In fact, the capitals of past dynasties must not be chosen at will. If you choose at will, once it is breached, the people of the country will lose all their hearts and it will not be far from extinction. For example, when Chu and Han contended, Xiang Yu's capital was easily destroyed, and it was impossible to gather people's hearts. These factors must be considered when choosing the capital in past dynasties: mountains, water and royal family.
Why are there mountains? In fact, this is mainly from the aspect of guarding the capital, because we know that the capital of a country is an important place for rebels or foreign troops to attack. Therefore, the capital must be chosen in a place that is easy to defend but difficult to attack, so that the capital will not be easily breached. For example, there are Hanguguan in Xi, Taihang Mountain in Luoyang, Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing and Yanshan Mountain in Beijing. These mountains can serve as a natural barrier to the capital. Because if they want to climb the mountain, they will be half dead after crossing it, let alone fighting.
Another factor is water. Why? Because kings of past dynasties must be places where residents gather. People all over the world know that this is the national capital and want to squeeze in. It is glorious to live next to the emperor. Therefore, under this trend of thought, many people flock to Wang Du. So many people need to eat and drink water, and the water source becomes extremely important. For example, Nanjing has Qinhuai River, Luoyang has Yellow River, Xi 'an has Weihe River, and Beijing is also on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. With sufficient water, people's lives can be guaranteed.
The last point is that the geomantic omen in Beijing must be better, which is mainly the superstition of the ancients. It is believed that the capital must have the spirit of the land king in order to deter the national monsters. For example, Chang 'an has been the capital since ancient times, so Chang 'an has the most imperial spirit. Chang 'an is located there, just like a promising monarch firmly occupying the country. The geomantic omen in Nanjing is even more sought after. It is said that the feng shui in Nanjing is a dragon plate, and the king is full of domineering. The rest, such as Luoyang and Beijing, have excellent feng shui and are ideal places to build their capitals.
At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, sixteen states fell into the hands of Liao. From then on, Liao went south if he wanted to, and it was convenient to play in the Song Dynasty, but he couldn't sleep well in the Song Dynasty. In the face of Liao country, which may rush to the front at any time, the Song Dynasty was on tenterhooks all day long. So, from then on, the monarchs in China realized the importance of the north.
In the Ming Dynasty, Judy abandoned Nanjing and changed her capital to the north, just to guard the sixteen states at that time and prevent the Mongols in the north from going south. You know, as an emperor, Judy's military ability is very strong. He once said a very famous saying that the son of heaven protects the country, which means that as an emperor, he guards the country. The son of heaven protects the country, how domineering. This sentence also reveals the importance of the king's capital and the importance of defending the king's capital by kings of past dynasties. For example, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chongzhen could have dragged out an ignoble existence and went to the south to establish political power to continue the struggle against the Qing Dynasty. But because he lost the capital, he felt that he was a sinner of the country and the nation, so he hanged himself, which also showed that the emperors valued the capital. Chu and Han contended, and it was agreed that whoever went to Xianyang first was the boss.
For the country, the capital is the face of the country and an important image of the country, which must not be lost. Therefore, at the time of site selection, the founding emperors of the past dynasties were carefully considered.