The heads of the five factions of the Eight Diagrams Palm I. The Eight Diagrams Palm of the Yin School
Yin, the representative figure, was born in 1840 and died in 1909 on June 28th, at the age of 69. A native of Zhang Huai village, Hebei province, has been fighting since childhood and is good at jumping legs. Later, I took art as my teacher and worshipped Dong Haichuan to learn gossip. Under the careful guidance of Master Dong, he integrated his knowledge of bouncing legs and arhat boxing into the Eight Diagrams Palm and practiced hard for several years to become a famous name. He has many disciples, such as Ju Qingyuan, Men Baozhen, Ma Gui, Gong Baotian, son-in-law He Jinkui and son-in-law Yin. Cui Xungui, the eunuch in charge of state affairs, is his disciple. Because its palm method is different from Mr. Cheng's, it is called "Dongcheng School".
The characteristics of Yin Pai's Bagua Palm are: the palm is like the palm of a cow's tongue (or the palm of a snake's head), the two arms are straight, the four fingers are close together, the thumb is locked, the palm is forward, the palm is empty, and the back of the palm is ridged; In terms of strength, I am good at being dry and cold, and my speech is cold, elastic, hard, crisp and fast. Those who are good at breaking through, stumbling and bouncing are called "hard palm method" When starting, it is the general name of breakthrough, that is, rushing in, squeezing in, tilting in and sliding in; In terms of speed, it emphasizes "flashing the needle" and erupts instantly. The palm method mainly includes piercing, moving, cutting, blocking, cutting, bumping and smashing; We should take the cold chicken step in footwork, emphasizing small steps, quick steps and continuous steps. Walking is like a cold chicken walking, which runs through step by step, including, stabilizing and continuing three forces. That is to say, if you want to make progress, you should lift your hips, knees and strength, and show the attitude of listening to ants. Steady means to walk in quickly, lightly, steadily, step by step, not blindly, and to reflect the quiet environment. After that, the front foot touches the ground, and the rear foot should be pulled outward, so that at the moment when the front foot touches the ground, it will continue to extend and be as smooth as possible under the urging of the pulling force of the rear foot and the bulging air in the abdomen. If a chicken steps on the snow, it should show dignity but not weakness. Tactically, I emphasize taking me as the core, waiting for the opportunity to move, forcing the other side to walk around me by constantly adjusting the angle, while I am free to attack. Emphasize chicken legs, tiger sitting, dragon body, eagle claws and monkey face in body image; There are eight palm styles in the boxing routine, such as piercing palm, collapsing palm, pushing palm, propping palm, splitting palm, cutting palm, folding palm and drilling palm, which are varied and colorful. In addition, there are 18 trips of arhat boxing and 12 foot boxing.
Second, the Eight Diagrams Palm of Cheng School
Representative cheng. Cheng was born in 1848 and died in August 1900 at the age of 52. A native of Nanchengjia Village, Shenxian County, Hebei Province, worked as an apprentice in Beijing when he was a child, and later opened an optical shop outside Chongwenmen, which was called "the journey of glasses". Since childhood, wrestling and other skills have been organically integrated into the Eight Diagrams Palm, and they have been enriched and improved according to their own practice and sentiment, and gradually formed a unique program, namely "Cheng Nan School" Eight Diagrams Palm. At that time, there were many people in the Wulin who admired his martial arts, but they were all invincible under him, so the "Glasses City" was named Beijing.
Eight-Nation Alliance 1900 invaded Beijing, wandering around, killing people and setting fires. One day, when Mr. Cheng went out from his home (No.46, Chongwaihe Park Factory), he met a dozen German soldiers on patrol. German soldiers wanted to examine Mr. Cheng, but Cheng refused because he didn't know the language and hated foreign enemies. German soldiers tried to beat him, but he knocked him down one by one, and Cheng fled to the house leisurely. Unexpectedly, his braid was stuck between tiles and could not be lifted vertically. Want to get rid of the second longitudinal, delayed the time, was shot by German soldiers, fell in a pool of blood, a generation of Wu Xing fall.
