Architectural concept and artistic thought of the Forbidden City in Beijing

The whole building complex of Gan Qing Palace is located on the central axis and consists of six gates and three palaces, namely Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace, Gan Qing Gate, Kunning Gate, Rijing Gate, Yuehua Gate, Long Fu Gate and Jinghe Gate. These buildings form a closed space, commonly known as the "harem". The naming of the whole building complex is like a process of the formation of the universe. The sky is the sun and the Kun is the earth. What is implied is the idea of "Yin and Yang of heaven and earth".

In the layout of the last three palaces, Gan Qing Palace is located in the south, Kunning Palace is located in the north, and Jiaotai Hall is in between, which is a place to communicate with heaven and earth and conforms to the principle of "heaven and earth are interlinked". According to the theory of geomantic omen, what is done for the sky is Yang, and what is done for the earth is Yin. The place where heaven and earth communicate is the place where Yin and Yang meet, but it is not as simple as imagined. Among the three halls of the former dynasty and the three palaces of the later dynasty, only the Jiaotai Hall and the Taihe Hall are hung with Xuanyuan mirrors. What does this mean?

In front of the Jiaotai Hall, there is a clean palace representing the sky (Yang), followed by the Kunning Palace representing the earth (Yin). Jiaotai Hall refers to the intersection of heaven (dry) and earth (Kun) here, which makes heaven and earth peaceful, and refers to Clean Palace and Kunning Palace. The Xuanyuan mirror hanging in Jiaotai Hall symbolizes the intersection of heaven and earth. The meanings of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe come from the cloud in the Book of Changes: "The road changes, and each lives his own life. It is good to keep security and harmony. " The meaning of "Taihe" was interpreted by Zhu as: "Dahe (Taihe) is also the intersection of Yin and Yang." Therefore, both Jiaotai Hall and Taihe Hall are hung with Xuanyuan mirrors, symbolizing the harmony of Yin and Yang, which means that Yin and Yang meet.

Jiaotai Hall implies the meaning of "copulation", and the main purpose of acupoints is to know that acupoints are places where yin and yang copulate, because only in this way can there be life. There are two meanings: one is sexual intercourse between men and women, and the other is sexual intercourse between heaven and earth. "Yi" says that line is the father of heaven and Kun is the mother of the earth, so "making love" means the intersection of yin and yang of heaven and earth, and everything becomes alcohol, such as copulation between men and women. Jiaotai Hall was built between Gan Qing Palace and Kunning Palace. Its function is to provide a place for the emperor and the queen to have intercourse, and to undertake the responsibility of carrying on the family line. It not only symbolizes the intercourse of yin and yang between heaven and earth, but also refers to the intercourse between men and women, namely the emperor and queen. This idea is the philosophical thought that heaven and earth, yin and yang, men and women are the unity of all things in the universe. [ 1 1]

Jiaotai Hall also conforms to the principle that the dragon cave is hidden deep, and the dragon cave must be hidden in the most secret place in order to achieve the purpose of not being blown by the wind and not being rained. Looking at all the secret buildings located on the central axis of the Forbidden City, only Jiaotai Hall is worthy of the name. Because the central axis is the symbol of the celestial axis and imperial power, the dragon cave must be located on the central axis to worship dignity. Jiaotai Hall is located in the backyard, but it is not as exposed as Taihe Hall. It is located in a closed building complex in Gan Qing Palace, surrounded by buildings.

When there were no mountains, the Ming people built a mountain, named Long Live Mountain, without water. The Ming people dug a river called Jinshui River. The mountain is like Xuanwu Town, and the water is like Jincheng. They searched for water along the mountain, introduced Tianshou Mountain Long Mai into the Forbidden City, and set Longdong in Jiaotai Hall. The acupoints of the Forbidden City are hidden in the Jiaotai Hall, which is the gathering place of Wanli in Long Mai, and Tianshou Mountain in the north is the main peak of China, so the Longdong in Jiaotai Hall has become the Longdong in China, which is in the second place, dedicated to honor and bearing the great vitality of heaven.