The Summer Palace, an ancient imperial garden in Beijing, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 0/5 km away from the urban area/kloc-,covering an area of about 290 hectares, and adjacent to Yuanmingyuan. It is a large-scale landscape garden with Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain as the background and Hangzhou West Lake as the basis, drawing lessons from the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the most well-preserved royal palace, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a national key tourist attraction.
Yuanmingyuan is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace. It consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden, also known as Yuanming Three Gardens. Yuanmingyuan is one of the famous royal gardens in Qing Dynasty, covering an area of more than 5,200 mu, with 150 views. The building area is 1.6 million square meters, which is known as "the garden of ten thousand gardens". The royal family of the Qing Dynasty came here every summer to govern, so Yuanmingyuan was also called "Summer Palace".
Chengde mountain resort is an ancient imperial palace in China, where the Qing emperors spent the summer and handled government affairs. Located in the north of Chengde City, Hebei Province. Founded in 1703, it was completed in 89 years after Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. Together with the national key cultural relics protection units, the Summer Palace, Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden, it is called the four famous gardens in China.
Question 2: What are the gardening techniques of China classical gardens and royal gardens? In China gardens, the dignity of royal status is unshakable, and it can be said that it is overbearing in gardening techniques. Therefore, in the garden, it is manifested as incisive display and infinite pursuit. On the site selection of geomantic omen, the royal gardens in China occupy all the geomantic treasures, such as chengde mountain resort, water from the northeast, and stagnant water from the southeast, which flows to the southeast. The mountain in the northwest is the representative of Kunlun, the symbol of Xuanwu, and the water is Qinglong. The park is surrounded by mountains in the east, south, west and north, and the pattern of imitating geomantic omen is stacked. There are mountains in front and mountains behind. Zuo Fu is in the east and Youbi is in the west. The surrounding mountains are low-lying basins. So the water in the saltworks is a pool, like Suzaku. In the landscape pattern, the China Royal Garden adopted the mountain landscape style. It is also the moral concept of China people to give priority to mountains, supplemented by water, and pay attention to the combination of wisdom and benevolence. So there must be heaped mountains in the garden. The mountain is high, with the main building on the mountain as the visual center and the island in the water as the composition center, and the two hearts are integrated. In terms of axis, symmetry and center, the royal garden is firmly on the road of axis and symmetry. For example, the Summer Palace, from the Beigongmen in the back of the mountain to the Buddha Pavilion in the center of the scenic spot, and even the Phoenix Pier in Kunming Lake, is an obvious axis. At the same time, the axis and symmetry are the imperial garden behind Kunning Palace, Cining Palace Garden and Ningshou Palace Garden. In terms of landscape separation and enclosure, the royal gardens in China adopt the form of solid walls and high walls. For example, the gardens in Beijing Imperial City are surrounded by high walls, and so is chengde mountain resort. Frames, antithesis and ellipsis are widely used in China Royal Gardens. Frames are generally realized through window frames: antithesis is realized through the separation of mountains and rivers; Scenery leakage is generally realized through cloisters or verandahs. On the road, most of the royal gardens in China are inlaid with bricks, tiles, stones and other materials. Artificial ceramic tiles are the main ones, supplemented by natural rocks. Adopt the method of composition. In plant planting, the consumption is relatively low, and the green coverage rate is also relatively low, mainly to show the natural effect artificially. In terms of plant species, four-season plants and flowering plants are the best. For example, three friends in cold years and four gentlemen in flowers all have the same preference for Zhi Tao in spring, lotus flowers in summer, maple trees in autumn and pine trees in winter, which shows the Confucian doctrine of the mean. In plant pruning, the beauty of natural form is always higher than everything in architecture, which is manifested as follows: the first is the type, with palaces as the main part and pavilions as the auxiliary part, and religious buildings in the royal gardens of China account for a large part. This is related to the royal family's pursuit of longevity. Secondly, the architectural layout is mainly symmetrical with the regular central axis. Third, the number of buildings is dense. The building density is relatively high. Fourth, the building is relatively large. Fifth, most bridges are stone arch bridges. Looking at the above characteristics, it shows that the gardening technology of royal gardens in China is quite profound, which can be said to be the crystallization of the wisdom of our people for several years. The Royal Gardens in China initiated the discipline of landscape architecture, which made the gardens in China become classical gardens.