There are many famous disciples under Master Cheng's door. In addition to Sun Lvtang, other famous disciples are,,, Cheng Youlong,, Ji Fengxiang, Liu Zhenzong, Wang, Feng Junyi, Zhang Yukui, Gao Yisheng, He Jinkui, Guo Fengde and Li.
The characteristics of Cheng Pai's Bagua Palm are close to Dong's original framework, and the palm shape is Dragon Claw Palm. Thumb abduction: the index finger is upright, the four fingers are slightly gathered, the palm contains something, the back of the palm is corrugated, and the palm faces the front of the forefoot. Push, hold, take, lead, move, buckle, split, advance, plug, bump, cut and collapse in the palm method; In terms of strength, it is required to combine rigidity with softness, adhere to adhesion, twist, be solid and round, pay attention to waist strength, and explode. Some people call it rubbing hands; In footwork, emphasis is placed on mud walking and button changing; In the leg method, pay attention to the chassis and pile method, and use hidden legs; In terms of techniques, pay attention to swimming around, slanting in and out, walking and beating, getting out of the shadow and attacking the enemy with your back; In the image, it pays attention to walking like a dragon, turning like a monkey and becoming like an eagle. There are three shapes, which are large in exercise, open and close, and generous; In the routine arrangement, eight palms are the main ones, that is, single palm change, double palm change, homeopathic palm, back palm, turn palm, grind palm, turn palm and turn palm, which change in series, and there are many boxing and mechanical routines.
Third, Liang Pai Bagua Palm
The representative figure is Liang Zhenpu. Mr. Liang Zhenpu, born in Beihouzhong Village, Ji County, Hebei Province, died on May 20th, 1863 and August 3rd, 1932. He has been a martial artist since he was a child. At the age of seven, he learned to bounce legs from Qin Fengyi, an old boxer in the village. 13 years old, went to Beijing as an apprentice in Wanxing Jianyi Village outside Qianmen, and made a living by selling clothes, so he was called "Jianyiliang". Due to his short stature and weak body, the shopkeeper introduced him to learn Bagua Palm from Dong Haichuan, a young disciple of Mr. Dong Haichuan. Mr. Liang started late, but because of his talent, diligence, diligence and understanding, he was deeply loved by Dong, got the essence of Bagua Palm and was open-minded. He respects his teachers and has a good relationship with all his brothers. He often humbly asks Yin Fu, Cheng, Cheng, and other brothers for advice. He is good at learning from others, has comprehensive skills and is famous for his exquisite kung fu.
Mr. Liang is generous, helpful, eager for quick success and instant benefit, and has an ancient chivalrous demeanor. After becoming famous, in addition to selling appraisal clothes, he also set up a training center in zhushikou South "Deshengju" Huangtavern outside Beijing Qianmen (because the shopkeeper Wang Chengzhai is his disciple), and there are many disciples, except Beijing, Baoding, Jixian, Shulu and Shandong in Hebei, which can be said to be full of peaches and plums. Mr. Liang took Jixian with "gossip pure skills"? Four tyrants? "Make a scene in Majiapu, flogging and killing dozens of villains such as Liu Zhao", "Walking with Lotus Leaves", "Killing Donkeys with Three Hands", "Robbers Pay Back Money", "Drawing Nails with Bare Hands", "Teaching Grooms with Art" and "Teaching Cooks with Art" have inspired Wulin, and spread through the ages, becoming an open school.
