Language customs, the old Beijing language has a unique Beijing accent and rhyme, beautiful and euphemistic, concise, easy to understand and meaningful. The stress of children's voice is one of the characteristics, such as: ego (ego), farewell (profile), rubbing anger (anger), borrowing light (giving way), cat-hating (hidden feelings), greatness (particularly good), blandness (cleverness), and finally (finally). Dialect is the second characteristic, such as: covering your hat (great), coughing (playing loquacious), being stingy (stingy), falling down (losing face), farting (happy), being angry (being righteous), being coaxed (doing nothing) and being bored (sleeping); Multi-level expression is the third feature, such as: dung beetles climbs a tree (meaning a fake bird, but in the end he is prude), dung beetles lies on the railway track (meaning a fake ear, but in the end he is dead), with green onions stuffed in his nose (meaning an illusion, but he has nothing to do), and a talkative donkey has no grass to eat (meaning a lot of words, but in the end he hurts people).
? Artistic customs mainly include Peking Opera, cross talk, storytelling, drama, acrobatics, shadow play, paper-cutting, rhyme and drum, etc. Beijing opera combines the essence of traditional arts such as costumes, facial makeup, instrumental music, singing, dancing, recitation, poetry and martial arts. Exquisite singing, exquisite singing, exquisite performance and unique form are called' national quintessence'. Crosstalk takes speaking, learning, teasing and singing as the performance forms, and contains the old Beijing dialect, which makes people happy in laughter.
Holiday customs include praying for Laba porridge on Laba Festival, watching lanterns and eating Yuanxiao on Lantern Festival, eating spring cakes on Spring Festival, visiting relatives in Tomb-Sweeping Day, eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival, eating moon cakes for reunion on Mid-Autumn Festival, climbing mountains to respect the elderly on Double Ninth Festival, and posting autumn cakes on stewed meat in autumn. Pay special attention to the Spring Festival. After the Lunar New Year, we should clean up, prepare new year's goods, buy new clothes, hang lanterns, put up stick grilles, put up couplets for New Year pictures, stew New Year's meat, kill New Year's chicken, stir-fry forks, steam steamed bread and make bean paste. On New Year's Eve, family members get together, watch the New Year, set off firecrackers, eat jiaozi, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new; Visit relatives and friends and temple fairs from the first day to the fifth day, and receive New Year greetings; On the fifteenth day of the first month, the whole family get together and enjoy watching lanterns and eating Yuanxiao.
The architectural customs are mainly hutongs and quadrangles, except for the gates of' Inside Nine Outside Seven Imperial Cities Four'. There are more than 3,200 long, short, wide and narrow hutongs in old Beijing, criss-crossing and dotted. The widest alley is more than 30 meters, and the narrowest alley is only about 0.5 meters. Historian, Shi Li, performing music, money and grain, fried noodles, Fu Xue, brick tower, Jing Ling, fresh fish mouth, polishing factory, and hometown, have a profound foundation. The quadrangles in old Beijing are square and elegant, with blue bricks and gray tiles, couplets, red painted doors, stone carvings, wishful carved windows, antique verandahs, piers and ancient pagodas leaning against windows; Long years, full of gold.
Wenwan and pet customs, appreciating Wenwan and keeping pets are the hobbies and complex of old Beijingers. In Wan Wen, wooden bracelets such as walnuts, gourds, rosewood and olive stones are the favorites of old Beijingers. Pets are parrots, thrushes, wrens and other birds, pigeons such as Dianzi, Huaner, Heier and Yier, black and green crickets, first-class crickets such as green hemp head, yellow molars and green shrimps, and red, ink, blue and green crickets. At that time, in the streets of Beijing, it was common for old people to do nothing with bird cages, and it was common for flocks of white pigeons to fly in the blue sky with whistles.
Food customs, in addition to court food, all-sheep banquet, all-duck banquet, Manchu banquet, Beijing roast duck, instant-boiled mutton, zhajiang noodles, etc., there are more than 200 kinds of snacks in old Beijing. There are fried liver, cheese, noodle tea, bean juice, inby, crispy skin, fried cake, fried belly, stewed rice cake, sesame ball, bean bag, ice bowl, bean curd, Zhajiang Noodles, eight-treasure rice, fried noodles, pea yellow, snowballing usury, sugar ear, Aiwowo, bean roll, fried enema, bean paste and stinky tofu. The main characteristics of these old Beijing snacks are soft, crisp, sweet and salty, fine workmanship and excellent materials. Their respective production and eating methods also have secrets. For example, the bean stuffing of bean bags is made of brown sugar, sweet-scented osmanthus, rice cakes dipped in sweet-scented osmanthus, sesame seeds with pepper and salt; Otherwise, Beijing is not pure.
? Temple fair customs include Long Fu Temple, Dongyue Temple, Yonghe Palace, Flower Market, Liulichang, Guobao Temple, Baiyun Temple, Flat Peach Palace and so on. In recent 20 years, temple fairs such as Ditan, Longtan and Daguan Garden have been added, which are held regularly every month or only during festivals. Playing gongs and drums, dancing yangko, walking on stilts, running dry boats, dancing with a master, playing traditional violins, shaking diabolos, watching pigeons, singing Beijing opera, talking cross talk, pulling foreign films, juggling, kneading dough and blowing sugar; Beijing-style food stalls are connected together, eating, drinking and having fun. On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Yuan Dynasty, a lantern festival was held in dengshikou: lights were like the sea, people were like the tide, trees, towers, ice lanterns, gauze lanterns, beads-burning lanterns, boneless lanterns, Aoshan lanterns, glazed lanterns, and "lanterns shake pearls, and the moon scattered big bears"; Playing cuttlefish, dancing yangko, running bamboo lanterns and dragon lanterns, enjoying the beautiful scenery of the festival and watching the guests.
? Zang Ruqi 2019 65438+1Ditan on October 25th