Question 3: What royal gardens are there in Beijing? Which district are they in? Within 40 minutes:
The first three seas, North Sea, China Shipping and South China Sea-Xicheng District 1
2. Jingshan in Xicheng District (formerly known as "Jingshan Park")
3. Temple of Heaven, Ditan, Ritan, Dongcheng District and Yuetan-Xicheng District.
4. Shejitan, Xicheng District-the ancestral hall in Dongcheng District, is dedicated to the country and ancestors. 5. Xiannongtan-Xicheng District, where the emperor inspected farming.
6. Forbidden City Garden in Dongcheng District
Suburb:
1, Yuanmingyuan and Summer Palace-Haidian District unique to the royal family in Qing Dynasty.
2. Nanyuan-Fengtai District is the hunting place of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In addition, the royal gardens in Qing Dynasty are called "Three Mountains and Five Gardens", which are all in Yuanmingyuan and Summer Palace. The three mountains refer to Wanshou Mountain, Yuquan Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain. Fragrant Hill Jingyi Garden, Yuquan Mountain Jingming Garden, Wanshou Mountain Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace), Yuanmingyuan Garden and Changchun Garden.
Question 4: Where is the largest royal garden in China and what is its name? Emperor Kangxi's summer resort in Chengde
Question 5: Introduction of Royal Gardens In ancient books, royal gardens are called "Garden", "Yong (yü u)", "Yuan Yong" and "Imperial Garden", which is one of the four basic types of gardens in China. From slave society to feudal society in China, for thousands of years, the emperor was supreme and the imperial power was absolute authority. Compared with the imperial power, the theocracy that shocked everything like the ancient West has always been a secondary and subordinate position in China. Accordingly, a set of etiquette system that emphasizes the supremacy of the emperor and imperial power will inevitably penetrate into all political etiquette, living rules and living environment related to the royal family, showing the so-called royal demeanor. As an important part of the royal living environment, gardens have formed royal gardens which are different from other types of gardens.
Question 6: Among the four major gardens in China, which is the famous royal garden in Beijing? Summer Palace. ,,,
Question 7: What are the ancient royal gardens in China? During the Qing Dynasty (1616-191year), the construction of royal gardens became mature, and the * * * period was founded in Kangxi and completed in Qianlong. Since the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital and completely followed the palaces of the Ming Dynasty, the focus of royal architecture was natural. At that time, from Haidian Town to Xiangshan, * * * distributed more than 90 royal gardens, including Jingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace), Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden, Xiyuan Garden, Xichun Garden, Jingchun Garden, Shuchun Garden, Heming Garden, Langrun Garden and Kiko Garden, which stretched for more than 20 miles and were spectacular. In addition, there are many royal gardens outside Beijing. Among them, Yuanmingyuan, Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace), Summer Resort and Beihai are the most famous. -Common sense architecture.