The characteristics of the eight diagrams palm of Liang school are as follows: piercing, holding, picking, collapsing, pushing, sliding, breaking and splitting are the most; In terms of posture, it is mainly twisting, sitting, rubbing, shaking, spinning, turning, jumping and bumping. In terms of footwork, it is mainly buckled, swung, frustrated, stamped, walked, kicked, kicked and kicked. In terms of image, the images of monkey head, snake eyes, bag back, dragon waist, phoenix line, tiger step, Zhan Peng and eagle spin are respected; Tactically, we should follow the trend, attack obliquely from the right, attack from the east to the west, take it by surprise, avoid the real and attack the virtual, attack the enemy with both rigidity and softness, and take the tactics of controlling diseases skillfully and quickly as the top priority; Theoretically, it is based on the principle of "simplicity, change and difficulty" and the law of "thirty-six songs" and "forty-eight laws". In Wushu, it is based on the spirit of all rivers running into the sea, the perfection of kung fu, the righteousness of being brave, and the virtue of respecting teachers and valuing morality.
Guo and Li are the most influential and representative figures in the second generation of Liang School's Bagua Palm.
Guo, formerly known as Guo Decang, was born in 1887 and died in 1968. Born in Jixian County, Hebei Province, aged 15, arrived in Beijing. He is an apprentice in a clothing appraisal shop. At the age of 20, I took Liang Zhenpu as my teacher and practiced Bagua Palm. He is good at learning from others' strengths, melting the essence of each bagua palm into the furnace, and forming a comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive system. After artistic accomplishment, he taught in Beijing and was hired as a martial arts teacher by Beijing Normal School. He is the author of "Bagua Palm Techniques Integration", which has made great contributions to the inheritance and development of the beam-type Bagua Palm.
Mr. Li was originally the first president of Beijing Baguazhang Research Association, a famous martial artist and a master of Baguazhang. He practiced martial arts since he was a child. 265,438+0-year-old worships Liang Zhenpu to practice the beam-type bagua palm as a teacher. He has practiced kung fu for decades, and his kung fu is inscrutable. In his later years, he engaged in the research of Bagua Palm, recruited disciples and wrote books. 1993 died at the age of 9 1, which played an important role in the popularization of the beam-type bagua palm and made great contributions to the development of the whole bagua palm cause.
Fourth, Shipai Bagua Palm
The representative figure is Shi Jidong. Mr. Shi Jidong, whose real name was Zhenbang, was born in 1835 and died in 1908 1 26th, at the age of 73. Ranked sixth is from Xiaozhai Village, Ji County, Hebei Province, known as "Liu Shi". He opened a ghost clothing store in his early years, and later opened a Jardine Wood Products Factory in Chaoyangmen, Beijing, so he was also called "Liu Shi shopkeeper". Shi learned to bounce his legs first, and then practiced linking his legs. He and Yin Fu are fellow villagers and friends. After Yin Fu worshiped Dong Haichuan as a teacher, Shi Liujing was introduced by Mr. Yin Fu, and also worshipped under Master Dong Xian to learn eight diagrams. Mr. Shi is cautious, honest and open-minded, and is deeply loved by Dong. After Liu Shi's wife, he worshipped Dong Gong as his adoptive father. Mr. Dong once lived at home for some time. On one occasion, Mr. Wang kicked the teacher's leg while teaching hand skills, and he flashed him. He called him "Thief's Leg" with a smile, so people later called him "Thief's Leg Liu Shi".
Shi Jidong followed Dong Gong day and night and practiced hard for many years. He was carefully taught by Dong Gong and got the true meaning of Dong Xian's Eight Diagrams Palm. And under the guidance of Dong Shi, he organically integrated his exquisite leg technique into the movements of Bagua Palm, forming a unique leg technique of Bagua Palm, which is fast and changeable and unexpected. The leader of Shipai Bagua pays special attention to the leg technique, emphasizing single practice and demanding that the leg technique be practiced quickly, so that the kicked person does not know how my leg is kicked out.
