When the Hani people create villages, the selection of village sites must have the indispensable conditions for cultivating terraced fields, such as dense forests, rich water sources, gentle and fertile mountains and ridges. From the architectural form, Hani architecture includes thatched cottage, mushroom house, bank building, earthen palm house, thousands of feet dry railing house, yamen building of Tusi regime, tiled house with one front and two partitions, and modern reinforced concrete structure houses. Among them, mushroom house is the most profound architectural style in Hani traditional culture. Terrace, mushroom house, sacred forest, palm forest, bamboo forest, tea garden, gate, autumn mill and water mill are not only the basic landscape of Hani mushroom village, but also the unique tourism resources to be developed in the world. Hani shanzhai and terraced fields in Shengcun, Yuanyang County have been listed as provincial-level scenic spots in Yunnan.
Hani people generally have a big room in the middle of the main house. In Banna area, there is a parents' bedroom in the east of the hall, and there is a place to worship ancestors in the bedroom. Due to the differences in geography, economy and environment, Hani villages in Ailao Mountain and Wulian Mountain have formed several styles, such as thatched houses, earth palm houses, lime houses and tile houses.
Hani houses look like mushrooms, so they are named mushroom houses, which consist of earth walls, bamboo frames and thatched roofs. The roof has four slopes. Stratification of the house: the ground floor
Shut off cattle and horses and pile up farm tools; The middle floor is paved with wooden boards and divided into three rooms: left, middle and right. There is a square fire pond in the middle, which is full of fireworks all the year round. The top floor is covered with mud, which can not only prevent fire, but also pile up items. Mushroom room uses earth and stone as the main wall material. The roof has a flat-topped earthen palm house and a thatched house with two slopes and four slopes. Because of the steep terrain and lack of flat land, flat-roof houses are more common, which can not only prevent fire, but also facilitate the drying of grain on the roof and make full use of space.
Hani people generally live on sunny hillsides and build villages near the mountains. There are more than thirty or forty villages, and there are hundreds. Behind the village is a lush jungle of ancient trees, surrounded by bamboo, peach trees and pear trees, and the terraces in front of the village extend to the bottom of the valley. There is a clear and cool spring well not far from the village. The mushroom house is combined with the terrain along the hillside, and the height is patchy, which has a simple and changeable scene.
Legend has it that the ancestors of the Hani nationality saw mushrooms that were not afraid of wind and rain all over the mountains and were inspired to imitate mushrooms and build their own houses.
When the guests arrive, the enthusiastic host will invite you to sit around the fireplace and let you take a long hookah, drink a cup of hot glutinous rice fragrant tea and a bowl of mellow wine. While in high spirits, the host opened his voice to show that the Hani people have a coherent voice like Ailao Mountain and bamboo, and wished the guests good luck and friendship.
The mushroom house of Hani nationality is shaped like a mushroom and consists of earth walls, bamboo frames and thatched roofs. The roof has four slopes. The house is divided into levels: cattle and horses are stacked on the ground floor, and farm tools are stacked.
Earthwork is the main wall material in building construction. The roof has a flat-topped "earth palm house" and a thatched house with two slopes and four slopes. Because of the steep terrain and lack of flat land, flat-roofed houses are more common, which can not only prevent fire, but also facilitate the drying of grain on the roof and make full use of space.
Throughout history, wherever the Hani people migrated, mushroom houses were built on Hani Mountain. After long-term development and improvement, today's mushroom house has both traditional characteristics and is improving day by day. Together with towering peaks, charming sea of clouds and colorful terraces, it has become a wonder of Ailao Mountain. Hani mushrooms are mushroom-shaped and diverse in shape. Red River, Yuanyang, Lvchun and other places in Yunnan are mostly grass-topped buildings with earth walls, stone mats and wooden columns. The earthen walls are covered with thatched roofs, and a few are covered with tiles. The building is divided into upper, middle and lower floors, the lower floor is for raising livestock, the middle floor is for living and taking food, and the upper floor is for putting sundries. Mojiang area is mostly flat-topped earth buildings. Xishuangbanna is a bamboo building with a balcony beside it, which is unique. The mushroom house is exquisite and unique. Even in the cold winter, the room is warm; In hot summer, the room is very cool. The most typical is Masuzhai, Yuanyang County, Honghe Prefecture, the largest village of Hani nationality.