Question 8: What are the ancient royal gardens in China during the Yin and Shang Dynasties? The word "Xi" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions finds a discussion about royal gardens from the earliest writing DD (BC 16 ~ BC 1 1 century) found so far in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Accordingly, experts speculate that the royal gardens in China began in Shang Dynasty. According to the historical records of Zhou Li in Zhou Dynasty, the royal gardens appeared in the form of caves, that is, in a certain natural environment, animals were raised, trees were planted, ponds were dug, and platforms were built for Royal Hunt, entertainment, education and production. At that time, the famous royal garden was the "Lingkou" in Zhou Wenwang, which was dominated by natural flowers and trees, with flocks of birds and animals, and a pool was built for emperors and nobles to enjoy hunting. In fact, this is a hunting park.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties (2265438 BC+0 ~220 BC), the royal gardens were the mainstream of gardening activities at that time. At this time, the royal garden appeared in the form of a landscape palace, that is, the royal parting hall was combined with the natural landscape environment, and its scope was hundreds of miles in Fiona Fang. The Xin Palace and Epang Palace built by Qin Shihuang in Weinan, Shaanxi Province are not only arranged according to the astronomical phenomena, but also "the dense mountains cross the valley and the roads return to their own places", and there is a pavilion at the top of the mountain, with Fan Chuan as the palace pool, which is magnificent. Qin Shihuang sent people to DD Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou in the legendary Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea to seek the elixir of life. He built Penglai Mountain in the pool of his Lanchi Palace to express his yearning for fairyland. On the basis of Qin Shanglin Garden, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built a large-scale and fully functional royal garden DD Shanglin Garden. Shanglinyuan covers a vast area of Chang 'an in the east, south and west, with eight streams flowing through Guanzhong and more than 300 palace gardens. It is the first place in the construction of China royal gardens. There are not only royal residences and places to enjoy natural beauty, but also zoos, botanical gardens, hunting areas and even horse and dog races. Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou Sanxian Mountain were built in Taiye Pool of Zhangjian Palace in Shanglinyuan. From then on, the practice of "one pool and three mountains" in China Royal Garden continued until the Qing Dynasty. However, although its scale is extremely grand, it is relatively rough, and the scenery of temples and terraces is simply listed, without combining the layout of mountains and rivers. At this time, the royal garden is still in the primary stage of development and formation.
From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Ming Dynasty-the accumulation and perfection of royal gardens (220 ~589), the development of royal gardens was at a turning point. At this time, wars are frequent, and scholars talk about cynicism, advocate seclusion, and express their feelings for mountains and rivers, which permeates the aesthetics of this era. Although the royal gardens are not as large as the landscape palaces in Qin and Han dynasties, they have inherited and developed in content, and have stricter regulations, showing a unique style. For example, the Xiandu Garden built in Gaowei of the Northern Qi Dynasty, the heaped earth mountain symbolizes the five mountains, and the "poor children's village" and "trading street" are built to experience folk life. Sui and Tang Dynasties (58 1 ~907) was the golden age of feudal society in China, and the development of royal gardens also entered a heyday. Royal gardens tend to be gorgeous and exquisite, paying attention to the unity of architectural beauty and natural beauty. Xiyuan in Sui Dynasty and Forbidden Garden in Tang Dynasty are both royal gardens, with ingenious garden architecture, exquisite architectural structure and various kinds of animals and plants. Xiyuan in Luoyang and Huaqing Palace in Lishan are the representative works of this period.
By the Song Dynasty (960 ~ 1279), the ruling class was addicted to the prosperity of music and acoustics. Many royal gardens were built in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty, Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty and Zhongdu in the Jin Dynasty. The scale was far less than that of the Tang Dynasty, but the precision of art and techniques was higher. The development of royal gardens has appeared again, which is the root month of Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Genyue built by Song Huizong is a beautiful example of imitating China mountains and rivers with large artificial rockeries on the flat ground, and it is also a masterpiece of freehand landscape gardens. At this time, the materials and construction technology of rockery have reached a high level.
The Jin Dynasty (11/kloc-0 ~1234) built royal gardens such as Xiyuan, Tong Yuan, Taiyechi, Nanyuan, Guangleyuan, Fiona Fang and Beiyuan, and built forbidden gardens, the largest of which is Wanning Palace, which is today's Beihai Park. In addition, there are lotus hall in Yuquan Mountain, palace in Xiangshan Mountain, flower viewing platform in Cherry Valley, Jin Zhangzong Tanzhe Temple near Tanzhe Temple and Diaoyutai in Yuyuantan in the suburbs. Yuyuantan Diaoyutai
The "Eight Scenes of Yanjing" originated from the Jin Dynasty.
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties (127 1 year ~ 1644), the royal gardening activities were in a relatively depressed situation, except that the "Taiye Pool" in the Yuan Dynasty expanded to Xiyuan in the Ming Dynasty. & gt