The basic feature of the Shipai Bagua Palm is that the hand is hooked, ready to eat, and the middle fingers are close together. The tiger's mouth is open, the thumb is buckled, and the other two fingers are slightly flexed. This palm is easy to buckle up and down, and the front is cut and then polished; In the basic action form, it is manifested as mud walking and chicken walking. In the basic tactical principle, it is manifested as "avoiding positive and playing oblique, driving evil with positive"; In the basic law of movement, it is manifested as "taking movement as the basis and turning movement into law"; In terms of technical content, in addition to the low skill of Dong Haichuan's adaptation of Bagua Leg, there are eight-palm and sixty-four-palm knives, swords, cymbals, poles, guns and other instruments that are self-contained; When attacking, it emphasizes not to recruit and not to fight, to obey the objective, to be subjective and not to fight hard, to request to transfer evasion, and to introduce failed tactics, so that the opponent's halberd action can not be controlled, resulting in a passive beating situation; Theoretically, it is represented by the "Thirty-six Tunes" and "Forty-eight Methods" of the Eight Diagrams Palm under the guidance of Yi Li, as well as the key points of experience with historical leg training and application as the core content. Pay attention to the eight methods and five potentials (shapes) in the palm image, that is, push, hug, take, lead, move, block, buckle and cut; The five potentials (shapes) are dragon, tiger, monkey, snake and swallow; Each of the eight methods is a section, with * * * eight sections and eight palms in each section. There are many potentials in each palm, and five shapes and five potentials run through it, changing around in circles.
Han Fushun, a master of Shi Jidong, is proficient in the eight diagrams knife method and actual combat technology. His attack is invincible, and he can hit people two or three feet away with his hands. Wu Junshan, the main descendant of Han, is a master of Liuhe Boxing. Later, he learned from Han Fushun and got his true biography. Later, he studied under Liu Dekuan, a senior apprentice of Dong, and taught him the eight diagrams palm spectrum. His artistic career is more exquisite, and he has taught in the National Art Museum for many years, which is quite famous. After the Central Martial Arts School moved to Yunnan, Shipai Bagua Palm developed in Yunnan, with many descendants. The living Mr. Di Zhaolong of Jiangsu Province is the third generation representative of Shipai Bagua Palm.
Five, Zhang Pai Bagua Palm
The representative figure is Zhang Zhankui. Mr. Zhang Zhankui, a native of Houhongyan Village, Hejian County, Hebei Province, was born in 1859 and died in 1935 at the age of 76. Mr. Wang is gentle, intelligent and loves martial arts. Once he learns it, he will get better soon. When he was a child, he learned Shaolin boxing and fan dance from a boxer in the village. Later, he studied Xingyiquan with the famous Xingyiquan Liu. He has been practicing hard for many years and his skills are superb. He is called "Lightning Hand". Mr. Wang has successively served as the shift supervisor of Tianjin Military Camp, director of Tianjin No.1 National Art Museum, martial arts department of Tianjin Huangnian Society, honorary president and invigilator of hejian city Wushu Association, and acting as the captain of the Presidential Guard by Feng. Mr. Zhang Zhankui loves money and righteousness, and likes to make friends with Jianghu heroes. At that time, Mr. Cheng was doing business in Tianjin and had a dispute with others. Knowing that Mr. Cheng is a well-known figure in the contemporary gossip palm, Mr. Cheng's lawsuit can be won only by running around and taking care of him in many ways. At that time, Teacher Zhang wanted to learn from Teacher Cheng. Mr. Cheng said, "Let's make friends. I'll introduce you to Mr. Dong. You can worship his old man as a teacher. " When Mr. Zhang went to Beijing, Dong Shi had passed away. Mr. Cheng said, "Then I'll teach you." Therefore, Mr. Zhang, Mr. Cheng and the teacher became sworn brothers, and Mr. Cheng taught Mr. Zhang's eight diagrams on behalf of the teacher. Later, Li Cunyi went to Tianjin and founded the Chinese Wushu Association. Mr. Zhang and Mr. Bruce Lee fell in love at first sight and became half-brothers, thus realizing the true meaning of Mr. Zhang's martial arts. Teacher Zhang has been practicing martial arts for 50 years, and he is proficient in all kinds of forms, meanings and gossip, and his original eight diagrams palm is quite famous in Beijing and Tianjin. In his later years, he lived in Tianjin, specializing in teaching disciples, learning from famous disciples such as Jiang, Zhao Daoxin and so on.
