February.
Considering the future storage of the book after its completion, Emperor Qianlong took precautions when he launched book editing activities on a large scale the following year and decided to build a special storage place for Sikuquanshu.
He heard that Tianyi Pavilion, a library in Fan, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, "is made of pure bricks and is not afraid of fire or candles. From the Ming Dynasty to the present, the method is very detailed, so he specially instructed Hangzhou Weaving Yin to "go there and see for himself how its room is made, whether it is made of bricks and stones, whether it is planted with wood, and what style its bookshelf is." Ask in detail and make an accurate sample.
After learning about the architectural regulations and collection characteristics of Tianyi Pavilion, Emperor Qianlong gladly ordered "building storage in a pavilion style".
At first, Emperor Qianlong planned to copy Sikuquanshu into four parts. "One is Chu Wenyuan Pavilion, the other is Chu Shengjing Longxing Wang's land, the other is Chu Yuyuan Pavilion, and the other is Chu Summer Resort, so this Jinwen Pavilion is also made."
Later, considering the needs of scholars in the south of the Yangtze River to study and study, they specially ordered the construction of Wen Hui, Wenzong and Wen Lan pavilions in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
This is the seven famous libraries that collect Sikuquanshu.
Among them, the Wen Yuan Pavilion in the Forbidden City was built after the Wenhua Hall, and Emperor Qianlong said, "Everything is ready.
Although it will take time to finish the book, the place to store it must be built.
There is no place in the palace, so Yu Wenhua built Wenyuan Pavilion behind the palace to wait for it.
The name of Wen Yuan Pavilion, which began in the heyday, has no place today, but the name of Cabinet University and the title of Diange still exist.
This library is worthy of the name. "Thus, due to the compilation of Sikuquanshu, especially the need of storage in the future, the Wen Yuan Pavilion, which existed in name only since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, was finally started, and thus became a veritable hidden resort in China.