Zhang Pai's Eight Diagrams Palm is a good voice of eight diagrams in form and meaning. Its characteristics are: pictographic meaning, physical education. The routine arrangement of Xingyiquan Bagua Palm is based on eight images (gan, Kan, Li, Gen, Kun, Xun, Zhen and Hui), imitating the images of eight birds and animals (Yan, eagle, bear, monkey, dragon, snake, tiger and horse), and using the gait, posture, palm posture and left-right rotation of Bagua Palm. For example, the main canal is set to swallow palm * * * six types, cantaloupe is set to eagle palm * * * six types, Li melon is set to bear palm * * * twelve types, Gen hexagram is set to monkey palm * * * ten types, Han melon is set to dragon palm * * * eight dragons, Xun melon is set to snake palm * * * nine types, and real melon is set to tiger palm * * * nine types.
Pay attention to the coordination of ideas and practice both inside and outside. Observing the law of human movement in the shape and meaning of the Bagua palm vault, following the ancient theory of Yin-Yang and Internal Qi, and combining the footwork, posture and palm method of the Bagua palm, a set of simple five-step methods of mind cultivation, namely, Yin-Yang Operation Method, Yin-Yang Keeping Qi Method, Emotion Operation Method, Mind Indication Method and Internal and External Self-cultivation Crossing Leg Method, are scientifically summarized, which are required to run through. For example, when practicing Xingyi Bagua Palm by turning left and right along endless circles, it is necessary to clearly know that turning left is Yang and turning right is Yin, which naturally forms the "Yin-Yang Movement Method" in consciousness. When performing the "Yin-Yang Operation Method", it is required to turn left to think of the navel (in front of the abdomen) and turn right to think of the Ming Gate (behind the abdomen), which naturally forms the "Yin-Yang First Qi Method". You also need intention to cooperate with breathing (left hand inhaling and right hand exhaling), which naturally forms the "emotional operation method". In the whole routine practice, it is required that every movement and every move must be intentionally ahead, and the "idea gesture method" is naturally formed without clumsy effort. This makes the Eight Diagrams Palm naturally form a veritable dynamic Qigong. In addition, after mastering the above four ideas, it is also required to practice the "internal and external self-cultivation cross-legged method", which is divided into four types: sitting on the same side, single disk, natural disk and double disk, and it is also emphasized that the palm runs through twelve kinds of ideas in single palm exercises. For example, when practicing the back palm, it is emphasized to inject internal strength into the five fingers, when practicing the flexion palm, and when practicing the piercing palm, it is emphasized to inject internal strength into the palm. In the whole routine practice, the mind is required to be like a flag, and the mind, "internal qi" and internal strength are understood, and the posture, footwork and palm method are also made accordingly, so that the boxing potential will not be separated, continued, floated, scattered and left, and the inside and outside will be integrated. Because it pays attention to the coordination of thoughts and emphasizes both internal and external cultivation, it can effectively promote the changes of the essence of qi and blood in the body, achieve a sober and meticulous state of both internal and external cultivation, organically combine martial arts with fitness, and make martial arts more powerful and higher in level. This is the essence of the school.
Careful palm technique, combination of martial arts and medicine, rich strokes. The shape and meaning of the Eight Diagrams Palm are like the subtleties of Tai Ji Chuan. Every palm should be meticulous in its movements, and its boxing methods should be related to acupoints. The meridians, qi and blood, viscera, yin and yang, martial arts and medicine should be combined to complement each other. Moreover, the strokes are rich and the routines are beautiful, which has high practical and ornamental value.
The training characteristics of Zhang Pai's pictographic palm are: lifting the top along the neck, lifting the anus upwards, holding out the chest and pulling out the back, loosening the shoulders and sinking the elbows, twisting, turning around, wading through the mud with bent legs, holding the legs to the potential, keeping the abdomen with the left hand and keeping the door with the right hand.